Ungakwazi ukwanelisa ukulamba okulula cishe nganoma yikuphi ukudla, kodwa ukulangazelela okuthile ngokukhethekile kungasilungisa emkhiqizweni othile kuze kube yilapho sesikwazile ukuwudla ekugcineni.
Abaningi bethu bayazi ukuthi kunjani ukuba nezifiso zokudla. Ngokuvamile, izifiso zenzeka ngokudla okuphezulu kwekhalori, ngakho-ke zihlotshaniswa nokuzuza kwesisindo kanye nokwanda kwenkomba yesisindo somzimba.
Kukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi ukunxanela ukudla kuyindlela yemizimba yethu yokusikhomba ukuthi sishoda ngesakhi esithile, kanti uma kwenzeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuhalela kukhombisa ukuthi umntwana udingani. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela?
Iningi locwaningo likhombisile ukuthi ukulangazelela ukudla kungaba nezimbangela eziningi - futhi ikakhulukazi ezengqondo.
isimo samasiko
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, usosayensi waseRussia u-Ivan Pavlov waqaphela ukuthi izinja zilinda ukuphathwa ngokuphendula okuthile okuhambisana nesikhathi sokudla. Ochungechungeni lwezivivinyo ezidumile, uPavlov wafundisa izinja ukuthi umsindo wensimbi wawusho isikhathi sokudla.
Ngokuka-John Apolzan, umsizi kaprofesa wokudla okunempilo emtholampilo kanye ne-metabolism e-Pennington Center for Biomedical Research, izifiso eziningi zokudla zingachazwa indawo okuyo.
“Uma uhlezi udla ama-popcorn uma uqala ukubuka uhlelo lukamabonakude olukhonzile, inkanuko yakho izokhula uma usuqala ukuyibuka,” usho kanje.
U-Anna Konova, umqondisi we-Addiction and Decision Neuroscience Laboratory e-Rutgers University eNew Jersey, uphawula ukuthi izifiso ezimnandi zaphakathi nosuku cishe zenzeka uma usemsebenzini.
Ngakho, izifiso ngokuvamile zibangelwa izimpawu ezithile zangaphandle, hhayi ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wethu ufuna okuthile.
Ushokoledi ungenye yezifiso ezivame kakhulu eNtshonalanga, esekela ingxabano yokuthi ukufisa akubangelwa ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, njengoba ushokoledi ungenalo inani elikhulu lalezo zakhi zomsoco esingase sibe nazo.
Kuvame ukuphikiswana ngokuthi ushokoledi uyinto evamile yokufiswa ngoba uqukethe amanani aphezulu e-phenylethylamine, i-molecule ebonisa ubuchopho ukuthi bukhulule amakhemikhali anenzuzo i-dopamine ne-serotonin. Kodwa okunye ukudla okuningi esingakufisi kaningi, okuhlanganisa nobisi, kuqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwale molekyuli. Futhi, lapho sidla ushokoledi, ama-enzyme aphula i-phenylethylamine ukuze ingangeni ebuchosheni ngamanani abalulekile.
Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kabili okufisa ushokoledi kunamadoda, futhi ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Futhi nakuba ukulahlekelwa igazi kungandisa ingozi yokuntuleka okuthile kwezakhi, njengensimbi, ososayensi baphawula ukuthi ushokoledi ngeke ubuyisele amazinga okusansimbi ngokushesha njengenyama ebomvu noma imifino enamaqabunga amnyama.
Umuntu angaqagela ukuthi uma kunomphumela oqondile wamahomoni obangela ukulangazelela ushokoledi ngokwebhayoloji ngesikhathi noma ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini, lokho kulangazelela bekuzokwehla ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Kodwa ucwaningo olulodwa lwathola ukwehla okuncane kuphela kokusabalala kwezifiso zikashokoledi kwabesifazane abangemva kokuya esikhathini.
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-PMS nezifiso zikashokoledi kuyisiko. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi abesifazane abazalelwa ngaphandle kwase-US babemancane kakhulu amathuba okuba bahlobanise izifiso zikashokoledi nomjikelezo wabo wokuya esikhathini futhi babe nezifiso zikashokoledi izikhathi ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abazalelwa e-US kanye nezifiki zesizukulwane sesibili.
Abacwaningi baphikisa ngokuthi abesifazane bangase bahlobanise ushokoledi nokuya esikhathini ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi kwamukelekile ngokwesiko ukuba badle ukudla “okunqatshelwe” ngesikhathi nangaphambi kokuya esikhathini. Ngokusho kwabo, kukhona “ubuhle obucashile” bobuhle besifazane esikweni laseNtshonalanga obudala umbono wokuthi ukulangazelela ushokoledi okunamandla kufanele kube nesizathu esinamandla.
Esinye isihloko sithi ukunxanela ukudla kuhlotshaniswa nemizwa engaqondakali noma ukungezwani phakathi kwesifiso sokudla kanye nesifiso sokulawula ukudla. Lokhu kudala isimo esinzima, njengoba ukulangazelela ukudla okunamandla kubhebhezelwa imizwa engemihle.
Uma labo abalinganisela ekudleni ukuze banciphise isisindo banelise izifiso ngokudla ukudla abakufunayo, baphatheka kabi ngenxa yokucabanga ukuthi baphule umthetho wokudla.
Kuyaziwa ocwaningweni nasekuhlolweni komtholampilo ukuthi isimo sengqondo esibi singandisa kuphela ukudla komuntu futhi kubangele ngisho nokudla ngokweqile. Le modeli ayihlangene kangako nesidingo sebhayoloji sokudla noma ukulamba ngokomzimba. Kunalokho, iyimithetho esiyibekayo ngokudla nemiphumela yokuyiphula.
