Okuqukethwe
Izintuthwane eziyingozi kubantu
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezintuthwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezimelela usongo kubantu. Lezi kungaba izinambuzane ezikhipha ikakhulukazi ama-enzyme anobuthi lapho elunyiwe, noma lezo izinombolo zazo endaweni ethile zikhulu kakhulu.
ibutho lezintuthwane
Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa izintuthwane ze-siafu ezihlala e-Afrika kanye nezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika. Zihluke ngokuthi azitholi ama-anthill, inqubo yokuzalanisa yenzeka kuma-bivouacs esikhashana akhiwa imizimba yabantu abasebenzayo, ebambe imihlathi yabo. Ukwakhiwa kunesimo esiyindilinga, okubonakala kumuntu ongalazi njengokunqwabelana kwezintuthwane okungahleliwe, kodwa empeleni kungaphansi kokuhleleka okuthile. Isikhathi esiningi sokuba khona kwawo, amakoloni aseSiafu ayafuduka, ayofuna ukudla.
Abamele lezi subspecies bahlukaniswa ukubukeka okwesabekayo. Njengoba zinobude obuyisentimitha elilodwa nengxenye, lezi zintuthwane zinemihlathi eyedlula ubukhulu bamakhanda azo. Kodwa insikazi iyamangalisa nakakhulu, ubude bayo ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwamaqanda bungafinyelela ku-5 cm. Nguye obhekwa njengentuthwane enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ekhiqiza kakhulu, njengoba ekwazi ukukhipha amaqanda angaba ngu-130 XNUMX nsuku zonke.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukulunywa kwalolu hlobo lwezintuthwane kubuhlungu kakhulu, ngokuvamile kubangela ukungezwani okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isisulu siphakathi kwekoloni elinyakazayo. Kodwa ukufa kokuhlaselwa yilezi zinambuzane akwaziwa. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-siafu kubameleli bezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, akuvamile ukuhlasela amaxoxo amancane, izibankwa, amatshwele ezinyoni.
Intuthwane iyinhlamvu
Ukulunywa kwalesi sinambuzane kuletha ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki, obuqhathaniswa nomphumela wenxeba lenhlamvu, okuchazwa okuqukethwe yi-poneratoxin ekusithekeni kwayo okunoshevu, ubuthi obunamandla kunayo yonke imvelo. Ngakho-ke incazelo yale dlozi. Njengoba ukulunywa kuhlala kubuhlungu okungenani usuku, elinye igama lalo mmeleli wezintuthwane lithi “amahora angu-24”.
Uma siqhathanisa imizwa yobuhlungu ngokwesilinganiso esikhethekile se-Schmidt esihloselwe izimo ezinjalo, khona-ke isisulu sizwa ubuhlungu bezinga eliphezulu le-IV, ukusha okudlula izilonda nezinye izinambuzane kulokhu.
Ubude babantu bubavumela ukuthi babekwe phakathi kwezintuthwane ezinkulu kakhulu. Ubukhulu bezinambuzane ezisebenzayo bufinyelela kumasentimitha nesigamu, kanti abesifazane - abathathu. Lolu hlobo ludabuka eNingizimu Afrika. Kulapho ukulunywa kwalezi zintuthwane kufakwe esikweni lokuthwasa kwabesilisa, emva kwalokho isitho, uma silunywa ngobuningi, singakhubazeka izinsuku ezimbalwa, singazweli futhi sibe mnyama.
Intuthwane - i-bulldog
Nakuba usayizi olinganiselwe walesi sinambuzane ungamvumeli ukuba abe ngumpetha ngobukhulu, unxephezela lokhu ngenani lokufa ngemva kokulunywa kwakhe. Isibonelo, eTasmania, inani lezisulu zokulunywa yizintuthwane ze-bulldog lidlula inani lokufa okubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezicabucabu ezinobuthi, izinyoka noshaka.
Ukulunywa kwabo kubangela ukungezwani komzimba okunamandla, ezimweni ezintathu kweziyikhulu kuhambisana nokushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nalabo abathi, ngaphandle kwe-allergies, bakhuthazelele ukuhlaselwa ezinye izintuthwane noma izinyosi ezihlobene, iminyovu, basengozini yokuhlupheka kulaba bantu. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokulunywa uhlale ungalindelekile.
