Itshe le-Alum line (cishe) izinzuzo kuphela. Okubi kuphela (cishe) ukuthi iqukethe usawoti we-aluminium ongaba yingozi empilweni, kepha umbuzo awukaxazululwa.

Ungabheki ebalazweni lejografi. U-Alun akasekho idolobha noma isifunda njengoba nePyrrhea iyindoda. Igama elithi alum livela esiGrekini “als” noma “aléos”, okusho ukuthi usawoti noma okususelwa esiLatin “alumen” okusho ngesiLatin usawoti obabayo.

Itshe le-Alum amaminerali aqukethe ama-sulphates amabili okungukuthi ngosawoti ababili: i-potassium sulphate ne-aluminium sulphate. Igama elithukuthele liyethulwa. Ingabe usawoti we-aluminium oqukethe uwusizo noma uyingozi empilweni? Ngoba impela, itshe le-alum selivele licashuniwe encwadini kaDioscorides, udokotela ongumGreki owazalwa ngeminyaka ka-30 AD (De Materia Medica) ngenxa yezimfanelo zalo zokwelapha ezibucayi (i-astringent inempahla yokuqinisa izicubu futhi zazo. Zomile) ngokuqondene. Kepha kusukela ku-Antiquity, naku-Middle Ages, ibisetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi:

• ngabadayi, ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokudaya kwendwangu (i-alum isetshenziswa njenge-mordant, manje esetshenziselwe usawoti);
• ngabakhi, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okuhlala njalo kwezinkuni eziphilayo (i-alum nobisi ziyanezelwa kukalamula ukumboza izinkuni);
• ngabashuki, ukukhuthaza ukujiya kwamaprotheni (impahla ye-hemostatic) ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhumba ngu- "agro-food" (ukomisa izinhlanzi kuma-cod canneries, ukuguqulwa kwamanzi anodaka abe ngamanzi okuphuza (i-alum ithatha izingibe ukungcola okunikeza imvula okulula ukuyisusa) );
• “ngabelaphi” bayo yonke imivimbo emkhakheni wobuthakathi, ukuba nefa neso elibi.
• ngenhlanhla ukuthola ubuntombi bakhe.

Itshe le-alum livela eSyria, Yemen, Persia, Italy (Mont de la Tolfa) kepha manje livela kakhulu e-Asia.

Kuyinto "itshe lezimfanelo eziyinkulungwane".

Ithengiswa ngezindlela eziningana:

• I-classic kakhulu isesimweni setshe, eluhlaza, enesisindo esingu-70 kuya ku-240g;
• Ingapholishwa: vimba njenge-ingot, ushelele kakhulu;
• Okunye ukwakheka okuhle kokuhamba: isilinda esikhazimlisiwe esithengiswa ebhokisini;
• Kukhona nempuphu: njengempuphu ye-talcum yokufafaza emakhwapheni, ezinyaweni kodwa nasezicathulweni noma kumasokisi;
• Okokugcina, itholakala njengesifutho: ukupakisha okusebenzayo nokuqondayo, kufakwe ephaketheni lakho noma esikhwameni sesikhwama “sokuthinta” kwesinye isikhathi esidingekayo emini.

Nawa amathiphu ethu wokusebenzisa itshe le-Alum:

• Kuyadingeka ukuqala ngokuswakalisa itshe le-alum (okuluhlaza noma okupholishiwe) ngokulidlulisa ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo;
• Bese uyihlikihla emakhwapheni (ngaphansi kwezingalo);
• Usawoti omncane ufakwa esikhunjeni;
• Le ngqimba kasawoti ikhawulela ukujuluka futhi ilwe namagciwane abangela iphunga elibi;
• Yimakhwapha athinteka kakhulu kepha ubuso yinto yesibili eyintandokazi yetshe, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokushefa;
• Hlanza njenge-roll-on deodorant;
• Thatha le nto njengomkhiqizo wenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu (njengebhulashi lamazinyo);
• Ungayilahli: intekenteke kakhulu futhi iphuka ngokuzenzakalela.

Itshe elinobuhle obuyinkulungwane yile:

• ukonga, kungasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana kulokho okuyisibonelo itshe elingu-240g;
• imvelo, ingu-100% wemvelo, ithengiswa ngaphandle kokupakisha, ngaphandle kwegesi (kanti iningi lama-deodorants ahanjiswa ebhodleleni le-spray);
• isebenza kahle, isenzo sayo sihlala amahora amaningi futhi kwesinye isikhathi amahora angama-24;
• ibekezeleleke kahle kakhulu ngaphandle kwalapho kufakwa usawoti we-ammonium kosawoti be-aluminium, umkhiqizo ubizwa nge- “ammonium-alum” futhi ubungozi bokungezwani nezinto ezithile buhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonium. Leli fomu lisetshenziswa ezimeni ze- “razor burn”. Kuvimbela ukwakheka kwezinkinobho ezincane, kumise ukopha okuncane futhi kuthulise isikhathi sokushefa ngemuva.

Okubi kuqala kwalo mkhiqizo ukuthi uvalela amapayipi ezithukuthuku nokuthi kunciphisa ukujuluka (isizathu sokuba khona) akunconyiwe. Ukujuluka kuyindlela yemvelo: umzimba ususa bonke ubuthi obukhiqizwa imini nobusuku ngomjuluko.

Kepha akusikho ukugxekwa okubaluleke kakhulu:

• ku-2009, imodeli yezilwane (i-in vitro) yaholela esiphethweni sokuthi usawoti we-aluminium ubangela izicubu kumagundane (kufanele kuqashelwe ngokudlulisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ku-cosmetology njengamanje akuvunyelwe);
• ngo-2011, i-ANSM (i-ejensi yezokuphepha yezidakamizwa kuzwelonke) yamemezela ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kokusetshenziswa okungenamkhawulo kwamatshe e-alum nosawoti wawo we-aluminium kanye nokuvela komdlavuza inqobo nje ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwabo kungaphansi kuka-0,6%;
• ngo-2014, i-CSSC (ikomidi lesayensi laseYurophu lezokuphepha kwabathengi) yamemezela ukuthi "ngenxa yokushoda kwemininingwane eyanele, ubungozi bokusetshenziswa kosawoti be-aluminium abunakuhlolwa".

Mayelana nemikhiqizo yezimonyo, kunoma yiluphi uhlobo oluvezwayo, usawoti we-aluminium angeke udlule ukuhlushwa kwe-0,6% yokwakheka kwawo.

I-European Commission (CSSC) iyaqhubeka nokuphenya le nkinga enameva, yingakho nje isezinhlelweni zokuxazululwa.

“Ngezimfanelo eziyinkulungwane” zamatshe e-alum, kuwukuhlakanipha ukwengeza okucijile, ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalo yosawoti we-aluminium bese ulinda ngesineke imibono yochwepheshe baseYurophu.