I-Asperger's syndrome: konke okudingeka ukwazi ngalolu hlobo lwe-autism

I-Asperger's syndrome iwuhlobo lwe-autism engenakho ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ebonakala ngobunzima bokuqopha ulwazi oluvela endaweni yayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi abane-autism une-Asperger's syndrome.

Incazelo: yini i-Asperger's syndrome?

I-Asperger's Syndrome iwukuphazamiseka kokukhula kwemizwa (PDD) okugcwele kofuzo. Ingena esigabeni se izinkinga ze-autism spectrum, noma i-autism. I-Asperger's syndrome ayibandakanyi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo noma ukubambezeleka kolimi.

I-Asperger's syndrome yachazwa okokuqala ngo-1943 nguDkt Hans Asperger, udokotela wengqondo wase-Austrian, wabe esebikwa emphakathini wesayensi ngudokotela wezengqondo waseBrithani u-Lorna Wing ngo-1981. I-American Psychiatric Association nayo yasibona ngokusemthethweni lesi sifo ngo-1994.

Ngokuqondile, i-Asperger's syndrome ibonakala ngobunzima emqondweni womphakathi, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuxhumana ngamazwi nokungakhulumi, ukuxhumana komphakathi. Umuntu one-Asperger's syndrome, noma i-Aspie, une "Ukuphuphutheka kwengqondo" kwakho konke okuhlobene namakhodi omphakathi. Umuntu oyimpumputhe kumele afunde kanjani ukuzulazula emhlabeni angawuboni, I-Asperger's kumele ifunde amakhodi okuxhumana nabantu abangenawo ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kulo mhlaba angaqondi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenza komphakathi.

Qaphela ukuthi uma abanye bakwa-Asperger benesiphiwo, akunjalo kubo bonke, nakuba ngokuvamile banaso ephakeme kancane kune-avareji ye-intelligence quotient.

I-Asperger's syndrome kanye ne-autism yakudala: yini umehluko?

I-Autism ihlukaniswa ne-Asperger's syndrome ngokuthi ubuhlakani nolimi. Izingane ezine-Asperger's syndrome ngokuvamile azinakho ukubambezeleka kolimi noma ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Abanye abantu abanesifo sika-Asperger - kodwa hhayi bonke - ngezinye izikhathi baze banikwe amandla obuhlakani ahlaba umxhwele (okuvame ukuvezwa ezingeni lezibalo zengqondo noma ngekhanda).

Ngokusho kwenhlangano 'Izenzo ze-Asperger's Autism',''Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umuntu une-High Level Autism noma i-Asperger's syndrome, ngaphezu kwemibandela evame ukuhlonzwa ukuze kutholwe i-autism, i-intelligence quotient (IQ) yabo kufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-70."

Qaphela futhi ukuthi ukuqala kwezinkinga ezihlobene ne-Asperger kuvame ukuba kamuva lokho nge-autism nalokho umlando womndeni uvamile.

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-Asperger's syndrome?

Singafingqa izimpawu ze-Asperger's autism ezindaweni ezi-5 eziyinhloko:

• we ubunzima bokukhulumisana ngamazwi nokungakhulumi : ubunzima ekuqondeni imibono engaqondakali, indida, amagama emisho, incazelo engokomfanekiso, isingathekiso, isimo sobuso, ukuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi, ulimi ngokuvamile oluyigugu/oluphambene ...
• we ubunzima bokuhlalisana kwabantu : ukungakhululeki eqenjini, ubunzima bokuqonda imithetho nezimiso zenhlalo, ukubona izidingo nemizwelo yabanye, nokubona nokulawula imizwa yomuntu siqu ...
• we ukuphazamiseka kwe-neurosensory : ukuthinta okungajwayelekile, ukuthintana kwamehlo okungekuhle, isimo sobuso esivame ukuba yiqhwa, ubunzima bokubheka emehlweni, ukuqonda okuphakeme kwezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ukuzwela kakhulu umsindo noma ukukhanya, ukuhogela, ukungabekezelelani ukwakheka okuthile, ukuzwela imininingwane ...
• un isidingo sesimiso, okuholela ekuziphatheni okuphindaphindiwe nokungajwayelekile, nobunzima bokujwayela izinguquko nezenzakalo ezingalindelekile;
• we izithakazelo ezincane ngenani kanye / noma kunamandla kakhulu, izinkanuko ezikhulayo.

Qaphela ukuthi abantu abane-Asperger's autism, ngenxa yokwehluka kwabo mayelana nokukhulumisana kanye nomqondo womphakathi, baziwa ukwethembeka kwabo, ukungagwegwesi kwabo, ukwethembeka kwabo, ukungabi nalubandlululo nokunaka kwabo imininingwane, izimpahla eziningi ezingamukeleka ezindaweni eziningi. Kodwa lokhu kuhambisana nokuntula ukuqonda kwezinga lesibili, isidingo esinamandla sesimiso, ubunzima bokulalela nokuthula njalo, ukungabi nozwela kanye nobunzima bokulalela ingxoxo.

