Okuqukethwe
I-azalea yangaphakathi imele uhlobo lwe-Rhododendron (Rhododendron) kanye nesihlobo esiseduze sobuhle bengadi - ama-rhododendron amade. Endle, kunezinhlobo ezingamakhulu amaningana, kodwa ezimbili kuphela kanye namafomu azo ahlanganisiwe atshalwa ekhaya.
Imbali ye-azalea yasendlini iyisihlahla esihlangene esinobude obungama-30 - 50 cm esinezimbali eziningi futhi ezinhle kakhulu, esizuze ukuthandwa kwayo phakathi kwabathandi bezitshalo zasendlini. Izimbali zakhe ziluhlaza, zinemibala ebomvu, emhlophe nepinki, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezine-lilac nama-corolla anethoni ezimbili. I-azalea nayo ibaluleke kakhulu ngokuqhakaza ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho ezinye izitshalo eziningi eziqhakazayo ziphumule.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zegumbi azalea
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-azaleas angaphakathi.
I-Azalea Indian (Indica), or I-Rhododendron Sims (I-Rhododendron simsii) (1). Uhlobo oludume kakhulu, nguyena ongatholakala edayiswa kakhulu. Lesi yisihlahlana esihlala siluhlaza esinamaqabunga amancane aluhlaza amnyama anombala obomvu. Izimbali zale azalea yasendlini zilula noma ziphindwe kabili, ngokuvamile zifinyelela ubukhulu obungu-3 - 5 cm noma ngaphezulu futhi ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence ayindilinga.
Azalea Japanese, or i-rhododendron ebomvu (I-Rhododendron obtusum)(2). Okungajwayelekile. Izimbali zakhe zincane uma ziqhathaniswa nezaseNdiya futhi zicocekile. I-azalea yaseJapane nayo ingatshalwa njengesitshalo sasengadini.
Ngokuqondene nezinhlobonhlobo ze-azaleas, zaziwa kakhulu ngabaqoqi kuphela: i-azaleas eyi-hybrid ivame ukuthengiswa ezitolo nasezikhungweni zezitolo, ezivame ukuthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Azalea white / pink / red" noma "Azalea mix", futhi ngezinye izikhathi. umane nje “Azalea indica” . Izinhlobo ze-Azalea zingahluka ngokuya ngezimbali: ekuqaleni kobusika noma phakathi nobusika - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzokwazi ukuthola imininingwane enjalo lapho uthenga i-azalea esitolo - izici zezinhlobonhlobo (futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo igama layo) zingatholakala kuphela lapho uthenga isitshalo kumqoqi.
Ezinhlotsheni ezindala, ezidume kakhulu yilezi (3):
- Adventsglocken (Adventsglocken) – izinhlobonhlobo ezinde (45 – 50 cm) ezinezimbali ezi-raspberry-pink ezingaphinda kabili (6 – 8 cm) ezihlala esitshalweni kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-20;
- I-Verveniana (I-Vervaeneana) - izinhlobonhlobo ezinde ezinezimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili (8 - 8,5 cm) zombala obomvana ezinomngcele omhlophe emaphethelweni amacembe, ziqhakaza izinsuku eziyi-190;
- Ama-Max Schemes (I-Max Schäme) – yinde, enezimbali eziphindwe kabili ezinobubanzi obungu-8 – 8,5 cm, amacembe anombala we-salmon anothayela kakhulu onqenqemeni, aqhakaza izinsuku eziyi-130;
- Niobe white (Niobealba) - yinde (45 - 60 cm), i-azalea enwebekayo enezimbali ezimhlophe eziphindwe kabili ezinobubanzi obuyi-8 - 9 cm, iqhakaza izinsuku ezingama-80;
- iqhwa (Schnee) – izinhlobonhlobo ezinde ezinezimbali ezimhlophe eziphindwe kabili, ziqhakaza izinsuku eziyi-130.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Azalea ekhaya
I-Azalea iyisitshalo esingenasici, esidinga izimo ezikhulayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokwemvelo, ama-azalea adonsela endaweni epholile yezintaba kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zenhlabathi (4).
Ground
Umhlabathi wegumbi le-azalea kufanele ube ne-acidic; enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi kanye ne-alkaline, isitshalo siyagula futhi singase sife. Ezixubeni zenhlabathi ezipakishwe ngomumo, okukhethekile kuphela okumfanele - ama-azaleas, ama-rhododendron, ama-camellias nama-heathers.
Abalimi bezimbali abanolwazi balungiselela inhlabathi ye-azaleas bebodwa, kepha kwabayizimfundamakhwela kunzima, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngale ndlela, kunzima ukugcina izinga eliphezulu le-asidi elidingwa yisitshalo.
