I-Aphasia ukuphazamiseka kolimi okusukela ebunzimeni bokuthola amagama kuye ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kwamandla okukhuluma. Kubangelwa ukulimala ebuchosheni okubangelwe ezimweni eziningi ngohlangothi. Ukululama kuncike ebucayi bokulimala.

Yini i-aphasia

I-Aphasia yigama lezokwelapha lomuntu olahlekelwe yikhono lokusebenzisa noma lokuqonda ulimi lwabo. Kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho bonakele, imvamisa ngesifo sohlangothi.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-aphasia

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-aphasia:

1. I-aphasia eshelelayo: Umuntu unenkinga yokuqonda umusho yize ekhuluma kalula.
2. I-aphasia engaguquguquki: umuntu unenkinga yokuziveza, yize ukugeleza kuyinto ejwayelekile.

I-Aphasia global

Kuyindlela ebucayi kakhulu ye-aphasia. Kubangelwa ukulimala okukhulu ezindaweni zolimi zobuchopho. Isiguli asikwazi ukukhuluma noma ukuqonda ulimi olukhulunyiwe noma olubhaliwe.

I-aphasia kaBroca, noma i-aphasia engaqhakambisi

Ebizwa nangokuthi “i-aphasia engagudluki”, i-aphasia ka-Broca ibonakala ngobunzima bokukhuluma, ukuqamba amagama, noma ngabe umuntu othintekile angakuqonda kakhulu okushiwoyo. Imvamisa bayabazi ubunzima babo bokuxhumana futhi bangazizwa bekhungathekile.

I-Wernicke's aphasia, noma i-aphasia eshelelayo

Ebizwa nangokuthi "i-aphasia eshelelayo," abantu abanalolu hlobo lwe-aphasia bangaziveza kepha babe nobunzima bokuqonda abakushoyo. Bayakhuluma kakhulu, kepha amazwi abo awanangqondo.

I-Anomic aphasia

Abantu abanalolu hlobo lwe-aphasia banenkinga yokuqamba izinto ezithile. Bayakwazi ukukhuluma nokusebenzisa izenzo, kepha abakwazi ukukhumbula amagama ezinye izinto.

Izimbangela ze-aphasia

Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-aphasia yi unhlangothi (Stroke) ye-ischemic (ukuvaleka kwesitsha segazi) noma i-hemorrhagic (ukuphuma kwegazi). Kulokhu, i-aphasia ivela ngokuzumayo. Ukushaywa unhlangothi kubangela ukulimala ezindaweni ezilawula ulimi olusenkabazwe yangakwesobunxele. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ama-30% wabasindile kohlangothi banesifo i-aphasia, iningi lazo amacala angukushaywa yischemic.

Enye imbangela ye-aphasia ivela ekuwohlokeni komqondo okuvame ukuzibonakalisa ekuphazamisekeni kolimi okuqhubekayo futhi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-aphasia eqhubekayo eyinhloko". Kutholakala ezigulini ezinesifo i-Alzheimer's noma i-frontotemporal dementias. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukahlukene ze-aphasia eqhubekayo eyinhloko:

• inqubekela phambili eyi-aphasia, ebonakala ngokuncipha kokuqonda kwamagama.
• i-logopenic aphasia eqhubekayo, ebonakala ngokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamagama nobunzima bokuthola amagama;
• i-aphasia engaguquguquki eqhubekayo, ebonakala ikakhulu ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kolimi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zokulimala kobuchopho zingadala i-aphasia njengokuhlukumezeka ekhanda, isimila sobuchopho, noma ukutheleleka okuthinta ubuchopho. Kulezi zimo, i-aphasia ivame ukwenzeka kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga zokuqonda, njengezinkinga zememori noma ukudideka.

Kwesinye isikhathi iziqephu zesikhashana ze-aphasia zingenzeka. Lokhu kungabangelwa yi-migraines, ukuquleka, noma ukuhlaselwa kweschemic okudlulayo (TIA). I-AID yenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuvinjwe okwesikhashana endaweni yobuchopho. Abantu abane-TIA banengozi eyengeziwe yokuba nesifo sohlangothi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Ngubani othinteka kakhulu?

Abantu asebekhulile yibo abathinteka kakhulu ngoba ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi, izicubu kanye nezifo ezingena emithanjeni yegazi buyanda ngokuguga. Kodwa-ke, kungathinta abantu abasebancane ngisho nezingane kahle kakhulu.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-aphasia

Ukuxilongwa kwe-aphasia kulula ukwenza, ngoba izimpawu zivame ukuvela kungazelelwe kulandela ukushaywa unhlangothi. Kuyaphuthuma ukubonisana lapho umuntu:

• kunzima ukukhuluma kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi abanye bangakuqondi
• ubunzima bokuqonda umusho kuze kube yilapho umuntu engakuqondi okushiwo abanye
• ubunzima bokukhumbula amagama;
• izinkinga zokufunda noma zokubhala.

Lapho i-aphasia isitholakele, iziguli kufanele zihlolwe ubuchopho, imvamisa i-a i-magnetic resonance imaging (i-MRI), ukuthola ukuthi iziphi izingxenye zobuchopho ezilimele nokuthi umonakalo ungakanani.

Endabeni ye-aphasia evela ngokungazelelwe, imbangela imvamisa isifo sohlangothi. Isiguli kufanele siphathwe kungakapheli amahora siphinde sihlolwe.

I-Electroencephalography (EEG) kungadingeka ukuthola ukuthi imbangela ayisiyo yini isithuthwane.

Uma i-aphasia ivela ngokukhohlisa futhi kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile, umuntu angasola ubukhona besifo se-neurodegenerative esifana nesifo i-Alzheimer's noma i-aphasia eqhubekayo eyinhloko.

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngudokotela kuzokwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zolimi ezithintekile. Lezi zivivinyo zizohlola ikhono lesiguli:

• Qonda futhi usebenzise amagama ngendlela efanele.
• Ukuphindaphinda amagama anzima noma amabinzana.
• Ukuqonda inkulumo (isb. Ukuphendula imibuzo yebo noma cha).
• Funda bese ubhala.
• Sombulula amaphazili noma izinkinga zamagama.
• Chaza izigcawu noma igama izinto ezivamile.

Evolution et com? Plications kungenzeka

I-Aphasia ithinta izinga lempilo ngoba livimbela ukuxhumana okuhle okungathinta ukusebenza komuntu nobungani bakhe. Imigoqo yolimi nayo ingaholela ekucindezelekeni.

Abantu abane-aphasia bangakwazi ukufunda ukukhuluma noma okungenani ukuxhumana ngezinga elithile.

Amathuba okululama ancike ebukhulwini be-aphasia uqobo obuya ngo:

• ingxenye eyonakele yobuchopho,
• ubukhulu nembangela yomonakalo. Ubukhali bokuqala be-aphasia yinto ebalulekile enquma ukubikezelwa kweziguli ezine-aphasia ngenxa yokushaywa unhlangothi. Lobu bucayi buxhomeke esikhathini esiphakathi kokwelashwa nokuqala kokulimala. Uma isikhathi sifushane, kululama okungcono kakhulu.

Ngokushaywa unhlangothi noma ukuhlukumezeka, i-aphasia iyadlula, ngokululama okungaba ingxenye (ngokwesibonelo, isiguli siyaqhubeka nokuvimba amagama athile) noma sigcwalise ngokuphelele.

Ukubuyiselwa kungaphela lapho ukuvuselelwa kwenziwa ngokushesha lapho kuvela izimpawu.