Ukwamukelwa kwamazwe omhlaba eFrance kuvumela abamukeli abangamakhulu ambalwa unyaka ngamunye ukuthi ekugcineni banikeze isifiso sabo sokuba ngabazali. Kodwa-ke, le adventure yomuntu idinga abantu abazongenela ukhetho ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo eziningi ngaphambi kokufinyelela umphumela abawufunayo, noma ngabe muhle kangakanani. Buyisela ezinyathelweni ezisemqoka zokutholwa phesheya.

Njengokutholwa kwengane eFrance, ukutholwa kwamazwe omhlaba kuvame ukubeka izingane ezivivinyweni enkambweni yangempela yezithiyo zokuphatha. Ngenkathi imfushane kakhulu kunaseFrance (iminyaka engu-4 esikhundleni seminyaka emi-5 ngokwesilinganiso), eyokugcina ngokuvamile nayo kwesinye isikhathi iyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngempela, ngokombono ongokoqobo, ukutholwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kubhekana nabatholwa nezinqubo ezengeziwe (kanye nezindleko): ukuya ezweni elamukelwayo, ukuhunyushwa okusemthethweni kwamadokhumenti, usizo lwezomthetho oluvela kummeli, njll.

Ukutholwa kwezingane phakathi kwamazwe nakho kuba yinkimbinkimbi yingqikithi yezomthetho okwenzeka kuyo. Ngakho-ke, abamukeli baseFrance akumele baqinisekise kuphela ukuthi izinqubo zabo ziyahambisana nomthetho waseFrance, kepha futhi nemithetho yendawo esebenza ezweni lokutholwa kanye neSivumelwano ngokuvikelwa kwezingane nokubambisana ezindabeni zokutholwa kwamazwe angaphandle e-The Hague, uma ukwamukela umbuso kusayinile.

Inqubo yokwamukelwa kwamazwe omhlaba eFrance ihlala yenzeka ngezigaba eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko:

Ukuthola ukugunyazwa

 Noma ngabe abazali abazoba ngabazali bokutholwa banqume ukuzama ukwamukela eFrance noma phesheya, inqubo yokuqala ihlala ifana. Ukuthola ukuvunywa kuyisine qua okungeyona yokuqhubeka kwenqubo. Kodwa-ke, okwakamuva kungahluka kakhulu uma abamukeli be:

• IsiFulentshi futhi sihlala eFrance,
• AmaFulentshi futhi ahlala phesheya,
• abokufika abahlala eFrance.

 Kanjalo, kungakuhle ukuthola ulwazi kwa-Child Social Assistance (ASE) emnyangweni wakho.

Umthethosisekelo wefayela eFrance

Lesi sinyathelo sisekelwe esinqumweni sokuqala esiyisisekelo: ukukhethwa kwezwe lokutholwa. Eqinisweni, ngokuya ngezwe elikhethiwe, izinqubo zendawo azifani nje kuphela, kepha nemizimba egunyazwe ukucubungula izicelo zokutholwa ayifani.

 Kanjalo, kunamacala amabili:

• Si izwe elamukelwayo lisayine iSivumelwano sase-Hague (CHL 1993), abamukeli kuzodingeka basebenzise opharetha waseFrance ovunyelwe, kungaba:

  - inhlangano yangasese yomthetho eyaziwa nguHulumeni ezindabeni zokutholwa noma i-OAA (Umzimba ogunyaziwe Wokutholwa),

  - Isikhungo Sokutholwa Sokutholwa eFrance.

• Uma izwe elamukelwe lingasayini i-CHL 1993, abatholwa bangakhetha ukusebenzisa eyodwa yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zesakhiwo noma benze inqubo yokutholwa komuntu ngamunye engenazo izingozi (inkohlakalo, ukukhwabanisa kwamadokhumenti, ukuntuleka kweziqinisekiso zokutholwa kwezingane, izinqubo zokumiswa kokutholwa yizwe elizimele.)

Ukubhalisa ne-International Adoption Mission:

I-International Adoption Mission (MAI) yisiphathimandla esiphakathi nendawo saseFrance maqondana nokwamukelwa phesheya. Noma iyiphi inqubo yokutholwa yamazwe omhlaba ngakho-ke kufanele yaziswe ngayo, ngomzimba wokutholwa noma ngabamukeli uqobo uma benze inqubo yomuntu ngamunye. Akumelwe baxhumane kuphela nawo wonke amadokhumenti ahlobene nokugunyazwa kodwa futhi bagcwalise ifomu lemininingwane ye-MIA (isixhumanisi siyafinyeleleka ngezansi).