Lighting
Ama-azalea angaphakathi akhetha ukukhanya okugqamile okusabalalisiwe, ukukhula kwawo kuvinjwa elangeni eliqondile, futhi amaqabunga nezimbali zingasha. Kungenzeka ukukhulisa igumbi le-azalea emthunzini oyingxenye, kodwa ebusika, ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuqhakaza, i-azalea ingadinga ukungezwa nge-phytolamp.
Temperature
Obunye bobunzima obukhulu ekunakekeleni i-azalea yasendlini ukuyinikeza umbuso ofanele wokushisa. I-Azaleas ithanda ukubanda, izinga lokushisa elilungile kubo ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza yi-15 - 18 ° C, futhi ukuqhakaza okuluhlaza kuvame ukugqugquzelwa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwama-buds kuya ku-10 - 12 ° C.
I-azalea yasendlini ayikubekezeleli kahle ukushisa kwehlobo, umkhawulo ongaphezulu ongabekeka ngawo ungama-20 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa nakho kulimaza isitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwe-bud - ezimweni ezinjalo zingawa. futhi ngeke kube khona ukuqhakaza.
Okuyingozi kuma-azalea kanye nokuba seqenjini, nokho-ke, ukusakazwa kwesakhiwo ngezikhathi ezithile kumlungele. Lapho ukhulisa i-azalea efulethini ledolobha, kunconywa ukuthi uyikhiphe ehlobo uye kuvulandi oqondiswe enyakatho noma entshonalanga, kodwa hhayi eningizimu. Ebusika, kungcono ukugcina isitshalo kude kakhulu nemishini yokushisa ngangokunokwenzeka; izimo ezamukelekayo zinganikezwa yona kwi-balcony ecwebezelayo engafakwanga enokushisa okuphakathi. Uma uhlala endlini yezwe, indawo engcono kakhulu ye-azalea ingaba i-veranda epholile noma ithala.
Umswakama
I-azalea yasendlini idinga umswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ifuthwe njalo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba izimbali ziba mnyama ngamaconsi amanzi. Ungafafaza amanzi ngebhodlela lesifutho elicolekileyo elizungeze isitshalo, ubeke iziqukathi zamanzi eduze kwaso, noma ubeke ibhodwe ethreyini eline-sphagnum emanzi, ubumba olunwetshiwe noma amatshe.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela ngendlela efanele kungobunye ubunzima ekunakekeleni i-azalea yasendlini. Isitshalo sidinga inhlabathi emanzi, kodwa ngomswakama owedlulele, sithinteka ngokushesha ukubola kwezimpande. Ibhola lobumba kufanele lihlale limanzi kancane, ukomiswa kwalo akwamukeleki. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-azalea idinga ukuchelela okuningi kunokujwayelekile. Ngemva kokuchelela, amanzi asele epanini akhishwa ngokushesha.
Lapho inhlabathi isomile noma ekushiseni kwehlobo, isitsha esinegumbi le-azalea singafakwa esitsheni samanzi abandayo isikhashana. Abanye abalimi bakuthola kuwusizo ukushintshanisa lokhu kunisela okuphansi ngokunisela okuvamile unyaka wonke. Lapho ukhulela endlini, kuyasiza kakhulu ukusabalalisa izingcezu zeqhwa phansi ebhodweni esikhundleni sokunisela. I-Azalea ibekezelela ukubanda kahle, futhi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukuchelela ngamanzi apholile kunganxephezela ngokwengxenye okuqukethwe kwayo okufudumele kakhulu.
Amanzi okunisela i-azalea kufanele athambe, azinze kahle (okungenani izinsuku ezi-2 - 3) - ukungcola okuqukethwe emanzini kampompi kungalimaza isitshalo. I-lime iyingozi kakhulu kuye, ngoba ukuchelela ngamanzi e-lime kunciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi. Isitshalo asizwani kahle ne-chlorine. Cishe kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 - 14, amaconsi ambalwa kalamula angafakwa emanzini ukuze kuniselwe - lokhu kusiza ukugcina inhlabathi edingekayo ye-pH futhi kunomthelela ekuqhakazeni okuningi kwe-azalea.
umquba
Ama-azaleas angaphakathi afaneleka kuphela kumanyolo okhethekile we-azaleas, ama-rhododendron nama-camellias, okungcono asesimweni esiwuketshezi. Abalimi be-Azalea kwesinye isikhathi batusa ukusebenzisa umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokuhluma, kepha kunzima kumlimi osanda kuzalwa ukuthi anqume ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso ezibhekwa njengezilungile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenqaba ukuzama.