Ucwaningo lubonisa nokuthi nakuba ukuluthwa ushokoledi kuyinto evamile emazweni aseNtshonalanga, akuvamile neze emazweni amaningi aseMpumalanga. Kukhona futhi umehluko endleleni izinkolelo eziphathelene nokudla okuhlukahlukene ezidluliselwa futhi ziqondwe ngayo—izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu kuphela zezilimi ezinegama elisho ukulangazelela, futhi ezimweni eziningi lelo gama libhekisela kuphela ezidakamizweni, hhayi ukudla.
Ngisho nakulezo zilimi ezinezifaniso zegama elithi “ukunxanela”, akukabi khona ukuvumelana ngokuthi kuyini. U-Konova ugomela ngokuthi lokhu kuphazamisa ukuqonda indlela yokunqoba izifiso, njengoba singalebula izinqubo eziningana ezihlukene njengezifiso.
Ukuphathwa kwama-microbes
Kunobufakazi bokuthi izigidigidi zamagciwane emizimbeni yethu zingasenza sifise futhi sidle ezikudingayo—futhi akukhona njalo okudingwa imizimba yethu.
“Ama-Microbes anakekela izithakazelo zawo. Futhi bayakwazi,” kusho u-Athena Aktipis, umsizi kaprofesa wezengqondo e-Arizona State University.
“Amagciwane asemathunjini, aphila kangcono kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, angakwazi ukumelana nesizukulwane esisha ngasinye. Banethuba lokuziphendukela kwemvelo lokukwazi ukusithonya ngokwengeziwe ukuze basenze sondle ngokwezifiso zabo,” kusho yena.
Amagciwane ahlukene emathunjini ethu akhetha izindawo ezihlukene—ngokwesibonelo, ezine-asidi eningi noma encane—futhi esikudlayo kuthinta i-ecosystem emathunjini kanye nezimo amagciwane ahlala kuzo. Bangasenza sidle abakufunayo ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene.
Zingathumela amasignali zisuka emathunjini ziye ebuchosheni nge-vagus nerve futhi zisenze sizizwe kabi uma singadli ngokwanele into ethile, noma zisenze sizizwe simnandi lapho sidla ezikufunayo ngokukhulula ama-neurotransmitters afana ne-dopamine. kanye ne-serotonin. Bangakwazi futhi ukusebenza ngokunambitha kwethu ukuze sidla ukudla okuthile.
Ososayensi abakakwazi ukuthwebula le nqubo, kusho u-Actipis, kodwa umqondo usekelwe ekuqondeni kwabo indlela amagciwane aziphatha ngayo.
"Kunombono wokuthi i-microbiome iyingxenye yethu, kodwa uma unesifo esithathelwanayo, vele uzothi amagciwane ahlasela umzimba wakho, futhi awayona ingxenye yawo," kusho u-Aktipis. "Umzimba wakho ungathathwa yi-microbiome embi."
"Kodwa uma udla ukudla okunama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-fiber, uzoba ne-microbiome ehlukahlukene emzimbeni wakho," kusho u-Aktipis. "Uma kunjalo, ukusabela kweketanga kufanele kuqale: ukudla okunempilo kuzala i-microbiome enempilo, ekwenza ulangazelele ukudla okunempilo."
Indlela yokuqeda izifiso
Izimpilo zethu zigcwele izinto ezidala ukunxanela ukudla, njengezikhangiso zenkundla yezokuxhumana nezithombe, futhi akulula ukuzigwema.
“Lapho sihamba khona sibona izikhangiso zemikhiqizo enoshukela omningi futhi kulula ukuyithola. Lokhu kuhlasela okuqhubekayo kokukhangisa kuthinta ubuchopho - futhi iphunga lale mikhiqizo lidala ukufisa ngayo, ”kusho u-Avena.
Njengoba indlela yokuphila yasemadolobheni ingakuvumeli ukugwema zonke lezi zimbangela, abacwaningi bafunda ukuthi singayinqoba kanjani imodeli yokulangazelela okunesimo ngokusebenzisa amasu okuqonda.
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi amasu okuqeqesha ukunaka, njengokuqaphela izifiso nokugwema ukwahlulela leyo micabango, angasiza ekunciphiseni izifiso jikelele.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokunqanda izifiso iwukuqeda ukudla okubangela izifiso ekudleni kwethu-ngokuphambene nokucabangela ukuthi sifisa lokho okudingwa umzimba wethu.
Abacwaningi benze uhlolo lweminyaka emibili lapho banqumela abahlanganyeli be-300 ngamunye ukudla okukodwa kwezine ezinamafutha ahlukahlukene, amaprotheni, nama-carbohydrate futhi bakala izifiso zabo zokudla nokudla abakudlayo. Lapho abahlanganyeli beqala ukudla kancane ukudla okuthile, babekulangazelela kancane.
Abacwaningi bathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulangazelela, abantu kufanele bamane bakudle kancane ukudla abakufunayo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi izinkumbulo zethu ngalokho kudla ziyaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Sekukonke, ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuchazwe futhi kuqondwe izifiso futhi kuthuthukiswe izindlela zokunqoba izimpendulo ezinesimo esihambisana nokudla okungenampilo. Khonamanjalo, kunezindlela eziningana ezisikisela ukuthi ukudla okunempilo kunempilo, kunempilo izifiso zethu.