Okuqukethwe
Inyanga yesishiyagalolunye elindelwe isikhathi eside yokukhulelwa: maduze owesifazane uzohlangana nengane abeyithwele ngaphansi kwenhliziyo yakhe sonke lesi sikhathi. Umama okhulelwe uya ngokuya ecabanga ngokuzalwa okuzayo, ekhathazeka ngempilo yakhe kanye nenhlalakahle yengane.
Inyanga yokugcina yokukhulelwa inezici zayo ezibalulekile futhi inikeza owesifazane imizwa engaqondakali engakwazi ukumangaza kuphela, kodwa ngisho nokumethusa (1). KP kanye udokotela wezifo zabesifazane uMaria Filatova uzokutshela ukuthi yini elindele owesifazane phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukuthi umzimba ushintsha kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele igwenywe ukuze ungalethi izinkinga.
Amaqiniso abalulekile mayelana nezinyanga ezi-9 ezikhulelwe
| Inganekwane | Reality |
| Awukwazi ukuthatha amavithamini | Owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele aqaphele ngayo yonke imithi, ungaphuza noma yimaphi amaphilisi kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi amavithamini avinjelwe. Ngokuphambene, abesifazane abakhulelwe bavame ukululekwa ukuba bathathe inkimbinkimbi equkethe i-folic acid nensimbi (2). Kunoma yikuphi, udinga ukubonisana nodokotela: uzokhetha izingxenye ezidingekayo, ecabangela impilo yomama ozayo kanye nenkambo yokukhulelwa. |
| Owesifazane ophile kahle angabelethela ekhaya | Ukukhulelwa nokubeletha kuyizinqubo zemvelo. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezenzakalo ngokuqinisekile. Owesifazane okukhulelwa kwakhe kwakulula futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga angase abhekane nezimo ezingalindelekile ngesikhathi sokubeletha, lapho uchwepheshe kuphela onemishini edingekayo kanye nezidakamizwa eziseduze angaphendula ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwethemba ochwepheshe besibhedlela sokubeletha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla ungakhetha isikhungo ngisho nodokotela kusengaphambili. |
| ukucindezeleka ngemva kokubeletha | Lokhu kwenzeka, futhi ngokuvamile. Izici eziningi zithonya - kusukela ekushintsheni kwamazinga e-hormonal kuya ekuqapheliseni ukuthi ukuphila nengane ngeke kusafana. Nokho, akubona bonke omama ababhekana nokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha, njengoba umzimba ngokwawo usiza ukunqoba imizwelo engemihle. KUBALULEKILE! Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, akufanele uhambisane neqiniso lokuthi ungahlangabezana nalesi sifo esingokwengqondo. Kodwa izihlobo kudingeka zazi kusengaphambili ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngalesi sifo. Ukusekelwa komndeni kungasiza umama omusha onokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha. |
Izimpawu, izimpawu kanye nemizwa
Inyanga yokugcina ye-trimester yesithathu ihlale iyisikhathi esijabulisayo kowesifazane. Lesi sikhathi sithathwa njengesinzima kumama okhulelwe kanye nosana. Owesifazane ulungiselela ngenkuthalo ukubeletha - lokhu kufakazelwa izinguquko emzimbeni kanye nesimo sakhe somzwelo.
Ake sikhulume nge-toxicosis sekwephuzile, i-prolapse yesisu, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukuqeqeshwa kokuqeqeshwa kanye namanye amaphuzu abesifazane abakhulelwe ababhekana nawo ezinyangeni ezingu-9.
I-Toxicosis
Ngokuvamile isicanucanu emasontweni okugcina okukhulelwa akukhathazi. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile: lapho owesifazane ebhekene ne-preeclampsia enzima ngenyanga yesishiyagalolunye yokukhulelwa. Ikakhulukazi umama okhulelwe uqala ukwethuka lapho i-toxicosis ihambisana nokuvuvukala okukhulu, isiyezi nomfutho wegazi ophezulu (3).