Inqubo phesheya

 Izinqubo ezweni elamukelwe zingahluka ngokwesikhathi nangokwesiko kuye ngomthetho wendawo, kepha zihlala zifaka izinyathelo ezifanayo ezifanayo:

• Ukubukeka noma ukufanisa ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume umndeni wokutholwa kanye nengane ezotholwa. Nokho, akusona isiqinisekiso sokutholwa.
• ukukhishwa kwemvume yokuqhubeka nenqubo yokutholwa,
• ukwahlulelwa kokutholwa, kwezomthetho noma kwezokuphatha, okuqinisekisa ukutholwa okulula noma okugcwele,
• ukukhishwa kwesitifiketi sokuhambisana ukuvumela ubulungiswa baseFrance babone isahlulelo sangaphandle,
• ukukhishwa kwepasipoti yengane ezweni lakhe lokuzalwa.

Uma inqubo yokutholwa yenziwa kwelinye lamazwe asayina i-Hague Convention ka-1993, lezi zinyathelo zibhekwa ngumzimba ovunyelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela yomuntu ngamunye ezweni elamukelwe elingasayini liyingozi kakhulu ngoba ayinazo lezi ziqinisekiso zenqubo!

Ukubuyela eFrance

 Lapho ipasipoti yengane isikhishiwe, inqubo yokuphatha yokwamukelwa kwamazwe omhlaba iyaqhubeka, ezweni lokutholwa, bese kuba seFrance. Abamukeli kufanele-ke:

• faka isicelo se-visa: ukubuyela eFrance kwengane eyamukelwa phesheya kumele njalo kwandulelwe isicelo se-visa yokutholwa yokuhlala isikhathi eside neziphathimandla zommeli wezwe lokutholwa. Izophinde isebenze njengemvume yokuhlala ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-12 zokuba khona kwengane eFrance.
• thola ukuqashelwa kwesahlulelo: izinyathelo ezithathiwe zokuthi isinqumo sokwamukelwa esikhishwe phesheya siqashelwe eFrance sincike ohlotsheni nasezweni lokutholwa.

  - Esimweni sokutholwa okugcwele, isicelo sokulotshwa kwesahlulelo kufanele sithunyelwe ku-Nantes Tribunal de Grande Instance (TGI). Uma isahlulelo sikhishwe inkantolo enamandla (noma abaphathi) esimeni sokusayina se-CHL yango-1993, okulotshiweyo kuyazenzakalela. Uma izwe lokuzalwa lomntwana lingasayini, ukwahlulelwa kuyahlolwa ngaphambi kwanoma ikuphi okubhaliwe okungazenzakaleli, noma kunjalo.

  - Uma kwenzeka ukwamukelwa okulula; abazali kufanele bacele ukuphoqelelwa kwesinqumo esivela ku-TGI lapho indawo yabo yokuhlala incike khona. Yenziwa njalo ngosizo lommeli, le nqubo ihlose ukwenza ukuthi eFrance kube nesinqumo esisemthethweni esikhishwe phesheya. Bese-ke, isicelo sokutholwa kalula singenziwa ku-TGI futhi kulapho lesi sicelo sesamukelwe kuphela lapho abamukeli bangacela ukuguqulwa kwesinqumo sokutholwa okulula kube ukutholwa okuphelele.

Qaphela: unikezwe ubunzima, ubukhulu kanye nokuhamba kancane (kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezu konyaka we-exequatur) walezi zinqubo, umphathi onekhono angahle anqume ukunika ingane idokhumende yokusabalalisa owezizwe omncane (DCEM) emvumela ukuba ahlale eFrance isikhathi eside inqubo.

Lapho nje isinqumo sesitholakele, abazali bangabe sebesenza imigomo edingekayo yokuvumela ingane yokutholwa ukuthi ithole ubuzwe baseFrance futhi ihlomule ezinzuzweni zenhlalo.

Ngaphandle kwenqubo yokuphatha ngokwayo, ukwamukela ingane eyamukelwa phesheya kudinga ukulungiswa okuthile (ngokwengqondo, okusebenzayo, njll.). Umgomo: ukumnikeza indawo evumelana nezidingo zakhe futhi aqiniseke ukuthi ingane kanye nabatholwa bakulungele ukwakha umkhaya ndawonye.

Isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile: iphrojekthi yokutholwa.