Ukudla
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, umanyolo usetshenziswa kanye nokunisela kanye ngesonto ngomthamo okhonjiswe emiyalweni. Ebusika, ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswa kancane kakhulu - isikhathi esingu-1 evikini elingu-1.
Ukunciphisa
Ukwakheka kwesihlahla esihle esiminyene egumbini le-azalea kungenzeka kuphela ngokuthenwa okuvamile, okulungile.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-azalea isiphelile, izimbali kufanele zisuswe, futhi amahlumela afinyezwe ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthenwa kwezihlahla okuhlanzekile kwenziwa: wonke amahlumela omisiwe, abuthakathaka futhi angenazimbali ayanqunywa.
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho amahlumela amancane evela esihlahleni, ancipha phezulu. Kunconywa ukuthi ucindezele amahlumela kuyo yonke inkathi, kuze kube yilapho kuvela amahlumela esitshalweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuqapha ukubukeka kwamahlumela eduze kwe-flower buds futhi uwasuse ngokucophelela. Ukwengeza ukuqhakaza kwe-azalea yegumbi, izimbali ezibunayo zisitshulwa eyodwa ngesikhathi.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwegumbi azalea ekhaya
Ama-azaleas angaphakathi asakazwa ngokusikwa kwe-semi-ligified. Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuwasakaza ekhaya: inqubo ngokwayo ilula, kodwa ayinikezi njalo imiphumela. Ama-cuttings anqunywa ehlobo avela amahlumela amancane okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6 ubudala, isiqu sawo esisanda kuqala ukukhanya. Ukusika kufanele kube ngu-7-10 cm ubude futhi kube namapheya amaningana amaqabunga. Inqunywa ngokunganaki ngommese ohlanzekile, obukhali, amaqabunga ayasuswa, kusale abambalwa abaphezulu kuphela. Ingxenye engezansi ye-cuttings i-powder ne-Kornevin futhi itshalwe ekujuleni kuka-2 - 3 cm enhlabathini ye-azaleas noma ingxube yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat 1: 1. I-substrate imanziswe kahle, isitsha simbozwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo. futhi igcinwe endaweni efudumele emazingeni okushisa angama-24 – 25 ° C. Njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ukutshala kushaywa umoya, inhlabathi igcinwa inomswakama, kodwa ingabi manzi. Ama-flower buds angase avele kuma-cuttings - kufanele asuswe ngokushesha.
Ukuhluma kwezimpande kuvame ukuthatha izinyanga eziyi-1,5 - 2, uphawu lokuthi lokhu sekwenzekile ukuvela kwamahlumela amancane. Ngemuva kokuqothula, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa, ama-cuttings akhule kancane futhi ahlaliswe ezitsheni ezihlukene.
Isihlahla se-azalea esikhule ngaphakathi singasakazwa ngokuhlukaniswa, kepha lena kuyindlela eyingozi kakhulu: uhlelo lwempande lwe-azalea luntekenteke kakhulu futhi luyazwela, ngakho isitshalo singase singakubekezeleli ukuphazamiseka.
Igumbi lokufakelwa kwe-Azalea ekhaya
Ama-azalea angaphakathi atshalwa kabusha kuphela ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lapho imbali isesikhathini sokulala. Izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukutshalwa kabusha kanye ngonyaka. Lapho ifinyelela iminyaka engu-1 - 3, i-azalea itshalwa kabusha njalo eminyakeni emi-4 noma ngaphansi.
Isibonakaliso sokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokubuyisela imbali ye-azalea izimpande eziphuma emigodini yokukhipha amanzi ebhodweni noma ebonakalayo ngaphezu komhlabathi. Kudingeka ukufakelwa i-azalea yangaphakathi ngokucophelela: njengoba sekushiwo kakade, izimpande zesitshalo zibuthakathaka futhi zonakaliswa kalula, futhi uhlelo lwempande ngokwalo lukha phezulu futhi aluhlali lujulile. Lapho utshala i-azalea, ibhola lobumba alibhujiswa, izimpande azikambulwa.
Isitsha esisha se-azalea kufanele sibe sikhulu kancane kunendala (ngo-2 - 3 cm), ungqimba lokudonsa amanzi kufanele lubekwe phansi. I-Azaleas ifakwa ebhodweni elisha ukuze intamo yezimpande ibe sezingeni elifanayo nangaphambili. Umhlabathi uthululelwa ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokunyathela, kodwa ucindezela kancane ngeminwe yakho.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, i-azalea iyaniselwa, uma kunesidingo, inhlabathi ifakwa phezulu uma izinzile.
