Okuqukethwe
Ngokuvumelana nomsebenzi walo, Ibhodi Lokuhlela le-MedTvoiLokony lenza yonke imizamo yokuhlinzeka ngokuqukethwe kwezokwelapha okuthembekile okusekelwa ulwazi lwakamuva lwesayensi. Ifulegi elengeziwe elithi "Okuqukethwe Okuhloliwe" libonisa ukuthi i-athikili ibuyekezwe noma yabhalwa udokotela ngokuqondile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa okuyizinyathelo ezimbili: intatheli yezokwelapha kanye nodokotela basivumela ukuthi sinikeze okuqukethwe kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuhambisana nolwazi lwamanje lwezokwelapha.
Ukuzibophezela kwethu kule ndawo kuye kwathakaselwa, phakathi kokunye, yiNhlangano Yezintatheli Zezempilo, eyaklomelisa Ibhodi Lokuhlela le-MedTvoiLokony ngesihloko sokuhlonipha esithi Umfundisi Omkhulu.
Isifo i-Alzheimer's yisifo se-neurodegenerative esivame ukuphatha abantu abadala. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuwohloka komqondo okuqhubekayo, izinkinga zenkumbulo, ukucasuka nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo. Isifo i-Alzheimer's aselapheki futhi ngokuvamile asibandakanyi abantu abagulayo ekusebenzeni okuzimele.
Izimbangela zesifo i-Alzheimer's
Ukwenzeka kwesifo i-Alzheimer's kuhlotshaniswa nezici ezihlukahlukene: izakhi zofuzo, imvelo, nengqondo (ukusebenza kwengqondo isikhathi eside kubambezela lesi sifo). Nokho, kuze kube manje, imbangela ewujuqu yesifo i-Alzheimer’s ayikatholakali. Kunemibono eminingana yesayensi, kuhlanganise nezinguquko ku-DNA ezingase zibe nomthelela ekubonakaleni kwalesi sifo.
Isifo i-Alzheimer's sibangela, phakathi kokunye, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokudluliswa kwesignali ohlelweni lwe-cholinergic lobuchopho bangaphambili. Lezi zinkinga zibangelwa ukuwohloka kwe-cholinergic neurons (ebhekene nokunaka, ukukhumbuza). Amanye ama- neuron nawo alimele, okubangela ukunganaki, ukukhohlisa, ulaka, nokuziphatha okuyichilo.
Inkambo yesifo i-Alzheimer's
Imbangela eyinhloko yokuwohloka komqondo esifweni se-Alzheimer wukulimala kwama-cholinergic neurons, nokho, amadiphozithi okuqala e-amyloid avela kuma-glutamatergic neurons anesibopho sokudluliswa kwenjabulo kobuchopho, etholakala ku-entorhinal and associative cortex kanye ne-hippocampus. Lezi zakhiwo zobuchopho zinesibopho senkumbulo nokubona. Khona-ke ama-senile plaque avela ku-cholinergic ne-serotonin fibers. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, inani le-amyloid deposits liyakhula futhi liholela ekuqothulweni kwe-glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonin kanye ne-noradrenergic neurons.
Isifo i-Alzheimer siqala ngendlela engabonakali futhi asinayo inkambo evamile. Ihlala iminyaka emi-5 kuye kweyi-12. Izimpawu zokuqala ziwukuphazamiseka kwenkumbulo nokuguquguquka kwemizwa (ukucindezeleka nokuhlukunyezwa ngamazwi nasemzimbeni). Khona-ke, izinkinga ngenkumbulo entsha nekude ziba zimbi kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukusebenza ngokuzimela. Iziguli ze-Alzheimer ziqala ukuba nezinkinga zokukhuluma, imithi kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho kuye kuba kubi kakhulu. Esifweni esithuthukile, isiguli asikwazi ukubona muntu, sikhuluma amagama awodwa, ngezinye izikhathi asikhulumi nhlobo. Ngokuvamile, uchitha sonke isikhathi embhedeni futhi akakwazi ukudla yedwa. Ngokuvamile uba nokunganaki ngokujulile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuba nezimpawu zokuyaluza ngobudlova.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's
Ekwelapheni okuyizimpawu ze-Alzheimer's, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi: izidakamizwa zokuxilonga (ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuqonda), ukukhulisa umzimba wobuchopho, izidakamizwa ezivuselela ingqondo, ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kobuchopho, ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ama-anticoagulants, ukuvimbela i-cerebral hypoxia, amavithamini, anti-inflammatory. izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic.
