I-Asbestosis yisifo esingelapheki samaphaphu (i-pulmonary fibrosis) esibangelwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emiculweni ye-asbestos.

I-Asbestos iyi-hydrated yemvelo ye-calcium ne-magnesium silicate. Ichazwa ngeqoqo lezinhlobonhlobo ze-fibrous zamaminerali athile. I-asbestos yayisetshenziswa kaningi emsebenzini wokwakha nasembonini yezokwakha kwaze kwaba ngu-1997.

I-asbestos imele ingozi yezempilo uma ilimele, iqoshiwe noma ibhobozwa, okuholela ekwakhekeni kothuli oluqukethe imicu ye-asbestos. Lawa angahogela abantu abadaluliwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela abe umthombo wemithelela yezempilo.

Lapho uthuli luhogelwa, le micu ye-asbestos ifinyelela emaphashini futhi ingabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke lolu thuli oluhlanganisa imicu ye-asbestos luyingozi kumuntu oxhumene nalo. (1)

Ukuze i-asbestosis ithuthuke, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside enanini eliphezulu lemicu ye-asbestos kuyadingeka.

Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside enanini elibalulekile lemicu ye-asbestos, nokho, akuyona ukuphela kwesici esiyingozi sokuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimbela ukuchayeka kwabantu kule silicate yemvelo kubalulekile ukuze ugweme noma iyiphi ingozi yokuthuthuka kwe-pathology. (1)

Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuvuvukala kwezicubu zamaphaphu.

Kuyisifo esingenakulungiseka ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwelaphayo okwenziwe.

Izimpawu eziphawulekayo ze-asbestosis wukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuphefumula ngokushesha nobuhlungu besifuba.

Le pathology ingathinta impilo yansuku zonke yesiguli futhi ibangele izinkinga ezithile. Lezi zinkinga zingabulala kulowo othintekayo. (3)

Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside enanini elikhulu lezinhlayiya eziqukethe imicu ye-asbestos kungaholela ku-asbestosis.

Uma kwenzeka ukukhula kwe-asbestosis, le micu ingadala umonakalo emaphashini (fibrosis) futhi iholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezimpawu ezithile zesici: (1)

- ukuphelelwa umoya okungase kubonakale ngemva kokusebenza ngokomzimba ekuqaleni bese kuthuthuka kancane kancane ngomzuzwana;

- ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo;

- ukuphefumula;

- ukukhathala okukhulu;

- ubuhlungu besifuba;

– ukuvuvukala eminweni.

Ukuxilongwa kwamanje kwabantu abane-asbestosis kuvame ukuxhunyaniswa nokuchayeka okungapheli nokunesikhathi eside emiculweni ye-asbestos. Ngokuvamile, ukuchayeka kuhlobene nendawo yokusebenza yomuntu ngamunye.

Abantu abanalolu hlobo lwezimpawu abaye babhekana ne-asbestos esikhathini esidlule bayelulekwa ngokuqinile ukuthi babonane nodokotela wabo ukuze bathole lesi sifo.

I-Asbestosis yisifo esiba khona ngemva kokuchayeka kaningi enanini elikhulu lemicu ye-asbestos.

Ukuchayeka ngokuvamile kwenzeka endaweni yokusebenza yesifundo. Imikhakha ethile yomsebenzi ingase ithikamezeke kakhulu lo mkhuba. I-asbestos yasetshenziswa isikhathi eside emikhakheni yokwakha, yokwakha kanye nokumba izimbiwa. (1)

Ngaphakathi kwento ephilayo enempilo, ngesikhathi sokuxhumana nomzimba wangaphandle (lapha, ngesikhathi sokuhogela uthuli oluqukethe imicu ye-asbestos), amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba (ama-macrophages) enza kube nokwenzeka ukulwa nawo. kanye nokuwuvimbela ukuba ungangeni egazini nasezithweni ezithile ezibalulekile (amaphaphu, inhliziyo, njll.).

Endabeni yokuhogela imicu ye-asbestos, ama-macrophage anobunzima obukhulu ekuwakhipheni emzimbeni. Ngokufuna ukuhlasela nokubhubhisa imicu ye-asbestos ehogeliwe, ama-macrophage alimaza i-alveoli yamaphaphu (izikhwama ezincane ezikhona emaphashini). Lezi zilonda ze-alveolar ezibangelwa isimiso sokuzivikela somzimba ziwuphawu lwalesi sifo.

Lawa ma-alveoli anendima ebalulekile ekudluliselweni komoyampilo emzimbeni. Bavumela ukungena komoya-mpilo egazini kanye nokukhululwa kwe-carbon dioxide.