Intuthwane ebomvu yomlilo
Ibuye iqanjwe igama layo ngezici zokulunywa kwayo, kodwa ibhekwa njengeyingozi kakhulu hhayi ngenxa yobuhlungu nobuthi obuqukethe, kodwa ngenxa yekhono lokuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo ezintsha zayo, isakazeka ngokushesha izilinganiso zomhlaba wonke futhi iphazamise ukuzinza kwama-biocenoses akhona endaweni entsha. Njengoba idabuka eBrazil, intuthwane yomlilo isithuthele e-Australia, eChina naseningizimu ye-United States ngemikhumbi yabahwebi. Namuhla, lesi sinambuzane singatholakala eHong Kong, eTaiwan nasePhilippines.
udosi lwentuthwane ebomvu
Ukulunywa intuthwane ebomvu ngokwesikali se-Schmidt esivele saziwa sifana nokusha komlilo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela, intuthwane yomlilo ijova ushevu nge-solenopsin, ubuthi obuyingozi, esilondeni. Njalo ngonyaka emhlabeni wonke, kuba nezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zezigameko zokutheleleka kwabantu ngalolu hlobo lwezintuthwane, ezinye zazo ezibulalayo ngenxa yokushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic. Cishe bonke abantu abalunyiweyo babika ukungezwani okukhulu. Akubona abantu kuphela, kodwa nezilwane ezifuywayo nezasendle zingabhekana nokuhlaselwa yizintuthwane zomlilo.
Naphezu kwezindawo ezingavamile zezinhlobo zezintuthwane ezisohlwini, wonke umuntu udinga ukwazi ngazo, ikakhulukazi izivakashi, ukuze ukuvakasha kwamanye amazwe kungabi yingozi empilweni.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngezintuthwane ezibomvu ezifuywayo nezasehlathini?
Izinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane ezijwayeleke kakhulu kithi, ezihlala emahlathini nasezindlini zokuhlala, nazo zingaba yingozi, ngakho-ke zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela.
Abamele ihlathi elibomvu kanye nezintuthwane ezifuywayo bangabezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-subspecies. Zihlukile ngokubukeka futhi zinezici zebhayoloji ngayinye. Izinambuzane zasehlathini zenza izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele mayelana nokwakhiwa futhi zihileleke ekubhujisweni kwezinto eziphilayo eziyingozi emvelweni. Abantu basekhaya bayathakazelisa enhlanganweni ekhethekile yemindeni yabo, ebavumela ukuthi bathathe izimpande ngisho nasezimeni ezingezinhle kubo.
Izintuthwane zokhuni zingakhula zibe amamilimitha ayisishiyagalolunye ngosayizi, kuyilapho ozakwabo basekhaya behluleka ukunqoba umaki ongu-3 mm. Kungenxa yalesi sisekelo ukuthi zingabonwa futhi umthombo wokubukeka unganqunywa. Ukufaka imibala nakho kungasho ukuthi iyiphi yalezi zinambuzane ephambi kwakho. Izintuthwane ezihlala eduze kwabantu zinsundu, zihambisana nemigqa ekhanyayo esiswini. Umuntu ovela ehlathini unomzimba omnyama, ingxenye engezansi yekhanda nesifuba kuphela ependwe ngokubomvu.
Ukulunywa yintuthwane yasekhaya neyasehlathini
Izintuthwane zendlu ebomvu nezintuthwane zasehlathini ziyizinhlobo ezi-2 ezihlukene. Azihlukani ngosayizi kuphela (ihlathi 0,7-0,9 cm, futhi ezifuywayo zincane izikhathi eziningana), kodwa futhi ngemikhuba. Ukulunywa intuthwane ebomvu yasekhaya akulula neze, ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthwane yasekhaya ayivamisile ukuhlasela umuntu.
Intuthwane ebomvu yehlathi iqala ukuhlaba lowo owamphazamisa nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi ukulunywa kwakhe kubuhlungu impela, kufana nomiyane, kubangela ukulunywa, ububomvu neminye imiphumela engathandeki. Ukuluma kanye akusiyo ingozi, kodwa ukulunywa okukhulu kungabangela ukungezwani komzimba.
Izimpawu zokulunywa yizintuthwane
Lezi zinambuzane zingakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha emzimbeni womuntu, ngakho-ke indawo yokulunywa ingase ihluke, kodwa ngokuvamile izilonda zakha emaphethelweni aphansi, izingalo nasendaweni ye-pelvic. Isisulu sizwa ubuhlungu obufana nokulunywa umiyane (ngaphandle uma kuwuhlobo lwezintuthwane ezingavamile, ezingabangela ukuhlupheka okwengeziwe). Esizeni sokuluma, kwakhiwa indawo encane ebomvu, engafakwa nge-edema yesikhumba, ibangele inqubo yokuvuvukala kanye ne-itch.