Izifo ze-Azalea
Isikhunta esimpunga. Iziveza ngesimo samachashazi abolile emaqabunga namahlumela, imvamisa enombala ompunga “wevelvety”. Izicubu ezithintekile ziyathamba futhi ziyafa, ekugcineni sonke isitshalo siyafa. Isizathu sokubonakala kokubola okumpunga ukunakekelwa okungalungile nokunisela okungafanele.
Ukuze ukwelashwa, zonke izingxenye ezibolile zesitshalo ziyasuswa, inhlabathi ebhodweni iyomiswa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwelapha isitshalo nomhlabathi ngamalungiselelo esikhunta angenayo i-chlorine kanye nomcako - lokhu kungaba i-Fitosporin-M noma i-Fitolavin biologics noma isikhunta samakhemikhali jikelele, isibonelo, i-Fundazol (5).
Ukubola kwezimpande. Ngokuvamile kuvela ngenxa yokuchelela ngokweqile kanye nokuma kwamanzi ebhodweni noma epanini. Amaqabunga abuna kuso sonke isitshalo, amahlumela abe buthakathaka futhi angalenga futhi alale phansi. Isizathu esiqondile senkinga singanqunywa kuphela ngokususa isitshalo ebhodweni: izimpande ezimnyama, ezi-slimy, ezitholakala kalula ziyabonakala.
Ukuze usindise i-azalea, izimpande ezinjalo ziyasuswa, uhlelo lwempande lufakwe kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma ukulungiswa kwe-fungicidal, bese isitshalo sidluliselwa enhlabathini entsha. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngesikhathi, amathuba e-azalea okusinda ekuboleni kwezimpande mancane.
I-Fitoftoroz. Isifo esiyingozi segumbi azalea, elingalapheki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimpawu zokuqala amabala ansundu anomngcele okhanyayo emaqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziyanda, izingxenye zesitshalo ziqala ukufa.
Kungenzeka ukusindisa igumbi le-azalea eligule ngokulimaza sekwephuzile ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izingxenye ezithintekile ziyasuswa, isitshalo siphathwa ngama-fungicides (Consento, Revus, Ordan (5)) bese sitshalwa emhlabathini omusha.
I-Chlorosis. Amaqabunga aphenduka abaphaphathekile futhi ashintshe umbala kuqala phakathi kwemithambo, bese kulo lonke ipuleti leqabunga, ome bese uyafa. Imbangela yalesi sifo akusona isifo, kodwa i-acidity enganele yomhlabathi. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, lapho uchelela ngamanzi angenalutho noma aqinile kakhulu.
Inkinga ixazululwa ngokungeza ijusi kalamula noma i-citric acid emanzini okunisela; ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lesi sitshalo kuzodingeka sitshalwe kabusha enhlabathini entsha ene-acidity eyanele.
Izinambuzane ze-Azalea
Imbali ye-azalea yasendlini ithintwa izinambuzane ezifanayo njengezinye izitshalo zasendlini: izibungu zesicabucabu, izinambuzane zesikali, ama-aphid, ama-whiteflies nama-thrips.
Uma kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa, ukugeza isitshalo ngensipho eluhlaza kusiza, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungasebenzisa insipho yasendlini. Inqubo iphindaphindiwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 nokuphumula kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu yi-aphid noma izimpukane ezimhlophe, isitshalo singelashwa nge-Actellik noma i-Fitoverm; I-Aktara inconywa ngezibungu zesicabucabu, izinambuzane zesikali nama-thrips (5). Uma i-azalea iqhakaza ngalesi sikhathi, izimbali kuzodingeka zenziwe umhlatshelo: ngemuva kokufafaza ngamalungiselelo, zizolahlekelwa umphumela wazo wokuhlobisa.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Sikhulume ngezici zokukhula kwe-azaleas isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova.
Imithombo ye
- I-Rhododendron simsii // Uhlu Lwezitshalo http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2427105
- I-Rhododendron obtusum // Uhlu Lwezitshalo http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-12303064
- I-Visyashcheva LV, i-Sokolova TA Industrial floriculture. Incwadi yezikole zobuchwepheshe // M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 - 368 p.
- I-Azalea Society of America https://www.azaleas.org/
- Ikhathalogi yesifundazwe yezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ezolimo avunyelwe ukuthi asetshenziswe endaweni ye-Federation kusukela ngomhla ka-6 Julayi 2021 // Umnyango Wezolimo Wenhlangano https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/imboni-ulwazi/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/