Konke mayelana nokudala ishadi ku-Excel. Igayidi yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo enezithombe-skrini

I-Excel wuhlelo olumangalisayo olukuvumela ukuthi ucubungule hhayi idatha yezinombolo kuphela. Ngosizo lwayo, ungakwazi ukumela ngokubonakalayo noma yiluphi ulwazi ngokwakha imidwebo yamazinga ahlukahlukene obunzima. Kwanele nje ukucacisa idatha kumaseli, futhi uhlelo luzokwakha ngokuzenzakalelayo ishadi ngokusekelwe kuwo. Ithi kuyamangalisa!

Kulokhu, umsebenzisi angakwazi ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukubukeka kweshadi alithandayo. Namuhla sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe amathuluzi wokushadi atholakalayo ku-Excel nezinye izinhlelo ezifanayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umgomo oyisisekelo awukhawulelwe kuphela ku-office suite evela kwaMicrosoft, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke, izimiso ezichazwe lapha zingasetshenziswa uma usebenza nezinye izinhlelo zesipredishithi ezifana ne-LibreOffice, i-WPS Office, noma i-Google AmaSpredishithi.

Ukwakha ishadi elisekelwe kudatha yesipredishithi se-Excel

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqhubekele ngqo ekwakheni amashadi e-Excel, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ayini nokuthi awayini. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokwethula ulwazi:

1. Ukuzwa.
2. Umbhalo.
3. Okubonakalayo.
4. Ukusebenzisana.

Okujwayeleke kakhulu kumuntu ojwayelekile yindlela yokuzwa nemibhalo yokudlulisa ulwazi. Esokuqala sihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezwi ukuze kwethulwe idatha ethile, amaqiniso nezibalo. Indlela engathembeki kakhulu engakwazi ukuletha ulwazi ngokuphelele. Okuwukuphela kwento engasetshenziswa kuyo phakathi nesethulo ukuvusa imizwelo ethile ezilalelini. Umbhalo ungadlulisa umbhalo, kodwa unamandla aphansi kakhulu okuvusa imizwa ethile. Indlela yokusebenzisana ibandakanya ukubandakanyeka kwezithameli (isibonelo, abatshalizimali). Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngedatha yebhizinisi, awukwazi ukudlala okuningi lapha.

Indlela ebonakalayo yokwethula ulwazi ivula inani elikhulu lezinzuzo. Kuyasiza ukuhlanganisa zonke izinzuzo zezindlela ezisele. Idlulisela ulwazi ngokunembe kakhulu, njengoba iqukethe zonke izinombolo, futhi umuntu angakwazi ukuhlaziya idatha ngokusekelwe kugrafu. Uyakwazi ukuvusa imizwa. Isibonelo, bheka nje igrafu yokusabalala kokutheleleka nge-coronavirus ezikhathini zamuva nje, futhi kuvele kucace ngokushesha ukuthi igrafu ingathinta kanjani ingxenye yobuchopho engokomzwelo.

Futhi okubalulekile, liyakwazi ukuhilela umuntu ongakhetha ukukhetha ingxenye yeshadi futhi ahlaziye ukwaziswa akudinga ngempela. Yingakho amashadi esabalele kangaka emhlabeni jikelele. Zisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomsebenzi womuntu:

1. Ngesikhathi kwethulwa imiphumela yocwaningo emazingeni ahlukene. Leli yiphuzu elivamile kubo bobabili abafundi nososayensi abavikela i-dissertation. Lolu hlobo lokwethulwa kolwazi, njengomdwebo, lwenza kube lula ukupakisha inani elikhulu lolwazi ngendlela elula kakhulu futhi yethule yonke le datha kubabukeli abaningi ukuze icace ngokushesha. Umdwebo ukuvumela ukuthi ukhuthaze ukuzethemba kulokho okushiwo umfakisicelo weziqu ze-master noma zobudokotela.
2. Ngesikhathi sezethulo zebhizinisi. Ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kwemidwebo kuyadingeka uma kudingekile ukwethula iphrojekthi kumtshali-zimali noma ubike ngenqubekelaphambili yomsebenzi wayo.

   Lokhu kuzocacisa ukuthi ababhali balo msebenzi bawuthatha ngokungathi sína. Phakathi kokunye, abatshalizimali bazokwazi ukuhlaziya yonke imininingwane edingekayo bebodwa. Nokho, iphuzu mayelana neqiniso lokuthi ukuba khona kwemidwebo ngokwayo kukhuthaza ukuzethemba, ngoba kuhlotshaniswa nokunemba kokwethulwa kolwazi, kuhlala kokubili kule ndawo nakuzo zonke ezilandelayo.

3. Okokubika kubaphathi. Abaphathi bayaluthanda ulimi lwezinombolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho liphakeme ngokwezinga, libaluleke kakhulu kuye. Umnikazi wanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi udinga ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu noma lokho kutshalwa kwezimali kukhokha kangakanani, yiziphi izigaba zokukhiqiza ezingenanzuzo futhi ezinenzuzo, futhi aqonde ezinye izici eziningi ezibalulekile.