Kubantu abangezwani kahle nezintuthwane, ukulunywa kwezintuthwane kungase kuphenduke isicanucanu, ukuzwa ukulunywa kakhulu okusakazekela kuwo wonke umzimba, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okukhuphukayo nokwehla komfutho wegazi, kanye nokuvuvukala kobuso nezitho. Ubukhulu bezimpawu buzoxhomeka enanini lokulunywa, uma kukhona, ukubonakaliswa okuvelele kakhulu.
Isimo somuntu ohlukunyezwa yizintuthwane singaba nzima ngenxa yemiphumela emibi efana ne-urticaria kanye ne-edema kaQuincke. Esokuqala yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo lapho ungenisa umuntu ubuthi obuphuma entuthwaneni. Kubonakaliswa ukuqubuka okuqondile esikhumbeni sombala obomvu. Amabhamuza avela nalolu hlobo lokungezwani komzimba anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi angahlangana abe ukwakheka okukodwa, okuletha ukungakhululeki okuqhubekayo ngokushiswa, ukulunywa nokuvuvukala.
Uma ama-edema amaningi anobukhulu obuhlukene eqala ukubonakala emzimbeni ngesivinini esisheshayo, kunengqondo ukukhuluma ngokuba khona kwesifo esinjenge-edema kaQuincke. Endaweni ethintekile ngokuyinhloko izicubu ezinamafutha kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila lwamehlo, umphimbo, izindebe. Uma ukuvuvukala kutholakala eduze kwe-larynx, kungaholela ebunzimeni ezinkambisweni zokuphefumula, kuze kube sekuqedweni kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukubonakala kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo esichazwe kubonisa isidingo sokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Yomibili imiphumela emibi yokulunywa kwezintuthwane ingaba usongo oluthile empilweni yomuntu nasempilweni, ngakho-ke, izimpawu ezinjalo zidinga ukwelashwa kochwepheshe.
Imiphumela yokulunywa kwezintuthwane
Ngokuvamile, inxeba elibangelwa yilesi sinambuzane alibi yingozi kubantu. Yonke imiphumela emibi ichazwa ngokungena kwe-formic acid, engabangela ukungezwani komzimba, kanye nokushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic.
Ingozi iyanda lapho le nto ingena kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, ngoba kulokhu iqala ukusabalala emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Ingozi yokuthelela lezi zindawo ezithile iphezulu impela, ngoba intuthwane ingakhipha i-asidi yayo ebangeni elifinyelela ku-30 cm futhi akudingekile ukuba ilume esikhumbeni ukuze iveze into enobuthi. Ukuhlulwa ezinye izinhlobo ze-formic acid kungaba yingozi.
Olunye usongo luhlotshaniswa nokwenzeka kokutheleleka kwesilonda esiwumphumela lapho kukama. Uma indawo yokulunywa ihlala i-edema futhi ubomvu buphuma phakathi nomonakalo, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha. Ukulunywa emzimbeni wengane kufanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Ukwelashwa kwezintuthwane
Udinga ukwazi izinyathelo ezizosiza ukubhekana nezimpawu ezingathandeki zokuhlasela kwezinambuzane.
Nali ukulandelana kwezenzo nezinyathelo ezizonciphisa ukulimala kokusebenzelana nezintuthwane:
Kuyadingeka ukuhambisa kude ngangokunokwenzeka emthonjeni wokuvela kwezinambuzane, imvamisa kuyindlela ye-anthill noma intuthwane. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha lapho kutholwa abantu ngabanye noma ngemva kokubonakala kokulunywa okubambekayo.
Khona-ke kufanele uzame ukususa izinambuzane kuwe, lokhu kungaba nzima, ngoba bacindezela isikhumba somuntu ngemihlathi yabo. Izintuthwane kufanele zikhishwe futhi ziphonswe phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunconywa ukuwachoboza, kusukela kulokhu angaqala ukuluma nakakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuqeda izinambuzane ezilumayo, udinga ukukhomba indawo yokulunywa. Uma zitholakala endaweni emilenzeni, izindawo ezilimele zomzimba kufanele ziphakanyiswe, lokhu kuzonciphisa ukuvuvukala kokulimala.
Lapho ufika endlini yakho, udinga ukugeza ukulunywa ngamanzi anensipho, ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlanza isikhumba sanoma yikuphi ukungcola kanye nemfucumfucu, okungenzeka kamuva ibe imithombo yokutheleleka.
