Iviki eli-18 lokukhulelwa kusukela ekukhulelweni
Sisondela enkabazwe yokukhulelwa, evame ukubonwa njengenkathi ezolile kunazo zonke izinyanga eziyi-9. Evikini le-18 lokukhulelwa kusukela ekukhulelweni, umama okhulelwe angakwazi okokuqala ukuzwa ukunyakaziswa kwempilo encane.

Kwenzekani enganeni emasontweni angama-18

Evikini le-18 lokukhulelwa, ingane isivele yakhiwe ngokugcwele. Uyakwazi ukumunca umunwe, ukugwinya uketshezi lwe-amniotic, ukusunduza ngemilenze nezingalo, namehlo akhe awavuleki ngokuphawulekayo.

Isikhumba somntwana sisencane, kodwa uxhaxha lwemithambo yegazi alusakhanyi kuso, njengoba sekuvele izicubu ze-adipose. Kunezicubu ezinamafutha amancane ebusweni, ngakho ubuso bomntwana busashwabene.

Evikini le-18 lokukhulelwa kusukela ekukhulelweni, ezinye izinguquko ezimangalisayo zenzeka nge-fetus. Manje usene-blink reflex, ezoba usizo kuye ngemva kokuzalwa.

Ekupheleni kwaleli sonto, ingane isikwazi ukusebenzisana kahle, ingakwazi ukuletha umunwe emlonyeni wayo futhi iwumunce.

Zonke izitho zangaphakathi zomntwana zakhiwe, futhi udokotela we-ultrasound angakwazi kakade ukuhlola isimo sabo. Izinzwa, i-hematopoietic, ukugaya ukudla kanye nezinhlelo zokuphefumula ziyasebenza. Ukusebenza kwe-gonads nezinso.

I-Fetal ultrasound

Phakathi kweviki le-16 nelama-20 lokukhulelwa kusukela ekukhulelweni, owesifazane uthola i-ultrasound yesibili eyimpoqo, noma ukuhlolwa kwesibili. I-ultrasound ye-fetus ngeviki le-18 lokukhulelwa isiza ukukhomba ukukhubazeka ekukhuleni kwengane, inqume indawo ye-placenta kanye nobulili bomntwana, futhi icacise iminyaka yangempela yokukhulelwa. Uma kutholakala ama-pathologies, odokotela bazonikeza ukwelashwa okudingekayo kumama. Kodwa kubalulekile ukunquma ama-pathologies kuphela, kodwa futhi nesimo esijwayelekile sezitho zangaphakathi zengane, ukubona ukuthi ubuchopho bakhe bukhiwa kanjani, ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani. Odokotela baphinde bahlole isimo sikamama, okuhlanganisa nenani le-amniotic fluid, ubude bomlomo wesibeletho, nezinye izinkomba ezibalulekile ekuzalweni komntwana ophile kahle.

Ngaphezu kwe-ultrasound ye-fetus ngeviki le-18 lokukhulelwa, kufanelekile ukuthatha ukuhlolwa komchamo jikelele kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hCG + estriol + AFP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukuvakashela udokotela njalo emavikini amane.

Impilo yesithombe

Isisindo somntwana ngalesi sikhathi singaphezu kwamagremu angu-300, futhi ukukhula kusukela ekhanda kuya ezithendeni kuyi-25 - 26 centimeters, kakade ubukhulu bebhanana.

Isithombe sesisu ngeviki le-18 lokukhulelwa sizonikeza ngokucacile "isikhundla esithakazelisayo" uma intombazane intekenteke noma yesakhiwo esivamile. Isisu, vele, sisesincane, kodwa sesivele sibonakale. Kodwa abesifazane abanamafomu kanye nokukhuluphala bazokwazi ukufihla ukukhulelwa amasonto ambalwa kakhulu.