Kulokhu, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Mhlawumbe ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kulesi simo kuyoba ukulethwa okuphuthumayo.
Ukunciphisa isisindo
Owesifazane emavikini angu-33-36 angase aqaphele ukuthi izikali zibonisa izinombolo ezincane kunangaphambili. Ungathuki, lokhu kuyinkomba yokuzalwa kusenesikhathi. Umzimba ulungiselela inqubo, uketshezi oluningi luyaphuma, ngakho-ke ukwehla kwesisindo esincane - 1-2 kg. Ngesizathu esifanayo, izihlalo ezixekethile kanye nokuncipha kwe-edema kungabonwa.
Ukususwa kwepulaki yamafinyila
Nsuku zonke, ukukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kuba mkhulu, futhi ngemva kocansi noma ukuhlolwa kwe-gynecological, ungabona imivimbo enegazi.
Emavikini adlule, ungabona ukukhishwa okufana nejeli kombala okhanyayo noma okunokungcola okunsundu. Le mfihlo iphuma ngaphansi kwethonya lamahomoni futhi ibonisa indlela yokubeletha, ilungiselela umama okhulelwe ukuba ahlangane nomntwana.
Izikhathi zokuqeqesha
Into evamile enyangeni engu-9 yokukhulelwa: isisu siphenduka amatshe, kodwa lo muzwa udlula ngokushesha. I-Periodicity ayibonwa.
I-prolapse yesisu
I-fetus iphendulela ikhanda phansi bese yehlela endaweni ye-pelvic. Ngakho-ke, owesifazane angabuka isisu sakhe sihamba phansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesifazane okhulelwe uyanyamalala isilungulela kanye nokuphelelwa umoya.
Zonke lezi zinguquko zikhomba ukuzalwa kusenesikhathi.
Impilo yesithombe
Ngenyanga yesi-9 yokukhulelwa, isisu siba sikhulu futhi siyindilinga, ungabona ama-stretch marks kuso, umugqa omnyama obonakala uhlukanisa le ngxenye yomzimba ibe yizingxenye ezimbili, futhi inkaba iphendukele ngaphandle. Kamuva, yonke into izobuyela esimweni sayo sangaphambilini. Kodwa ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezingadingekile, kunconywa ukuthambisa isikhumba ngama-creams namafutha, kanye nokuphuza amanzi amaningi.
Lapho umbungu wehlela endaweni ye-pelvic, uyabona ukuthi isisu sehlile futhi sibonakala sinwebeka kancane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane ezinyangeni ezi-9 zokukhulelwa
Inyanga yesishiyagalolunye yokukhulelwa ibhekwa kusukela emavikini angu-34 kuya kwangu-38 (isikhathi kusukela ekukhulelweni). Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, amasonto angu-33 avame ukufakwa.
Kubalulekile!
Amaviki okubeletha abalwa kusukela ngosuku lokuqala kokuya esikhathini kokugcina. Futhi amasonto angempela abalwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izikhathi eziningi, izibalo zokubelethisa zetemu ziba ngaphambi kwesangempela cishe amasonto amabili.
Iviki le-33
Ubuso bomntwana buyindilinga, izinwele ze-vellus emzimbeni ziba zincane. I-fetus isivele inkulu ngokwanele, igcwala esibelethweni, ngakho-ke ingakwazi ukunyakaza kancane. Kodwa owesifazane ngezinye izikhathi uyaqaphela ukuthi isisu sakhe sithuthumela kanjani ngezikhathi ezithile: lokhu kuyi-hiccuping yengane. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho, ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kokuphefumula, egwinya uketshezi lwe-amniotic. Lokhu akuyona ingozi.
| Growth | I-44 cm |
| Isisindo | 1900 g |
Iviki le-34
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukukhululeka kobuso kwakhiwa enganeni, futhi ibuye ibe nokuzwa okunamandla.