Ukuze unciphise ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu ezinjalo zokulunywa kwezintuthwane njengokulunywa, ukuvuvukala kanye nokuba ndikindiki, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-compress ebandayo ezindaweni ezilimele isikhathi esingadluli imizuzu eyi-10. Ukulungiselela kwayo, iqhwa lifakwa esikhwameni, lihlanganiswe ngendwangu encane futhi lisetshenziswe endaweni ebuhlungu. Lesi silinganiso singasetshenziswa njalo ngehora.
Ungasebenzisa usizo lwama-antihistamine noma amafutha e-hydrocortisone, athengiswa kunethiwekhi yekhemisi ngaphandle kwemiyalelo. Bazoqeda ubuhlungu nokuluma. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa le mikhiqizo, udinga ukufunda imiyalelo futhi, uma kungenzeka, uthintane nodokotela.
Emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokulunywa, ukuvuvukala kuvame ukudamba, kodwa kungase kwakheke i-blister. Akufanele iklwejwe, kungenjalo ingase idabuke futhi ibhoboze, ngaphandle kwalokho ingozi yokutheleleka iyanda. Uma i-blister nokho ilimele ngesizathu esithile, kufanele igezwe ngamanzi anensipho. Ukulimala kufanele kugcinwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa futhi lapho kuvela uphawu lokuqala lokutheleleka - ukulahlekelwa umbala noma ukunwebeka - funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
izindlela zokuthibela
Ukugwema ukulunywa yizintuthwane kungaba lula kakhulu kunokwelapha imiphumela yazo. Njengoba lezi zinambuzane zingavamile ukuhlasela ngaphandle kwesizathu, into esemqoka ukuthi ungaziphazamisi.
Nazi ezinye izincomo:
Ukuya ezindaweni lapho izintuthwane zihlala khona (ehlathini, epaki, emkhakheni ozimele), udinga ukukhetha izingubo ezifanele. Kufanele ibe nemikhono emide, imiphetho eqinile. Uma kunokwenzeka, izicathulo eziphakeme ezivaliwe kufanele zisetshenziswe, ngaphansi kwazo lapho ngokuqinisekile kuzoba namasokisi noma amasokisi.
Ngaphambi kwepikiniki noma ukuma, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela indawo yokuphumula ehlongozwayo. Uma kunesiduli esiseduze noma umzila wezintuthwane udlula eduze, okunye cishe ngeke kube mnandi.
Asikho isidingo sokucekela phansi izintuthwane noma ukulimaza izinambuzane ngamabomu.
Izithelo eziwile ezweni zingasebenza njengendawo yokuhlala yezintuthwane, ngakho-ke kufanele zithathwe ngokuqapha, futhi uma kungenzeka, zingathintwa nhlobo.
Lapho uya kwamanye amazwe, kunconywa ukuthi ugweme ukuthintana nezinambuzane ezingajwayelekile, noma ngabe zibukeka zijwayelekile futhi zingenabungozi.
Kubalulekile ukujwayela izingane ngale mithetho, okungase kube yingozi kakhulu kuzo imiphumela yezintuthwane.
Indlela yokususa izintuthwane zasendlini?
Uma izinambuzane ezihlala emvelweni zingavamile ukuthinta umuntu ngaphandle kwesizathu, khona-ke abantu abahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala bayimithombo yokungakhululeki njalo. Futhi, nakuba zingalumi abantu, zonakalisa ukudla, zisakaza amagciwane, futhi zibangele ukuphazamiseka kobuhle, ngakho awukwazi ukuzibiza ngezivakashi ezamukelekile.
Ukuze ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane kube yimpumelelo, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela emithathu eyinhloko:
Khetha izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokubhujiswa kwazo.
Lisebenzise ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemiyalelo.
Hlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi nomakhelwane futhi wenze inqubo ngokuhlanganyela.
Uma okungenani iphuzu elilodwa lingabonwa, ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane ngeke kuphumelele noma okwesikhashana.
Ukulwa nezintuthwane ezifuywayo, izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:
amajeli e-insecticidal;
izifutho zezinambuzane;
amakhrayoni nezintuli;
ukubhujiswa ngomshini kwezintuthwane ngazinye nezidleke zazo;
ukufuna usizo kochwepheshe abasebenza ngokulawula izinambuzane.
Indlela ngayinye kulezi ezingenhla inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi, ngakho-ke ukuzijwayeza kuphela kungaveza izinketho eziphumelela kakhulu.
[Ividiyo] Indlela ephumelela kakhulu nefakazelwe yokususa izintuthwane: