I-autumn honey agaric (Armillaria mellea; Armillaria borealis) isithombe nencazelo

I-autumn honey agaric (Armillaria mellea; Armillaria borealis)

• I-agaric yoju lwangempela
• Uju lwamakhowe
• I-agaric yoju
• I-honey agaric enyakatho

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I-autumn honey agaric ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezicishe zingabonakali ngokubukeka, lezi yi-autumn honey agaric (Armillaria mellea), kanye ne-northern autumn agaric (Armillaria borealis). Lesi sihloko sichaza zombili lezi zinhlobo ngesikhathi esisodwa.

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• Honey mushroom ekwindla
• I-Agaricus melleus
• I-Armillariella mellea
• Omphalia mellea
• Omphalia var. uju
• Agaricites melleus
• I-Lepiota mellea
• I-Clitocybe mellea
• I-Armillariella olivacea
• I-sulphurous agaric
• I-Agaricus versicolor
• I-Stropharia versicolor
• I-Geophila versicolor
• I-fungus versicolor

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• I-honey agaric autumn enyakatho

ikhanda ububanzi 2-9 (kufika ku-12 ku-O. enyakatho, kufika ku-15 ku-O. honey) cm, okuguquguqukayo kakhulu, i-convex, bese i-flat-prostrate enemiphetho egobile, enokucindezeleka okuyisicaba phakathi nendawo, bese imiphetho ye-cap ingagoba. Uhlu lombala lombala lubanzi ngokwedlulele, ngokwesilinganiso, luphuzi ngokunsundu, imibala ye-sepia, enezithunzi ezihlukene zamathoni aphuzi, awolintshi, omnqumo kanye nampunga, wamandla ahluke kakhulu. Isikhungo se-cap ngokuvamile sinombala omnyama kunomphetho, noma kunjalo, lokhu akubangelwa umbala we-cuticle, kodwa ngenxa yezilinganiso eziqinile. Izikali zincane, zinsundu, zinsundu noma zinombala ofana nesigqoko, ziyanyamalala ngokuya ngeminyaka. Ingxenye ye-spathe iminyene, iminyene, izwakele, imhlophe, iphuzi, noma ukhilimu, inamazenga amhlophe, aphuzi, aluhlaza okotshani-sulphur-ophuzi, abe nsundu, abe nsundu ngokukhula.

Umtfumbu imhlophe, izacile, i-fibrous. Iphunga limnandi, amakhowe. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ukunambitheka akukwazi ukubizwa, okujwayelekile, amakhowe, noma okune-astringent kancane, noma okukhumbuza ukunambitheka kweCamembert ushizi.

amarekhodi yehlela kancane esiqwini, emhlophe, bese kuba phuzi noma i-ocher-cream, bese kuba nsundu enamabala noma onsundu ngokugqwalile. Emapuletini, emonakalweni yizinambuzane, izindawo ezinsundu ziyisici, ama-caps avela phezulu, angakha iphethini yesici semisebe ye-radial ensundu.

i-spore powder mhlophe.

Impikiswano kuncane kakhulu, 7-9 x 4.5-6 µm.

Leg ukuphakama 6-10 (kufika ku-15 ku-O. honey) cm, ububanzi bufika ku-1,5 cm, i-cylindrical, ingaba nokuqina okumise okwe-spindle ukusuka ngezansi, noma ivele ishubile ngezansi ifike ku-2 cm, imibala nemibala amakepisi athe aphaphatheka. Umlenze unama-scaly kancane, izikali zizwakala-zithambile, ziyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kunama-rhizomorphs anamandla, afinyelela ku-3-5 mm, amnyama, ane-dichotomously branching angakha yonke inethiwekhi yobukhulu obukhulu futhi asakazeke ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, isiphunzi noma ukhuni olufile ukuya kwesinye.

Umehluko we-Interspecies I-O. enyakatho kanye ne-O. honey - I-agaric ye-honey ivinjelwe kakhulu ezifundeni eziseningizimu, futhi i-O. enyakatho, ngokulandelanayo, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zingatholakala ezindaweni ezipholile. Umehluko ocacile kuphela phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili yisici esincanyana - ukuba khona kwe-buckle esisekelweni se-basidia e-O. enyakatho, nokungabikho kwayo ku-O. honey. Lesi sici asitholakali ukuthi siqinisekiswe iningi labaqoki bamakhowe, ngakho-ke, zombili lezi zinhlobo zichazwe esihlokweni sethu.

Ithela izithelo kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla, ngokhuni lwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingaphansi komhlaba, ngamaqoqo kanye nemindeni, kuze kufike ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ungqimba oluyinhloko, njengomthetho, ludlula kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya kweyishumi lesithathu likaSeptemba, aluhlali isikhathi eside, izinsuku ezingu-5-7. Isikhathi esisele, i-fruiting iyindawo, kodwa-ke, inani elibalulekile lemizimba yezithelo lingatholakala ezindaweni ezinjalo zendawo. Isikhunta siyi-parasite eyingozi kakhulu emahlathini, sidlulela ezihlahleni eziphilayo, futhi sizibulale ngokushesha.

I-agaric yoju olumnyama (Armillaria ostoyae)

Ikhowe liphuzi ngombala. Izikali zayo zikhulu, zinsundu noma zimnyama, akunjalo nge-autumn honey agaric. Indandatho nayo iminyene, iwugqinsi.

I-honey agaric enemilenze emide (Armillaria gallica)

Kulolu hlobo, indandatho incane, iklebhuka, iyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi i-cap icishe imbozwe ngokulinganayo ngezikali ezinkulu. Emlenzeni, "izigaxa" eziphuzi zivame ukubonakala - izinsalela ze-bedspread. Uhlobo lukhula okhunini olulimele, olufile.

I-Bulbous mushroom (i-Armillaria cepistipes)

Kulolu hlobo, indandatho incane, idabukile, iyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengase-A.gallica, kodwa i-cap imbozwe ngezikali ezincane, igxilwe eduze nendawo, futhi i-cap ihlale inqunu ibheke emaphethelweni. Uhlobo lukhula okhunini olulimele, olufile. Futhi, lolu hlobo lungakhula emhlabathini ngezimpande zezitshalo ze-herbaceous, ezifana nama-strawberries, ama-strawberries, ama-peonies, ama-daylilies, njll., okungabandakanyi ezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo ezinendandatho yesiqu, zidinga izinkuni.

I-honey agaric enciphayo (Desarmillaria tatescens)

и Uju lwe-agaric social (Armillaria socialis) – Amakhowe awanayo indandatho. Ngokusho kwedatha yesimanje, ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-phylogenetic, lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezifanayo (futhi ngisho nohlobo olusha - i-Desarmillaria tabescens), kodwa okwamanje (2018) lokhu akuwona umbono owamukelwa ngokuvamile. Kuze kube manje, kukholakala ukuthi i-O. shrinking itholakala ezwenikazi laseMelika, kanye ne-O. social eYurophu nase-Asia.

Eminye imithombo ibonisa ukuthi amakhowe angadideka nezinhlobo ezithile zezikali (Pholiota spp.), Kanye nabameleli bohlobo lwe-Hypholoma (Hypholoma spp.) - sulphur-yellow, grey-pastoral kanye nezitini-red, ngisho nabanye. I-Galerinas (Galerina spp.). Ngokubona kwami, lokhu cishe akunakwenzeka ukukwenza. Okuwukuphela kokufana phakathi kwala makhowe ukuthi akhula ezindaweni ezifanayo.

Ikhowe elidliwayo. Ngokwemibono ehlukahlukene, kusukela ekunambithekeni okumaphakathi kuya cishe kokuwujuqu. I-pulp yaleli mushroom iminyene, ayigayeki kahle, ngakho-ke amakhowe adinga ukwelashwa okude, okungenani imizuzu engama-20-25. Kulokhu, amakhowe angaphekwa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokubilisa kokuqala nokukhipha umhluzi. Futhi, amakhowe angomiswa. Imilenze yamakhowe amancane idliwa njengama-caps, kodwa ngokukhula iba yi-woody fibrous, futhi lapho iqoqa amakhowe eminyaka yobudala, imilenze akufanele ithathwe ngokwehlukana.

Ividiyo mayelana nekwindla yamakhowe amakhowe:

Ngokombono wami siqu, lena ingenye yamakhowe angcono kakhulu, futhi ngihlale ngilinda ungqimba lwamakhowe ukuze luphume futhi ngizame ukuthola lawo anendandatho namanje angadatshuliwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho okunye okudingekayo, ngisho namhlophe! Ngiyathanda ukudla leli khowa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, kokubili okuthosiwe kanye nesobho, futhi okufakwe emanzini anosawoti kuyingoma nje! Yiqiniso, ukuqoqwa kwalawa makhowe kungaba yinto evamile, uma kungekho fruiting eningi, lapho ngokunyakaza okukodwa kommese ungaphonsa imizimba emine ye-fruiting kubhasikidi, kodwa lokhu kungaphezu kokukhokha ngokuhle kakhulu kwabo ( kimi) ukunambitha, kanye nokuthungwa okuhle kakhulu, okuqinile nokuqinile, amanye amakhowe amaningi azoba nomona.