Ziningi ezinye izindawo lapho amashadi angasetshenziswa khona. Ngokwesibonelo, ekufundiseni. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinjongo ezithile ezihlanganiswayo, uma zenziwa ku-Excel, khona-ke empeleni cishe akukho lutho oludinga ukwenziwa. Uhlelo luzokwenza konke kumuntu ngokwakhe. Eqinisweni, ukwakha amashadi ku-Excel akuhlukile ngokuyisisekelo ekudaleni amatafula avamile. Ngakho-ke, noma ubani angabadala kalula. Kodwa ukuze kucace, ake sichaze isimiso esiyisisekelo ngendlela yemiyalelo. Landela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Ngaphambi kokudala igrafu noma ishadi, kufanele uqale udale ithebula elinolwazi oluzosetshenziselwa lokhu. Masiphinde sakhe itafula elinjalo.
2. Ngemva kokudala ithebula, udinga ukuthola indawo ezosetshenziselwa isisekelo seshadi, bese uchofoza kuthebhu ethi "Faka" ngenkinobho yegundane engakwesokunxele kanye. Ngemva kwalokho, umsebenzisi uzokwazi ukukhetha uhlobo lweshadi alithandayo. Lena igrafu, neshadi likaphayi, kanye ne-histogram. Kukhona indawo yokwandisa.
   

   Qaphela! Izinhlelo ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwazo ngenani lezinhlobo zemidwebo ezingadalwa.

3. Ungasebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamashadi. Abadumile nje. Ukuze ubuke lonke uhlu lwezinhlobo ezitholakalayo, hamba kumenyu ethi “Umdwebo” bese ukhetha uhlobo oluthile lapho. Siyabona ukuthi kukhona imenyu ehluke kancane lapha. Akukho lutho olungavamile ngalokhu, ngoba izinkinobho ngokwazo zingahluka hhayi kuphela ngokuya ngenguqulo ye-office suite, kodwa futhi ezinhlobonhlobo zohlelo kanye nesistimu yokusebenza. Lapha kubalulekile ukuqonda i-logic kuqala, futhi konke okunye kufanele kube okunembile.
4. Ngemva kokukhetha uhlobo lweshadi olufanele, chofoza kulo. Uyobe usunikezwa uhlu lwama-subtypes, futhi uzodinga ukukhetha olufaneleka kangcono isimo sakho. Isibonelo, uma i-histogram ikhethiwe, ungakhetha okuvamile, ibha, ivolumu, njalonjalo. Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezinezithombe, ongaqonda ngalo ukuthi umdwebo wokugcina uzobukeka kanjani, utholakala ngqo kule menyu.
5. Sichofoza uhlobo oluncane esinentshisekelo kulo, ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo luzokwenza konke ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ishadi eliwumphumela lizovela esikrinini.
6. Esimweni sethu, isithombe savela kanje.
7. Uma sikhetha uhlobo “lweshadi”, ishadi lethu lizobukeka kanje.
8. Ishadi likaphayi linefomu elilandelayo.

Njengoba ubona, imiyalelo ayiyona inkimbinkimbi nhlobo. Kwanele ukufaka idatha encane, futhi ikhompuyutha izokwenza konke okunye.

Ungasebenza kanjani ngamashadi ku-Excel

Ngemva kokwenza ishadi, sesingakwazi kakade ukulenza ngendlela oyifisayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthola ithebhu ethi "Designer" phezulu kohlelo. Leli phaneli linamandla okusetha izici ezihlukahlukene zeshadi esilidale ngaphambilini. Isibonelo, umsebenzisi angashintsha umbala wamakholomu, futhi enze izinguquko eziyisisekelo. Isibonelo, shintsha uhlobo noma uhlobo oluncane. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza lokhu, udinga ukuya entweni ethi "Shintsha uhlobo lweshadi", futhi ohlwini oluvelayo, ungakhetha uhlobo olufunayo. Lapha ungakwazi futhi ukubona zonke izinhlobo ezitholakalayo kanye nezinhlobo ezincane.

Futhi singangeza into ethile eshadini elidaliwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza inkinobho efanele, etholakala ngokushesha ngakwesokunxele kwephaneli.

Ungenza futhi ukusetha okusheshayo. Kukhona ithuluzi elikhethekile lalokhu. Inkinobho ehambisana nayo ingatholwa kwesokudla semenyu ethi “Engeza Isici Seshadi”. Lapha ungakhetha cishe noma iyiphi inketho yokuklama ehambisana nomsebenzi wamanje.

Kuyasiza futhi uma kunegama ngalinye lazo eduze kwamakholomu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwengeza amagama-ncazo ngemenyu ethi "Engeza Isici Seshadi". Ngemuva kokuchofoza le nkinobho, kuzovuleka uhlu esinentshisekelo kulo entweni ehambisanayo. Bese sikhetha ukuthi amagama-ncazo azovezwa kanjani. Esibonelweni sethu - kukhonjiswe kusithombe-skrini.

