Umlando omncane mayelana ne-Psilocybe
Okwamanje uhlobo (Psilocybe) inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo zaseMelika nase-Asia azifundwa kahle. Izinhlobo zalolu hlobo zitholakala ezindaweni zonke futhi zisakazwa kabanzi cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Amakhowe ohlobo ama-saprotrophs. Zihlala emhlabathini, amagatsha afile kanye neziqu zezitshalo, atholakala kuma-sawdust, amaningi ahlala kuma-sphagnum bogs, peat, kanye nomquba. Zitholakala ehlathini ku-humus yehlathi. Isici esiphawulekayo samakhowe amaningi indawo yawo yokuhlala enhlabathini enamaxhaphozi. Ngakho-ke, ziyingxenye yezinhlobo ze-helophytic.
Banokusebenzisa kwabo siqu. Kweminye imibhalo yesandla yekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, echaza isiko lama-Aztec elanyamalala, kukhulunywa ngamasiko aseNdiya, maqondana nawo ababesebenzisa amakhowe adala ukubona izinto ezingekho. Izici ze-hallucinogenic zamanye amakhowe zaziwa abapristi bamaMaya eMexico yasendulo, ababezisebenzisa emikhosini yenkolo. Lawa makhowe adliwe eMelika Ephakathi isikhathi eside kakhulu. AmaNdiya awabheka njengamakhowe avela kuNkulunkulu. Ngisho nezithombe zamatshe zamakhowe, ezihlonishwa amaNdiya njengonkulunkulu, ziye zatholwa.
Nokho, banokusetshenziswa kwabo siqu. Kweminye imibhalo yesandla yekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, echaza isiko lama-Aztec elanyamalala, kukhulunywa ngamasiko aseNdiya, maqondana nawo ababesebenzisa amakhowe adala ukubona izinto ezingekho. Izici ze-hallucinogenic zamanye amakhowe zaziwa abapristi bamaMaya eMexico yasendulo, ababezisebenzisa emikhosini yenkolo. Lawa makhowe adliwe eMelika Ephakathi isikhathi eside kakhulu. AmaNdiya awabheka njengamakhowe avela kuNkulunkulu. Ngisho nezithombe zamatshe zamakhowe, ezihlonishwa amaNdiya njengonkulunkulu, ziye zatholakala.
Into ye-hallucinogenic ebizwa ngokuthi i-psilocybin iye yahlukaniswa namakhowe ohlobo. Njengamanje, le nto ikhiqizwa phesheya futhi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithile zengqondo. Nokho, into umabhebhana iba umuthi oyingozi kakhulu we-hallucinogenic uma ungasetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha, ngaphandle kokuqondisa kodokotela.
Ngalesi sikhathi umabhebhana itholakala kwezinye isikhunta esivela ku-genera paneolus, stropharia, anellaria. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-25 manje sezihlukaniswa njengamakhowe e-hallucinogenic, okuthi ama-75% azo angabameleli bohlobo lwe-psilocybe, isibonelo i-Psilocybe caerulescens, i-Psilocybe semilanceata, i-Psilocybe pelliculosa, i-Psilocybe cubensis.
Kodwa umabhebhana kumakhowe we-hallucinogenic kukhona enye into enomphumela we-psychotropic - i-psilocin, efana nesakhiwo se-psilocybin. Kumakhowe ohlobo lwe-Stropharia ne-Psilocybe, kanye nakuhlobo lwe-Paneolus, kutholwe okuphuma ku-indole (tryptamine, njll.) okunomphumela we-anticoagulant kuzixazululo ze-fibrinogen.