Evikini lama-34 lokukhulelwa, akukhululekile ukuthi umbungu ulale esibelethweni, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo, ugoqa ube yibhola, ucindezela izingalo nemilenze kuye.
| Growth | I-48 cm |
| Isisindo | 2500 g |
Iviki le-35
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umntwana uthuthukisa amakhono abalulekile okuqeqesha: ukuncela, ukugwinya, ukuphefumula, ukucwayiza, ukujika ngapha nangapha.
Emasontweni angama-35, uketshezi lwe-amniotic luyancipha ngevolumu, okunikeza isikhala esiningi enganeni. Kusekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi lapho kubhekwa khona ukuthi i-fetus yakhiwe futhi igcwele ngokugcwele.
| Growth | I-49 cm |
| Isisindo | 2700 g |
Iviki le-36
Umbungu uyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi uqina ulungiselela ukuzalwa. Zonke izitho nezinzwa sezivele zakhiwe futhi zisebenza ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kwezimbili: amaphaphu nobuchopho. Baqhubeka bethuthuka futhi bathuthukise ngenkuthalo ngemva kokubeletha.
| Growth | I-50 cm |
| Isisindo | 2900 g |
Iviki le-37
Ingane iyaqhubeka nokwakha izicubu ze-adipose ezingaphansi kwesikhumba. Futhi ngeviki lama-37 lokukhulelwa, ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kobuchopho kuyaqhubeka.
| Growth | I-51 cm |
| Isisindo | 3100 g |
Iviki le-38
Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi we-fetus uyancipha ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhala esibelethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimiso sezinzwa sithuthukiswe ngokwanele ukuze ingane ikwazi ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi akukho ukunyakaza okuvamile njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili.
Evikini lama-38 lokukhulelwa, ingane ayisebenzi futhi ilala kakhulu - igcina amandla okuzalwa kusenesikhathi.
| Growth | I-52 cm |
| Isisindo | 3300 g |
Kubalulekile!
Uma ngesonto lokugcina lokukhulelwa owesifazane ezwa ukunyakaza kwe-fetus okusebenzayo, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kubikwe ngokushesha kudokotela. Isimo esifanayo singabonwa ngesikhathi se-hypoxia.
Ukuhlolwa ezinyangeni ezi-9 zokukhulelwa
Emasontweni okugcina okukhulelwa, owesifazane kufanele avakashele udokotela njalo ngesonto. Ngezansi sizokutshela ukuthi yini enye edingekayo ukuze uhlolwe ngokuphelele ngalesi sikhathi.
Izinsizakalo
Enyangeni yesi-9 yokukhulelwa, owesifazane udinga ukuthatha ukuhlolwa komchamo jikelele masonto onke. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze udokotela akwazi ukubona izinkomba zikashukela namaprotheni.
Futhi, ekuqaleni kwenyanga ye-9, umama okhulelwe uthatha i-smear yokuhlanzeka kwe-flora yangasese. Uma udokotela enganelisekile ngemiphumela, uthumela owesifazane ukuba ayohlolwa futhi, noma anikeze ukwelashwa mayelana nalesi simo.
Ukuhlolwa
Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane, umfutho wegazi, umjikelezo okhalweni kanye nesisindo kuyakalwa. Udokotela uphinde ahlole isimo somlomo wesibeletho ukuze abone ukuthi ukulungele yini ukubeletha.
Kubalulekile!
Uma owesifazane okhulelwe engenaso isifiso sokusebenza, futhi isikhathi sesisondele kakade, udokotela uphinde ahlole umlomo wesibeletho. Uma kungekho zinguquko, owesifazane angalaliswa esibhedlela ngokuphuthumayo ukuze agqugquzelwe okwenziwa.
KTG
I-Cardiotocography (CTG) iyadingeka: ngokuqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo yengane, udokotela angakwazi ukuxilonga izifo ezihlukahlukene ngesikhathi eziyingozi enganeni.
Okufanele Ukwenze Nokungamele Kube Komama Abakhulelwe
Inyanga yesishiyagalolunye yokukhulelwa yisigaba sokugcina sokukhulelwa. Lesi sikhathi sinzima kakhulu kowesifazane, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo (4). Emavikini okugcina okukhulelwa, umama okhulelwe akufanele acabange ukuzalwa okuzayo ngemibala engalungile futhi akhathazeke ngalutho, futhi kunconywa ukunciphisa umsebenzi womzimba nokudla okunamafutha.