Ubunzima bokuxhumana nokuhlanganiswa komphakathi okutholwa abantu abane-Asperger's syndrome ngakho-ke kungakhubaza futhi kuholela ekukhathazekeni, ukuhoxa, ukuzihlukanisa nomphakathi, ukucindezeleka, ngisho nokuzama ukuzibulala ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwe-a ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, ngokuvamile etholwa njengempumuzo kumuntu ngokwakhe nakulabo abasondelene naye.

I-Asperger's syndrome kwabesifazane: izimpawu ngokuvamile azibonakali

Ukuxilonga i-autism spectrum disorder, noma ngabe kunjalo noma cha I-Asperger Syndrome, odokotela nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo bangathola usizo kunoma yikuphi uchungechunge lwezivivinyo kanye nohlu lwemibuzo. Babheka ubukhona bokuziphatha nezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla. Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zimpawu zingamakwa kakhulu kuye ngomuntu ngamunye, futhi ikakhulukazi emantombazaneni nakwabesifazane.

Ucwaningo oluningana luvame ukukhombisa lokho amantombazane ane-autism noma i-Asperger's disease kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuwaxilonga kunabafana. Ngaphandle kwethu nokho sazi kahle ukuthi kungani, mhlawumbe ngezizathu zemfundo noma zebhayoloji, amantombazane ane-autism kanye ne-Asperger's use more amasu okulingisa umphakathi. Babezoba nomuzwa obukhali wokubuka kunabafana, bese bephumelela “Lingisa” abanye, ukulingisa ukuziphatha komphakathi okungajwayelekile kubo. Amantombazane anesifo sika-Asperger aphinde afihle amasiko nemibono engaguquki kangcono kunabafana.

Ngakho-ke, ubunzima bokuxilongwa bungakhula kakhulu ebusweni bentombazane ephethwe i-Asperger's syndrome, kangangokuthi abanye abakwa-Asperger batholakala sekwephuzile kakhulu, lapho sebekhulile.

I-Asperger's syndrome: yikuphi ukwelashwa ngemuva kokuxilongwa?

Ukuze uhlole i-Asperger's syndrome, kungcono ukuthintana no-a I-CRA, Isikhungo Sezinsiza Ze-Autism. Kukhona eyodwa esifundeni ngasinye esikhulu saseFrance, futhi le ndlela ihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi (abelaphi benkulumo, abelaphi be-psychomotor, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo njll.), okwenza kube lula ukuxilongwa.

Uma sekwenziwe ukuhlonzwa kwe-Asperger, ingane ingalandelwa umelaphi wezinkulumo kanye/noma umelaphi, onguchwepheshe be-autism spectrum disorders, okungcono kakhulu. Umelaphi wokukhuluma uzosiza ingane ukuba baqonde ubuhlakani bolimi, ikakhulukazi ngokwesiyalo, izinkulumo, umbono wemizwa, njll.

Ngokuqondene nomelaphi, uzosiza ingane nge-Asperger funda amakhodi omphakathi okushodayo, ikakhulukazi nge izimo. Ukunakekelwa kungenziwa ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye noma leqembu, inketho yesibili ibe yinto engokoqobo yokudala kabusha izimo zansuku zonke ingane ebhekene nazo noma ezobhekana nazo (isb: inkundla yokudlala, amapaki, imidlalo, njll.).

Ingane enesifo sika-Asperger empeleni izokwazi ukulandela imfundo evamile ngaphandle kwenkinga. Ukusebenzisa a ukwesekwa kwempilo yesikole (AVS) nokho ingaba yinhlanganisela yokubasiza bahlanganise kangcono esikoleni.

Ungayisiza kanjani ingane ene-Asperger's syndrome ukuthi ihlanganise?

Abazali abaningi bangakwazi ukuzisiza uma kuziwa enganeni ene-Asperger's autism. Icala, ukungabi namandla, ukungaqondi, ukuvalelwa yedwa kwengane ukugwema izimo ezingakhululekile… Ziningi izimo, izimo zengqondo nemizwa njengabazali bezingane Aspie ngezinye izikhathi ukwazi.

Ukubhekana nengane enesifo sika-Asperger, umusa nokubekezela zihlelekile. Ingane ingase ibe nokuhlaselwa kokukhathazeka noma iziqephu ezicindezelayo ezimweni zomphakathi lapho engazi ukuthi kufanele aziphathe kanjani. Kukubazali ukumsekela kulokhu kufunda unomphela kwezinkambiso zomphakathi, kodwa nasezingeni lesikole, ngokubonisa ukuguquguquka.

Ukufunda amakhodi omphakathi kungadlula ngokuphawulekayo imidlalo yomndeni, ithuba lokuthi ingane ifunde ukuziphatha ezimweni eziningana, kodwa futhi ifunde ukulahlekelwa, ukuyeka isikhathi sayo, ukudlala njengeqembu, njll.

Uma ingane ene-Asperger's inkanuko edlayo, isb eGibhithe lasendulo, i-chess, imidlalo yevidiyo, imivubukulo, kungase kube umqondo omuhle sebenzisa leli thuba lokumsiza ukuba akhe umbuthano wabangane, isibonelo ngokubhalisela iklabhu. Kukhona ngisho namakamu ehlobo anetimu yokukhuthaza izingane ukuthi zihlanganyele ngaphandle kwesikole.