Kubonakala sengathi alikho ikhambi. Umgomo wokunakekelwa ukuukunciphisa imiphumela I-ADHD ezinganeni noma kubantu abadala, okungukuthi ubunzima bazo bezemfundo noma bomsebenzi, ukuhlupheka kwabo okuhlobene nokulahlwa abavame ukuhlupheka, ukuzethemba kwabo okuphansi, njll.

Dala umongo ozovumela umuntu one- ADHD ukuhlala ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kuyingxenye yendlela enconywe odokotela, abafundisi bezengqondo nabafundisi bokulungisa. Abazali nabo badlala indima ebalulekile. Ngempela, yize ochwepheshe abaningi behamba nengane nomndeni, “abazali bahlala 'bengabelaphi' ababaluleke kakhulu kulezi zingane,” kusho uDkt.^r UFrançois Raymond, udokotela wezingane⁷.

Imithi

Nanka izinhlobo ze izidakamizwa esetshenzisiwe. Akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi zihlotshaniswe neyodwa noma eziningi izindlela ezingokwengqondo nezomphakathi (ukubona okwengeziwe). Eyodwa kuphela ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuhlolwa okuphelele kuzonquma ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuyadingeka yini.

Le i-methylphenidate (i-Ritalin®, i-Rilatine®, i-Biphentin®, i-Concerta®, i-PMS-Methylphenidate®) iwumuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu ku-ADHD. Ayisilaphi lesi sifo noma siyivimbele ukuthi iqhubeke nokuba mdala, kepha yehlisa izimpawu inqobo nje uma umuntu eselashwa.

Lokhu yi okuvuselelayo okwandisa umsebenzi we I-Dopamine ebuchosheni. Ngokudabukisayo, lokhu kuthulisa umuntu, kuthuthukise ukugxila kwabo futhi kubavumele ukuthi babe nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle ngokwengeziwe. Ezinganeni, sivame ukubona ukuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kwezifundo. Ubudlelwano buhambisana futhi nezihlobo nabangane. Imiphumela ingaba mikhulu. Ngaphandle kokunye, i-methylphenidate ayinqunyelwe ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala besikole.

Umthamo uyehluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Udokotela uyayilungisa ngokuvumelana nentuthuko ebonwe kanye nemiphumela emibi (izinkinga zokulala, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, isisu esibuhlungu noma ikhanda elibuhlungu, ama-tics, njll.). I okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo zivame ukwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma umthamo uphakeme kakhulu, lo muntu uzothula ngokweqile noma anciphise ijubane. Ukulungiswa kabusha komthamo kuyadingeka.

Ezimweni eziningi, umuthi uthathwa izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ngosuku: umthamo owodwa ekuseni, omunye emini, futhi uma kunesidingo, owokugcina ntambama. I-Methylphenidate iyatholakala njengamaphilisi asebenza isikhathi eside, athathwa kanye ngosuku ekuseni. Kufanele wazi ukuthi i-methylphenidate ayidali ukulutheka ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo.

Ezinye izidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa njengoba kudingeka, njengeamphetamine (I-Adderall®, iDexedrine®). Imiphumela yabo (ezuzisayo nengathandeki) ifana naleyo ye-methylphenidate. Abanye abantu baphendula kangcono esigabeni esithile somuthi kunesinye.

Isidakamizwa esingavuseleli,i-atomoxetine (IStrattera®), izophinde inciphise izimpawu eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle nokunganakwa okubangelwa yi-ADHD. Enye yezintshisekelo zayo ukuthi ngeke ithinte ikhwalithi yokulala. Kungavumela izingane ukuthi zilale ngokushesha futhi zingabi nentukuthelo encane, uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane ezithatha i-methylphenidate. Kunganciphisa nokukhathazeka ezinganeni ezihlushwa yiyo. Ekugcineni, i-atomoxetine ingaba enye indlela yezingane i-methyphenidate edala kuzo ama-tics.

Ingane kufanele ibonwe emavikini amabili kuya kwamane ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa, bese kuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Indlela yokusebenza kwengqondo

Kunezindlela zokungenelela ezahlukahlukene ezingasiza izingane, intsha noma abantu abadala ukulawula izimpawu zabo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusekelwa ezisizayo, isibonelo, ukuthuthukisa ukunakwa nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka okuhlobene ne-ADHD.

Lokhu kungenelela kufaka:

• ukubonisana nodokotela wengqondo, uthisha wokulungisa noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo;
• ukwelashwa komndeni;
• iqembu lokusekela;
• ukuqeqeshelwa ukusiza abazali ukunakekela ingane yabo engasebenzi kahle.

