Okuqukethwe
“Ekhaya yilapho uzizwa ujabule khona” noma “Abalikhethi izwe lakubo”? “Sinohulumeni osifanele” noma “Lona wonke amaqhinga ezitha”? Yini okufanele ibhekwe njengokushisekela izwe: ukwethembeka eZweni Lobaba noma ukugxeka okunengqondo kanye nezingcingo zokufunda emazweni athuthukile? Kuvele ukuthi ukushisekela izwe kwehlukene nokushisekela izwe.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, thina eMoscow Institute of Psychoanalysis saqala ukwenza ucwaningo lomhlaba wonke lomqondo wokushisekela izwe.1. Abahlanganyeli baphendule imibuzo, beveza isimo sabo sengqondo ezitatimendeni ezinjengokuthi: “Umqondo wokushisekela izwe ubaluleke kakhulu kimina”, “Ngikweleta okuningi enginakho ezweni lami”, “Ngicasulwa abantu abakhuluma kabi ngabo. izwe lami”, “Mina akusho lutho uma izwe lami lithethiswa phesheya”, “Ubuholi banoma yiliphi izwe, obubiza ukushisekela izwe, buxhaphaza umuntu kuphela”, “Ungalithanda izwe ohlala kulo, uma libonga. wena”, njalo njalo.
Sicubungula imiphumela, sihlonze izinhlobo ezintathu zokuziphatha kokushisekela izwe: okungokwengqondo, okuyinkinga, nokuvumelanayo.
IDEOLOGICAL PATRIOTISM: "ANGILAZI ENYE IZWE ELINJALO"
Laba bantu njalo emehlweni futhi ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokubonisa ukushisekela izwe, kanye «ukufundisa» it in abanye. Bebhekene nemibono engahambisani nezwe, basabela kabuhlungu kubo: "Ngithenga isiRashiya kuphela", "Angisoze ngilahle izinkolelo zami, ngikulungele ukuhlushwa umbono!"
Ukushisekela izwe okunjalo kuyizithelo zokukhangisa zezombangazwe nenkulumo-ze lapho kubhekene nengcindezi eqinile yezenhlalo kanye nokungaqiniseki kolwazi. Abantu abathanda izwe ngokwemibono banokuningi abafana ngakho. Njengomthetho, abantu abanjalo banamandla hhayi kakhulu erudition njengamakhono asebenzayo.
Bavumela umbono owodwa kuphela, kungabhekwa ukuthi izwe lamanje noma elidlule lingabhekwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Imvamisa, bakholelwa ngokuqinile enkolweni futhi basekela iziphathimandla kukho konke (futhi lapho isikhundla samandla sinamandla, babonisa ukuthanda izwe labo elikhanyayo). Uma iziphathimandla zishintsha ukuma kwazo, zikwamukela kalula ukuthambekela ebezikulwa ngenkuthalo kuze kube muva nje. Nokho, uma uhulumeni ngokwawo eshintsha, banamathela emibonweni yakudala futhi bathuthele ekamu lokuphikisa uhulumeni omusha.
Ukushisekela izwe labo ukushisekela ukholo. Abantu abanjalo abakwazi ukulalela abaphikisi, bavame ukuthintana, bathambekele ekuziphatheni ngokweqile, baphendule ngobudlova "ekwephuleni" kokuzethemba kwabo. Ama-Ideological patriots agcwele yonke indawo efuna izitha zangaphandle nezangaphakathi futhi alungele ukulwa nazo.
Amandla abantu abathanda izwe lakubo isifiso sokuhleleka, ikhono lokusebenza eqenjini, ukuzimisela ukudela inhlalakahle yomuntu siqu nenduduzo ngenxa yezinkolelo, amaphuzu abuthakathaka amakhono aphansi okuhlaziya kanye nokungakwazi ukuyekethisa. Abantu abanjalo bakholelwa ukuthi ukuze udale umbuso onamandla, kubalulekile ukungqubuzana nalabo abavimbela lokhu.
INKINGA YOKUTHOLAKALA KWEZWE: "SINGENZA OKUNGCONO"
Abashisekeli bezwe abanenkinga abavamile ukukhuluma obala nangendlela ezizwa ngayo ngemizwa yabo ngezwe labo lendabuko. Bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokuxazulula izinkinga zezenhlalo nezomnotho. "Bagula enhliziyweni" ngakho konke okwenzeka eRussia, banomqondo othuthukisiwe wobulungisa. Emehlweni abathandi bezwe, abantu abanjalo, yiqiniso, "bahlala benganelisekile ngakho konke", "abalithandi izwe labo", futhi ngokuvamile "ababona ama-patriots".
Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lokuziphatha kokushisekela izwe luvela kubantu abahlakaniphile, abafundile nabangeyona inkolo, abane-erudition ebanzi namakhono obuhlakani athuthukile. Basebenza ezindaweni ezingahlobene namabhizinisi amakhulu, ipolitiki enkulu noma izikhundla eziphezulu zikahulumeni.
Abaningi babo bavame ukuya phesheya, kodwa bakhetha ukuhlala nokusebenza eRussia
Bathanda isiko lamazwe ahlukene - okuhlanganisa awabo. Abalibheki izwe labo njengelibi noma lingcono kunamanye, kodwa bagxeka izinhlaka zamandla futhi bakholelwa ukuthi izinkinga eziningi zihambisana nokubusa okungenampumelelo.
Uma i-ideological patriotism ingumphumela we-propaganda, khona-ke inkinga yakheka phakathi nomsebenzi wokuhlaziya womuntu ngokwakhe. Ayisekelwe okholweni noma esifisweni sempumelelo yomuntu siqu, kodwa emzweni wokuzibophezela kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo.
Amandla abantu balolu hlobo ukugxeka ngokwabo, ukungabi bikho kwama-pathos esitatimendeni sabo, ikhono lokuhlaziya isimo nokusibona ngaphandle, ikhono lokuzwa abanye kanye nekhono lokubheka ngemibono ephikisanayo. Ubuthaka - ukuhlukana, ukungakwazi kanye nokungafuni ukudala imifelandawonye nezinhlangano.
Abanye baqinisekile ukuthi izinkinga zingaxazululwa ngokwabo ngaphandle kwesenzo esisebenzayo, abanye bakholelwa ekuqaleni "isimo esihle somuntu", ubuntu kanye nobulungiswa.
Ngokungafani nokushisekela izwe, ukushisekela izwe okunezinkinga yikho okusebenza kahle kakhulu emphakathini, kodwa kuvame ukugxekwa yiziphathimandla.
I-PATRIOT ESEMTHETHWENI: "FIGARO LAPHA, FIGARO LAPHO"
Uhlobo oluvumelanayo lokuziphatha kokushisekela izwe luboniswa yilabo abangenawo umuzwa oqinile ngezwe lakubo. Kodwa-ke, azikwazi ukubhekwa njenge-"unpatriots". Ukukhulumisana noma ukusebenza ngokubambisana nabashisekeli bezwe, bangajabula ngobuqotho ngempumelelo yaseRussia. Kodwa ukukhetha phakathi kwezithakazelo zezwe kanye nezithakazelo zomuntu siqu, abantu abanjalo bahlala bekhetha inhlalakahle yomuntu siqu, abalokothi bazikhohlwe ngokwabo.
Ngokuvamile abantu abanjalo bathatha izikhundla zobuholi ezikhokhelwa kahle noma benza imisebenzi yezamabhizinisi. Abanye banezakhiwo phesheya. Bakhetha nokwelashwa nokufundisa izingane zabo kwamanye amazwe, futhi uma ithuba lokuthuthela kwelinye izwe livela, ngeke bahluleke ukulisebenzisa.
Kulula ngokufanayo ukuzivumelanisa nesimo lapho uhulumeni eshintsha isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokuthile nalapho uhulumeni ngokwakhe eshintsha.
Ukuziphatha kwabo kuwukubonakaliswa kokuvumelana nomphakathi, lapho “ukuba umshisekeli kunenzuzo, kulula noma kwamukeleka”
Amandla abo ukukhuthala nokugcina umthetho, ubuthakathaka babo wushintsho olusheshayo lwezinkolelo, ukungakwazi ukuzidela ngenxa yezithakazelo zomphakathi noma ukungqubuzana nabanye ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yomuntu siqu, kodwa inkinga yomphakathi.
Iningi labaphendulile ababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni bangalolu hlobo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, abanye abahlanganyeli, abafundi bamanyuvesi ahlonishwayo aseMoscow, babonisa ngentshiseko uhlobo lwemibono yokushisekela izwe, base bethola ama-internship phesheya futhi bathi bangathanda ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ukuze babone amandla abo "ukuze kuzuze i-Motherland, kodwa ngale kwemingcele yayo «.
Kwaba okufanayo nabathandi bezwe abayizolo ababenenkinga: ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bashintsha isimo sengqondo futhi bakhuluma ngesifiso sokuthuthela phesheya, ngoba babenganeliseki ngezinguquko zezwe ezibenza "balahle ubuzwe obusebenzayo", nokuqonda ukuthi engakwazi ukushintsha isimo sibe ngcono.
IMTHETHO NGENQUBOMGOMO YASENINGIZIMU?
Abathandi bezwe kanye neziphathimandla bayaqiniseka ukuthi intshisekelo yentsha kuyo yonke into yangaphandle inciphisa imizwa yokushisekela izwe. Siluphenyile lolu daba, ikakhulukazi, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlobo zokushisekela izwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamasiko nobuciko bangaphandle. Sacabanga ukuthi ukuthakasela ubuciko baseNtshonalanga kungaba nomthelela omubi umuzwa wokushisekela izwe. Izihloko zihlole amafilimu angama-57 angaphandle nawasekhaya ka-1957-1999, umculo wesimanje wangaphandle nowaseRussia.
Kuvele ukuthi abahlanganyeli ocwaningweni bahlola i-cinema yaseRussia ngokuthi "iyathuthuka", "icwengisisiwe", "iphumule", "inolwazi" futhi "inomusa", kuyilapho i-cinema yangaphandle kuqala ihlolwe ngokuthi "inzima" futhi "inzima", futhi kuphela lapho "okujabulisayo", "okupholile", "okuthakazelisayo", "okugqugquzelayo" kanye "okujabulisayo".
Izilinganiso eziphezulu zamasinema nomculo waphesheya azihlangene nezinga lokushisekela izwe lezifundo. Abantu abasha bayakwazi ukuhlola ngokwanele kokubili ubuthakathaka bobuciko bezentengiselwano bangaphandle kanye nokufaneleka kwabo, kuyilapho behlala bethanda izwe labo.
Umphumela?
Abathandi bezwe, abanenkinga, nabavumelanayo - abantu abahlala eRussia bangahlukaniswa ngalezi zigaba. Kanti laba abahambe baqhubeka nokuthethisa izwe lakubo bekude? "Njengoba kwakukhona "i-scoop", kwahlala kunjalo", "Okufanele ukwenze lapho, abantu abavamile bonke bahamba ..." Ingabe umfuduki wokuzithandela uba umshisekeli wezwe elisha? Futhi, ekugcineni, ingabe isihloko sokushisekela izwe siyohlala sibalulekile ezimweni zomhlaba wesikhathi esizayo? Isikhathi sizosho.
Izincwadi ezintathu zezepolitiki, ezomnotho namasiko
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1. «Ithonya lamasiko amaningi kanye nokukhangisa ngomzwelo wokushisekela izwe lezakhamuzi ezisencane zaseRussia» ngokusekelwa yi-RFBR (i-Russian Foundation for Basic Research).