Manje leli shadi alibonisi nje ngokucacile ulwazi, kodwa lingasetshenziswa futhi ukuqonda ukuthi ikholomu ngayinye isho ukuthini.

Ungalenza kanjani ishadi elinamaphesenti?

Manje ake siqhubekele ezibonelweni ezithile. Uma sidinga ukudala ishadi esisebenza kulo ngamaphesenti, kuzomele sikhethe uhlobo oluyisiyingi. Umyalelo ngokwawo umi kanje:

1. Ngokomshini ochazwe ngenhla, kuyadingeka ukudala ithebula elinedatha bese ukhetha ububanzi obunedatha ezosetshenziswa ukwakha ishadi. Ngemva kwalokho, iya kuthebhu "Faka" bese ukhetha uhlobo olufanele.
2. Ngemva kokuqedwa kwesinyathelo sangaphambilini, uhlelo luzovula ithebhu ethi “Umakhi” ngokuzenzakalelayo. Okulandelayo, umsebenzisi udinga ukuhlaziya izinketho ezitholakalayo futhi athole leyo lapho izithonjana zephesenti ziboniswa khona.
3. Umsebenzi owengeziwe ngeshadi likaphayi uzokwenziwa ngendlela efanayo.

Ungashintsha kanjani usayizi wefonti eshadini le-Excel

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso amafonti eshadi kukuvumela ukuthi ulenze libe nezimo kakhulu futhi lifundise. Iwusizo futhi uma idinga ukuboniswa esikrinini esikhulu. Ngokuvamile usayizi ojwayelekile awanele ukuthi ubonakale kubantu abasuka kumugqa ongemuva. Ukusetha osayizi befonti yeshadi, udinga ukuchofoza kwesokudla kulebula elifanele bese uchofoza into yefonti esohlwini oluvelayo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukwenza zonke izinguquko ezidingekayo bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "OK" ukuze uzigcine.

Ishadi le-Pareto - incazelo kanye nomgomo wokwakha ku-Excel

Abantu abaningi bayawazi umgomo wePareto, othi u-20% womzamo unikeza umphumela ongu-80% futhi okuphambene nalokho. Usebenzisa lesi simiso, ungadweba umdwebo ozokuvumela ukuthi uthole iningi lezenzo eziphumelela kakhulu lapho umphumela ube mkhulu kakhulu. Futhi ukwakha ishadi lalolu hlobo, amathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi e-Microsoft Excel anele. Ukuze wakhe i-infographic enjalo, kufanele ukhethe uhlobo lwe-“Histogram”. Ukulandelana kwezenzo zethu imi kanje:

1. Ake sikhiqize ithebula elichaza amagama emikhiqizo. Sizoba namakholomu amaningi. Ikholomu yokuqala izochaza inani eliphelele lokuthengwa kwezimpahla ngemali. Ikholomu yesibili irekhoda inzuzo ngokuthengiswa kwalezi zimpahla.
2. Senza i-histogram ejwayelekile kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthola ithebhu ethi "Faka", bese ukhetha uhlobo lweshadi olufanele.
3. Manje sesineshadi elilungile, elinamakholomu angu-2 emibala ehlukene, ngayinye emele ikholomu ethile. Ngezansi ungabona inganekwane yeshadi, ngokwendlela esiqonda ngayo ukuthi iyiphi ikholomu.
4. Isinyathelo esilandelayo okudingeka sisenze ukuhlela ikholomu enesibopho senzuzo. Sibhekene nomsebenzi wokubona uguquko lwawo ku-dynamics. Ngakho-ke, sidinga uhlobo lweshadi "Igrafu". Ngakho-ke, kuthebhu ethi "Designer", sidinga ukuthola inkinobho ethi "Shintsha Uhlobo Lweshadi" bese uchofoza kuyo. Bese ukhetha ishejuli ohlwini. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukukhetha ikholomu efanele ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu.

Manje ishadi le-Pareto selilungile. Ungakwazi ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kahle futhi unqume ukuthi yini enganikelwa ngaphandle kokwesaba. Ukuhlela leli shadi kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo ncamashi neyangaphambili. Isibonelo, ungakwazi ukwengeza amalebula kumabha namaphoyinti eshadini, ushintshe umbala wemigqa, amakholomu, njalonjalo.

Ngakho-ke, i-Excel inekhithi yamathuluzi enkulu yokwakha amashadi nokuwenza ngendlela oyifisayo. Uma uzivivinya ngokwakho izilungiselelo, okuningi kuyacaca futhi uzokwazi ukwenza amagrafu anoma yikuphi ukuxaka futhi uwenze afundeke. Yilokhu kanye okudingwa yinoma yimuphi umtshali-zimali, umphathi noma iklayenti. Imidwebo ithola ukusebenza kwayo kuyo yonke imikhakha engenzeka yomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, i-Excel ithathwa njengohlelo oluyinhloko ukuze wenze imali. Manje ususondele nakakhulu kubo. Ngikufisela inhlanhla.