Kwenzekani kumama emavikini angama-18

Okusha okutholakele kulinde umama okhulelwe evikini le-18 lokukhulelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba nzima ngaye ukuba alale. Ngenxa yamahomoni, i-nasopharynx iyakhukhumala futhi, ngaphezu kwekhala eligijima, owesifazane angase ahlaselwe ukuhona. Ukulala ngohlangothi noma umcamelo ophakeme kuzokusiza ukubaleka kuwo. Ungase uthole ukukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okumhlophe noma okuphuzi. Akufanele wethuke ngokushesha, uma kungekho iphunga elibi, khona-ke lokhu akuyona isifo. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-leukorrhoea, ebangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi eliningi esithweni sangasese. Odokotela batusa ukusebenzisa ama-panty liners nsuku zonke futhi ungalokothi ugeze ngeshawa noma i-douche. Konke lokhu kuzogeza kuphela i-microflora futhi kudale indawo yokukhiqiza amagciwane e-pathogenic. Okunye ukutholakala okungenzeka ngeviki le-18 lokukhulelwa ukubonakala kwe-colostrum. Uketshezi olushintshashintshayo oluphuzi ngokuvamile luqala ukugeleza lusuka ezindlaleni zebele ngalesi sikhathi. Akudingekile ukuyikhipha, kungcono ukumane uyisule nge-napkin.

bonisa okuningi

Imiphi imizwa ongayithola evikini elingu-18

Imizwa ngeviki le-18 lokukhulelwa ingaba mnandi futhi ingabi mnandi kakhulu. Umuzwa omangalisayo kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi ukunyakaza komntwana esibelethweni. Ngeviki le-18, abesifazane baqala ukuzizwa, ngoba lokhu kungukukhulelwa kokuqala.

Engxenyeni yehora, umama angabala kusukela ku-20 kuya ku-60 "ukuthuthumela". Ngezinye izikhathi bangayeka, ngoba ingane nayo idinga ukulala.

Yiziphi ezinye izinzwa owesifazane angazizwa ngeviki le-18 lokukhulelwa:

  1. Ubuhlungu beqolo ngenxa yokukhula kwesisu. Ukuze wenze ukungakhululeki kungabonakali kangako, udinga ukuqapha isisindo sakho, ugqoke izicathulo ezikhululekile, i-bandage (uma udokotela evunyelwe), ungami isikhathi eside, futhi uma ulala phansi, bese unzima. Ukugeza okufudumele kungasiza ukukhulula ubuhlungu.
  2. Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni. Kuyacasula, kodwa okwesikhashana. Unganciphisa amathuba okuvuvukala ngokudla ukudla okunempilo okunosawoti omncane ekudleni.
  3. Ubuhlungu ezinsinini ngenxa ye-progesterone ne-estrogen, ngezinye izikhathi ziqala ukopha.
  4. Ubuhlungu ezinqeni, emhlane ongezansi, noma emathangeni ngenxa yokucasuka kwe-sciatic nerve. Ungayinciphisa uma ulala ngohlangothi, unciphisa ukucindezela kwesibeletho ku-nerve.
  5. Isilungulela. Ukuze angazihluphi, zisekele ngemicamelo ukuze uthathe indawo yokuhlala uhhafu.
  6. Ukukhula kwe-libido. Abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe bayaqaphela ukuthi isifiso sobulili sikhuphuka kanjani ku-trimester yesibili, akufanele uziphike ubulili uma kungekho ukuphikisana.

Monthly

– Ukuphuma kwegazi esithweni sangasese akufanele kube ngalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kungase kube uphawu lokukhishwa kwesisu okusongelwa kanye nokukhishwa kwe-placenta, kuchaza udokotela wezifo zabesifazane uDaria Ivanova. - Abanye besifazane abakhulelwe bangase babe ne-polyp encane yomlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu ukwakheka kahle emlonyeni wesibeletho, ukubukeka okuhlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nokukhulelwa kanye nezinguquko ze-hormonal emzimbeni futhi ukususwa ngokuvamile okungadingeki, kuvame ukunyamalala ngemva kokubeletha.

I-polyp enjalo ibonakala ngokubona kusuka ku-genital tract, okuvela ngezikhathi ezithile.

- Ukubona ngezikhathi ezithile kungase kube ezigulini ezine-ectopia yomlomo wesibeletho, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuya ocansini. Kodwa zonke lezi zifo zingasungulwa kuphela udokotela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, i-gynecologist iyachaza. – Ngeshwa, abesifazane abakhulelwe nabo bangaba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ikakhulukazi labo abangazange bahlolwe udokotela wezifo zabesifazane ngaphambi kokukhulelwa naku-trimester yokuqala. Ngakho-ke, uma noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwegazi (noma ukubonakala kwemivimbo yegazi ekukhishweni) kubonakala, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Isisu esibuhlungu

Izinhlungu zobuhlungu zihlukile. Ngezinye izikhathi abesifazane abakhulelwe bazizwa benamajaqamba ngaphansi kwesisu, ubuhlungu obubukhali lapho beshintsha isikhundla noma ngemva kokuzikhandla ngokomzimba. Ngokuvamile, izinhlungu ezinjalo ziwumphumela wemifantu esekela isisu esikhulayo sowesifazane. Lezi zinhlungu azidingi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha.