Ngeshwa, akukho ukwelashwa okusathuthukisiwe kwezimbangela zesifo i-Alzheimer's. Enye yezinqubo zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu ukwandisa izinga le-conductivity ohlelweni lwe-cholinergic – ehlaselwe kakhulu yilesi sifo.
Ukutholwa ngo-1986 I-neuronal growth factor (NGF) Kwaletha ithemba elisha lokuvela komuthi omusha osebenzayo ezifweni ze-neurodeergenerative. I-NGF isebenzisa i-trophic (ithuthukisa ukusinda) kanye nemiphumela ye-triopic (ivuselela ukukhula) kubantu abaningi be-neuronal, ivimbela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa. Lokhu kuphakamise ukuthi i-NGF ingaba yikhandidethi elingase libe khona ekwelapheni isifo i-Alzheimer's. Ngeshwa, i-NGF iyiphrotheni engaweqi umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho futhi kufanele inikezwe nge-intracerebrally. Ngeshwa, ukujova okuqondile kwe-NGF oketshezini lwe-cerebral ventricles kubangela imiphumela eminingi emibi kakhulu
Ezinye izifundo nazo ziphakamisa ukuthi izinto ezivela eqenjini le-phosphodiesterase inhibitors kungase kube umuthi osebenzayo ekuvimbeleni ukukhula nokunciphisa izimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's. Iqembu labacwaningi base-Columbia University, eliholwa u-Ottavio Arancio kanye noMichael Shelanski, bathola ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-rolipram (umuthi usetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka kwamanye amazwe) kuthuthukisa inkumbulo nokuqonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sidakamizwa asisebenzi kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, kodwa nakubantu abanesifo se-Alzheimer esithuthukisiwe. I-Rolipram iyi-phosphodiesterase inhibitor. I-Phosphodiesterase inesibopho sokuwohloka kwe-molecule ye-camp, ekhuthaza ukukhula kwezicubu zezinzwa. I-Rolipram ivimbela ukuwohloka kwe-cAMP ngokuvimbela umsebenzi we-phosphodiesterase, obangela ukuthi i-cAMP inqwabelane esicutshini sezinzwa ezilimele. Ngenxa yalokho, izinqubo ezidingekayo zokuvuselela amangqamuzana ezinzwa ezilimele zingenzeka.
Ngokusebenzisa ubuchopho ngokujulile, siyabuvikela ezinqubweni ze-neurodegenerative futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo senza i-neurogenesis, ngaleyo ndlela sandise intsha yengqondo yethu futhi sandise namathuba okuhlala ufanelekile ngokomqondo impilo yethu yonke. Ngakho ukucabanga akubumbi impilo yethu kuphela, kodwa futhi nempilo yethu.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokudla okuvikelayo kwe-Alzheimer's!
Umbhalo: Krzysztof Tokarski, MD, PhD, umcwaningi e-Institute of Pharmacology ye-Polish Academy of Sciences e-Krakow
Ilungu A., Amalungu AC: Ukwelashwa ku-neurology. Compendium. I-PZWL Medical Publishing, 2010
I-Gong BI, i-Vitolo OV, i-Trinchese F, i-Liu S, i-Shelanski M, i-Arancio O : Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-synaptic nemisebenzi yokuqonda kumodeli yegundane le-Alzheimer ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-rolipram. Clin Invest. 114, 1624-34, 2004
Kozubski W., Liberski PP: Neurology ”PZWL, 2006
Longstsaff A.: Izinkulumo ezimfishane. I-Neurobiology. Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, Warsaw, 2009
I-Nalepa I: "Mayelana nezimpande ezivamile zezifo ze-neurodeergenerative" Inkomfa "Iviki Lobuchopho", i-Krakow 11 - 17.03. 2002
Szczeklik A .: Izifo zangaphakathi. Imithi Esebenzayo, 2005
Vetulani J .: Imibono ye-Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. XX Winter School of the Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2003