Sex
Uma ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga, khona-ke ngisho nasezinyangeni ezingu-9 ungakwazi ukuya ocansini. Kodwa konke kufanele kwenzeke ngokucophelela nangokushelela, ukuze emva kwezenzo ezisebenzayo ungahambi ngokushesha esibhedlela.
Uma ukukhulelwa bekuyinkinga, kungcono ukuhlehlisa ubudlelwano obuseduze. Akufanele ikakhulukazi ubungozi uma udokotela wezifo zabesifazane enqabela ngokuqondile ukuba nobuhlobo obuseduze ngenxa yanoma yiziphi izinkinga. Uma kungenjalo, ucansi lungaholela ekuzalweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye neminye imiphumela engathandeki.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
Ngenyanga yesishiyagalolunye yokukhulelwa, umsebenzi wesifazane wehlela ku-zero futhi uya ngokuya efuna ukulala. Lokhu kuvamile, njengoba umzimba ulungiselela inqubo yokuzalwa futhi uqongelela amandla.
Futhi, emasontweni okugcina okukhulelwa, kufanele uyeke umsebenzi womzimba: akufanele uphakamise izisindo noma uhambise ifenisha, uphathe izikhwama ezinzima, njalonjalo. Uma kungenjalo, kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi: isibonelo, ukuphuma kwegazi kwesibeletho nokulethwa okusheshayo.
Ukudla
Emasontweni okugcina okukhulelwa, owesifazane uzizwa ekhululekile emzimbeni, njengoba isilungulela, ukuqunjelwa nezinye izinkinga zokugaya ukudla kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uncike ekudleni okungenamsoco, njengoba lokhu ngeke kwandise umthwalo esibindini kuphela, kodwa futhi kunikeze ukuzuza kwesisindo, okungenamsebenzi ngenyanga yesishiyagalolunye.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Obstetrician-gynecologist uMaria Filatova uphendula imibuzo mayelana nezici zenyanga yesishiyagalolunye yokukhulelwa.
Indlela yokubhekana ne-toxicosis?
Ukuze kuncishiswe isicanucanu, isincomo sokudla ukudla okuncane naso sihlala sibalulekile, kanye netiye namalophu anolamula, ujinja kanye neminti kungasiza.
Ngingakwazi ukwenza ucansi nginezinyanga ezi-9 ngikhulelwe?
Singakanani isisindo ongasithola ezinyangeni ezi-9 ukhulelwe?
Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi ukubeletha sekuqalile futhi sekuyisikhathi sokulungela esibhedlela?
Ipulaki ye-mucus ishiya izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Uma owesifazane ethola ihlule lefinyila engutsheni yakhe yangaphansi, maningi amathuba okuthi ukhokho uphumile. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, umsebenzi wabasebenzi kufanele uqale.
Ngokungafani namanga, izifinyezo ekuqaleni komsebenzi zijwayelekile - cishe ukufinyela okungu-1 emaminithini angu-10, kancane kancane kwanda amandla nobude, futhi isikhathi phakathi kwabo siyancishiswa.
Ngokubonakala kokunciphisa okuvamile noma ukuphuma kwe-amniotic fluid, kufanele uye esibhedlela sokubeletha.
Imithombo ye
- Obstetrics: Incwadi // GM Savelyeva, VI Kulakov, AN Strizhakov nabanye; U-Ed. GM Savelyeva - M .: Medicine, 2000
- Ukwengezwa kwe-iron ne-folic acid nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). I-World Health Organization. I-URL: https://www.who.int/elena/titles/guidance_summaries/daily_iron_pregnancy/en/
- Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ze-preeclampsia sekwephuzile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe / Marusov, AP 2005
- Inkambo nokuphathwa kokukhulelwa ku-trimesters yokukhula kwayo: isiqondiso sodokotela // Sidorova IS, Nikitina NA 2021