Nokho, ubuhlungu obukhulu obunamandla obungapheli lapho uphumule bungase busho ingozi enganeni noma kumama. Uma kuhambisana nobunzima esibelethweni kanye namabala, udinga ngokuphuthumayo ukushayela i-ambulensi.

Ubuhlungu bungase buhlobane ngokuqondile nesibeletho. Ngokuvamile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, i-appendicitis noma izinkinga zezinso nesinye zivela ngale ndlela. Bona, ngendlela, badinga nokuvakashela udokotela.

Ukukhishwa okunsundu

Ukukhipha isimila esinsundu ku-trimester yesibili kuwuphawu lohlobo oluthile lwenkinga olubonakala kangcono futhi lwelashwe ngokushesha. Zingase zenzeke njengophawu:

  • i-placenta previa noma ukuphazamiseka;
  • ukuba khona kwama-polyps esibelethweni;
  • ukulimala kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane;
  • izifo;
  • umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Ikhanda elibuhlungu, yini owesifazane okhulelwe angayenza ukuze aqede ubuhlungu?

– Ukwelashwa kwekhanda elibuhlungu kungcono ukuthi ungakwenzi. Inketho enhle kungaba ukukala umfutho wegazi futhi wenze ngesisekelo sezinkomba. Uma iphansi (100/60 nangaphansi), khona-ke noma yimiphi imikhiqizo equkethe i-caffeine (itiye, ikhofi) izosiza. I-Aspirin ne-paracetamol ivunyelwe kuze kube amasonto angama-30, kodwa kufanele igwenywe uma kungenzeka.

Okokuqala, zama izindlela eziyisisekelo zokulwa ne-migraines: faka umoya futhi umswakama emoyeni ekamelweni, yenza i-compress epholile nge-mint noma i-lavender, gcoba amathempeli akho nge-star balm, ugeze ngokufudumele.

Uma umfutho wegazi ungaphezu kuka-120/80 mm Hg, udinga ukubonana nodokotela, udinga ukuthola izimbangela zawo. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungaba yingozi enganeni.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okufanele zixwayise owesifazane?

Ziningi zazo, kodwa ake sigxile kweziyinhloko:

1. Isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuba mnyama kwamehlo. Zonke lezi izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Uma zivela ngezikhathi ezithile, kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela.

2. Ukubeka amabala. Uma zivela kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa, kufanele uye ngokushesha kuchwepheshe ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezingenzeka ngesikhathi.

3. Ukuvuvukala okukhulu. Bangase babonise i-toxicosis sekwephuzile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe (gestosis). Uma zihambisana nekhanda elibuhlungu, ukwanda kwengcindezi nokuhlanza, siya kudokotela.

4. Ukuntuleka kokunyakaza. Ingane ivame ukunyakaza okungenani izikhathi ezingu-10 ngosuku. Uma amahora amane ungaboni ukunyakaza, ingane ayiphenduli kumculo, ithinta isisu, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

5. Ubuhlungu besisu. Ubuhlungu obunzima nganoma yisiphi isikhathi yisizathu sokudlala ngokuphepha futhi uhlolwe.

6. Ukuwa. Uma ngemva kokuwa umntwana uziphatha njengokujwayelekile futhi uzizwa ujwayelekile, khona-ke asikho isizathu sokwethuka, futhi uma kukhona ubuhlungu nokukhishwa noma ingane iqhwa, sibiza isibhedlela ngokushesha.

7. Ukuvuza kwe-amniotic fluid. Uma ubona ukukhishwa okuningi okucacile okwandayo ngokushintsha kwesimo somzimba, hamba endaweni yokwamukela, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokukhala kulwelwesi lwe-fetus.

Abadla imifino kufanele badle kanjani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

– Imikhawulo ekudleni, esiyibona kwabadla imifino, incisha ingane amavithamini namaminerali abalulekile. Abadla imifino abadli amaprotheni ezilwane, i-zinc, insimbi, uvithamini A, D3, i-calcium. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kudingeka uyeke indlela evamile yokudla bese uqala ukudla into ongakaze uyidle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungcono ukungavumeli izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekudleni.

Uma ubungayidli inyama, ubisi, amaqanda isikhathi eside, vele utshele udokotela wakho ngakho. Uzobeka inkimbinkimbi yawo wonke amavithamini nama-microelements adingekayo ekukhuleni okugcwele nokuthuthukiswa komntwana esibelethweni noma atuse ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo ongayengeza imali, ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwakho.

Kungenzeka yini ukwenza ucansi?

Uma owesifazane enempilo, ingane yakhe ikhula kahle futhi azikho izinkinga, khona-ke ubulili bamukelekile. Ku-trimester yesibili, injabulo ivele iye ezingeni elisha. Lesi yisikhathi esivundile kakhulu sokuya ocansini, ngoba ngenkathi isisu singakabi sikhulu kangako, kodwa ukugeleza kwegazi esithweni sangasese sekuvele kwanda kakhulu kangangokuthi ubulili buthembisa ukuzwa okuningi okusha.

Ucansi alunconywa ezimeni ezilandelayo:

• uma kukhona usongo lokunqanyulwa kokukhulelwa (ukopha, ubuhlungu esiswini esingaphansi);

• uma kukhona ukukhulelwa kwesisu ku-anamnesis;

• I-ICI (lapho umlomo wesibeletho umfushane noma i-os ye-uterine ivulekile), phambi kwe-pessary yokubeleka, i-suture emlonyeni wesibeletho;

• uma kukhona ukuphuka kwesinye se-fetus, ukuvuza kwamanzi;

• ne-placenta previa kanye nendawo yayo ephansi;

• uma kukhona ubuhlungu ngesikhathi socansi;

• uma wena noma umlingani wakho ningakalulami ku-STI.

Uma udokotela ekwenqabela ukuya ocansini, kufanele ukhohlwe ngokushaya indlwabu. Ukufinyela kwemisipha nesibeletho ngesikhathi se-orgasm kusuka ekuzaneliseni kungaba namandla kakhulu kunesikhathi socansi.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka?

– Uma unokushisa okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha futhi ungazitholi. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, ungathatha ithebhulethi ye-paracetamol, kodwa ngemva kwalokho wenze isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela, - kuchaza udokotela wezifo zabesifazane uDaria Ivanova.

Uma kuwumkhuhlane ojwayelekile, izinga lokushisa lizodamba lona ngokwalo ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezine. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokuthi izinkinga zizovela ngokumelene nesizinda se-SARS: umkhuhlane ophezulu, i-pneumonia, i-pulmonary edema, i-meningitis, i-encephalitis. Ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukuqamba amanga nokulinda ukuthi umkhuhlane uzophumelani.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma idonsa isisu esingezansi?

"Uma idonsa isisu esingaphansi, khona-ke udinga ukuya kudokotela ukuze ungabandakanyi usongo lokuqedwa kokukhulelwa futhi uthole imbangela yalezi zinhlungu," kweluleka udokotela wezifo zabesifazane uDaria Ivanova.

Esimweni esihle kakhulu, umama umane ahlukunyezwe yi-ligaments, okubi kakhulu, kunengozi yokuphuma kwe-placenta nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ungadla kanjani ngendlela efanele?

Okokuqala, udinga ukunciphisa amaswidi ngesibindi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kufanele bancike kumaprotheni, futhi lokhu kuyinyama, kuhlanganise nezinkukhu, ubisi, okusanhlamvu, ushizi, amantongomane.

Ama-acids anamafutha atholakala ezinhlanzi kanye nezilwane zasolwandle kufanele afakwe ekudleni.

Okwesibili, udinga ukunciphisa inani le-pasta, amazambane kanye nokusanhlamvu ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Kungcono ukukhetha kubo imifino. Kodwa lapha, ngaphandle kokushiseka ngokweqile, awudingi ukuyeka le mikhiqizo nhlobo, ama-carbohydrate azoba usizo kumama okhulelwe.

Ngamafuphi, ukudla kokukhulelwa yilokhu:

• imifino - eluhlaza kanye ne-thermal process;

• okusanhlamvu;

• inyama, inhlanzi, izinkukhu nezilwane zasolwandle;

• imikhiqizo yobisi olubilisiwe kuze kufike ku-200 ml ngosuku;

• amajikijolo, izithelo.

Kodwa sishiya amaswidi, utshwala, ama-chips nokudla okusemathinini, amasoseji namasoseji esitolo.

shiya impendulo