Uma abazali besikhathi esizayo belethwa ukuthi bazocabanga ngakho ngesikhathi sokufaka kwabo isicelo sokuvunywa, le phrojekthi kufanele ivuthwe kusuka esifiso sokwamukelwa nangayo yonke inqubo. Intshisekelo yayo: ukuvumela abemukeli ukuthi benze okulindelwe bakwenze kube semthethweni, amandla abo, imingcele yabo, njll.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo: ukulungiswa kwengane yomndeni wayo omusha.

Ngaphandle kobunzima obuphathekayo umuntu angabucabanga kalula ngengane lapho efika ezweni elisha (ukufunda ulimi lwangaphandle, ukushaqeka kwamasiko, njll.), akumele nje akwazi ukuba nokuthula nomlando wakhe (ngaphambi ukwamukelwa), kodwa futhi kuhambisane nokwakhiwa komlando omusha womndeni (lowo azowakha nabamukeli). Ngokushesha nje lapho umdlalo wenziwe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi izingane zokutholwa zikhulise ukuhlala kwazo, noma okungenani ukuxhumana nengane, uma kungenzeka, nokwakha izixhumanisi namabhuloho phakathi kwalezi zigaba ezahlukene zokuphila. Ukukhiqiza incwadi yokuphila ezovumela ingane ukuthi iqonde imvelaphi yayo, iphindaphinde amavidiyo, amavidiyo, izithombe, umculo ngakho-ke kubaluleke njengokulungiselela abazali ngokwabo ukwamukelwa.

Ukuqapha impilo yezingane

Lokhu kulandelwa kwengane ngesikhathi sokutholwa nakho kuyingxenye yamalungiselelo abalulekile wokutholwa ngempumelelo. Kuze kube manje, abamukeli banamathuluzi amaningana:

• ifayela lengane : kuyisibopho ngokwezindatshana 16-1 no-30-1 ze-Hague Convention, iqukethe imininingwane yokuthi ungubani, ukutholwa kwakhe, imvelaphi yakhe kwezenhlalo, ukukhula kwakhe kanye nomndeni, impilo yakhe yezokwelapha neyomndeni wakhe omzalayo, ikakhulukazi.
• ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ihlose ukuvumela umndeni ukuthi wamukele ingane ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu, kucatshangelwa imininingwane yayo. Akusikhona kuphela isimo sempilo yengane okufanele sithinteke, kepha futhi nefa lakhe kanye nezimo zokuphila ezidingekayo, ezahluka kakhulu ezweni ngalinye. Inikezwe ngudokotela wendawo, kufanele "igadwe" ngabazali (bona iseluleko se-AFA ngemibuzo ezobuzwa ngempilo yezingane ezweni labo).

Qaphela: izinhlangano ezisemthethweni ziphinde zeluleke ngokuqinile izingane zokutholwa ukuthi bathole mayelana nezingozi eziyinhloko ze-pathological zezingane ngokuya ngemvelaphi yazo kanye nalezo ezikulungele (noma cha) ukwamukela lapho zihlongoza ukufanisa (ukukhubazeka, ama-viroses, njll.)

Abangenele ukhetho lokutholwa kwesinye isikhathi banombono, ngenxa yezinqubo zokutholwa eFrance ezigcemeni zoMbuso, ukuthi ukutholwa kwamazwe omhlaba kungaba, ngokuswela isixazululo esilula, izindlela zokuholela ekutholeni ngokuhambisana nenhloso yabo yokutholwa ”(Ingane encane kakhulu, ukuxubana kwamasiko, njll.). Eqinisweni, imigwamanda esemthethweni ihlelile isando ekhaya iqiniso lamanje lokwamukelwa kwamanye amazwe kubamukeli:

• Inqubo ihlala isikhathi eside: noma ngabe mfushane kakhulu kunangesimo sokwamukelwa eFrance, isikhathi ngaphambi kokutholwa kokutholwa kwamazwe omhlaba sihlala ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka emi-4, ngokuhluka okungaba khona kuye ngezwe lokutholwa.
• ukwamukelwa komhlaba wonke kwehle kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Ngakho ngo-2016, ama-visa angama-956 kuphela "okutholwa kwamazwe ngamazwe" anikezwa izingane. Naphezu kokwenyuka okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule ngenxa yokususwa kokumiswa kokutholwa kwamazwe ngamazwe e-DRC, inguquko yangempela yehle ngo-11%.
• NjengaseFrance, izingane ezingazuza ngokwamukelwa phesheya ziya ngokuya zivela kubantakwethu, ezindala, noma ekuvezeni ubunzima (ukukhubazeka, njll.). Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokukodwa koku-2 kokutholwa kwamazwe ngamazwe ngo-2016 (53%) kwakungeyengane eneminyaka engu-0 kuya kwemi-3 ubudala.