Imiphumela emihle kakhulu itholakala lapho abazali, othisha, odokotela nodokotela bengqondo besebenza ndawonye.

Phila kangcono nengane engasebenzi kahle

Njengoba ingane ekhuthele kakhulu inezinkinga zokunaka, idinga izakhiwo ezicacile ukukhuthaza ukufunda. Isibonelo, kungcono ukuyinikeza umsebenzi owodwa kuphela ngesikhathi. Uma umsebenzi - noma umdlalo - uyinkimbinkimbi, kungcono ukuwehlukanisa ube izinyathelo okulula ukuyiqonda nokukwenza.

Ingane engasebenzi kahle izwela kakhulu izisusa zangaphandle. Ukuba seqenjini noma endaweni ephazamisayo (i-TV, umsakazo, isiyaluyalu sangaphandle, njll.) kungaba yimbangela noma into ebhebhethekisayo. Okwenziwa kwe- umsebenzi wesikolle noma eminye imisebenzi edinga ukugxila, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uhlale endaweni ethule lapho kungasekho khona izinto ezingaphazamisa ukunaka kwakho.

Ezinganeni ezinayo ubunzima bokulala, amanye amathiphu angasiza. Izingane zingakhuthazwa ukuthi zizivocavoce emini, kodwa zenze imisebenzi yokwehlisa umoya, njengokufunda, ngaphambi kokulala. Ungakha futhi umoya ophumuzayo (ukukhanya okuthobekile, umculo othambile, amafutha abalulekile anezinto ezithobayo, njll.). Kuyalulekwa ukugwema imidlalo yethelevishini neyamavidiyo kungakapheli ihora noma amabili isikhathi sokulala. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwamukela inqubo yokulala engaguquguquki ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuthatha i-Ritalin® kuvame ukukuguqula imikhuba yokudla yengane. Ngokuvamile, lena inesifiso esincane esidlweni sasemini nokuningi esidlweni sakusihlwa. Uma kunjalo, nikeza ingane ukudla okuyinhloko lapho ingane ilambile. Ngesidlo sasemini sasemini, gxila ezingxenyeni ezincane zokudla okuhlukahlukene. Uma kudingeka, kunganikezwa ukudla okulula okunomsoco. Uma ingane ithatha umuthi osebenza isikhathi eside (umthamo owodwa ekuseni), indlala kungenzeka ingakhuli kuze kuhlwe.

Ukuhlala nengane engasebenzi kahle kuthatha amandla amaningi nesineke kubazali nakothisha. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi babone imingcele yabo nokuthi bacele usizo uma kunesidingo. Ikakhulukazi, kuhle ukubekela eceleni isikhathi “sokuphumula”, okuhlanganisa nabafowethu nodadewethu.

Ingane engasebenzi kahle ayinayo i- umqondo wengozi. Yingakho ngokuvamile kudinga ukugadwa okuningi kunengane ejwayelekile. Lapho unakekela ingane enjalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha umuntu othembekile nonolwazi ukuze ugweme izingozi.

Ukuphoqelela, ukuthethisa nokujezisa ngomzimba ngokuvamile akulona usizo. Lapho ingane "idlulela ngaphezu kwemingcele" noma izinkinga zokuziphatha zanda, kungcono ukuyicela ukuba izehlukanise imizuzu embalwa (egumbini layo, ngokwesibonelo). Lesi sixazululo sivumela wonke umuntu ukuthi abuye athole ukuzola okuncane futhi aphinde athole ukulawula.

Njengomphumela wokukhuzwa ngezinkinga zabo zokuziphatha kanye namaphutha, izingane ezinomdlandla zisengozini yokuhlushwa ukungazethembi. Kubalulekile ukugqamisa inqubekela phambili yabo kunamaphutha abo futhi ubazise. I- isisusa futhi izikhuthazo nikeza imiphumela engcono kunezijeziso.

Okokugcina, sivame ukukhuluma ngezinhlangothi “ezingenakulawuleka” zezingane ezine-ADHD, kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe ukudwebela izimfanelo zazo. Ngokuvamile bayizingane ezinothando kakhulu, ezinobuhlakani futhi ezithanda ukusubatha. Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zingane zizizwe zithandwa ngumndeni, ikakhulukazi njengoba zizwela kakhulu ezimpawu zothando.

Ngeminye imininingwane nezinsizakusebenza, vakashela iwebhusayithi yeDouglas Mental Health University Institute (bona Amasayithi wentshisekelo).