Esimweni lapho i-alveoli ilimale noma ilimele, le nqubo yokulawula amagesi emzimbeni iyathinteka futhi izimpawu ze-atypical zivela: ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula, njll. (1)

Ezinye izimpawu nezifo eziqondile zingase futhi zihlotshaniswe ne-asbestosis, njenge: (2)

- ukubalwa kwe-pleura eyenza ama-pleural plaques (ukuqoqwa kwama-lime deposits kulwelwesi olumboze amaphaphu);

– i-mesothelium eyingozi (umdlavuza we-pleura) ongakhula eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-40 ngemva kokuchayeka okungapheli emicu ye-asbestos;

- i-pleural effusion, okuwukuba khona koketshezi ngaphakathi kwe-pleura;

– umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ubunzima besifo buhlobene ngokuqondile nesikhathi sokuchayeka emiculweni ye-asbestos kanye nenani lalokhu okuhogeliwe. Izimpawu ezithile ze-asbestosis ngokuvamile zivela cishe eminyakeni emi-2 ngemva kokuchayeka emicu ye-asbestos. (XNUMX)

Izici zamanje zokulawula zenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kwabantu ku-asbestos ngokulawula, ukwelashwa nokuqapha, ikakhulukazi ukufakwa okudala. Ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-asbestos emkhakheni wezokwakha kuyisihloko somthetho osukela ngo-1996.

Isici esiyingozi esikhulu sokuthuthukisa i-asbestosis ukuchayeka okungapheli (isikhathi eside) enanini elikhulu lezintuli ezinemicu ye-asbestos. Ukuchayeka kwenzeka ngokuhogela izinhlayiya ezincane eziwuthuli, ukonakala kwezakhiwo, ukukhishwa kwamaminerali, nokunye okunjalo.

Ukubhema kuyisici esengeziwe sobungozi ekuthuthukisweni kwalesi sifo. (2)

Isigaba sokuqala sokuxilongwa kwe-asbestosis ukubonisana nodokotela ojwayelekile, okwathi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakhe, uyaqaphela ukuba khona endabeni yezimpawu ze-atypical zesifo.

Ngokumelene nesizinda salesi sifo esithinta amaphaphu, lapho kutholakala ukuthi une-stethoscope, akhipha umsindo ogqagqeneyo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlonza okuhlukile kuchazwa yizimpendulo emlandweni wezimo zokusebenza zesifundo, esikhathini esingase sibe khona sokuchayeka ku-asbestos, njll. (1)

Uma kusolwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-asbestosis, ukubonisana ne-pulmonologist kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa. Ukuhlonzwa kwezilonda zamaphaphu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa: (1)

– i-x-ray yamaphaphu ukuze kutholwe ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo samaphaphu;

– i-computed tomography yamaphaphu (CT). Le ndlela yokubona ngeso lengqondo inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi yamaphaphu, i-pleura (i-membrane ezungeze amaphaphu) kanye ne-pleural cavity. I-CT scan igqamisa ukungajwayelekile okusobala emaphashini.

- ukuhlolwa kwe-pulmonary kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola umthelela wokulimala emaphashini, ukucacisa umthamo womoya oqukethwe ku-alveoli yamaphaphu futhi ube nombono wokuhamba komoya ovela kulwelwesi lwamaphaphu. amaphaphu emgudwini wegazi.

Kuze kube manje, akukho ukwelashwa okwelapha lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindlela zikhona ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela ye-pathology, ukunciphisa izimpawu futhi kuthuthukise impilo yansuku zonke yeziguli.

Njengoba ugwayi uyisici esengeziwe sobungozi bokuthuthukisa lesi sifo kanye nesici esiba sibi kakhulu sezimpawu, iziguli ezibhemayo zituswa ngokuqinile ukuba ziyeke ukubhema. Kulokhu, izixazululo zikhona njengezokwelapha noma izidakamizwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kukhona i-asbestosis, amaphaphu oxoxwayo azwela kakhulu futhi asengozini enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo.

Ngakho-ke kuyatuseka ukuthi isiguli sibe nolwazi lwakamuva ngemigomo yaso ephathelene ikakhulukazi nama-ejenti abhekene nomkhuhlane noma inyumoniya. (1)

Ezinhlotsheni ezinzima zesifo, umzimba wesifundo awusakwazi ukwenza kahle imisebenzi ethile ebalulekile. Ngalo mqondo, ukwelashwa komoyampilo kungase kunconywe uma izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini liphansi kunokujwayelekile.

Ngokuvamile, iziguli ezine-asbestosis azizuzi ekwelashweni okuqondile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esimweni sokuba khona kwezinye izimo zamaphaphu, njengeChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), imithi ingase inqunywe.

Izimo ezinzima kakhulu zingase futhi zizuze emithini efana nemithamo emincane ye-morphine ukunciphisa ukuphefumula nokukhwehlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela emibi (imiphumela emibi) kule mithamo emincane ye-morphine ibonakala ivame ukubonakala: ukuqunjelwa, imiphumela ye-laxative, njll. (1)

Ngokombono wokuvimbela, abantu abahlale bevezwe isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 kumele bahlolwe nge-radiographic yamaphaphu njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 ukuze kutholwe noma yiziphi izifo ezihambisana nazo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa kakhulu noma ukuyeka ukubhema kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. (2)