kulesi Isonto le-15 lokukhulelwa, okungukuthi amasonto angu-17, i-fetus ilinganiselwa ku-16 cm, unyawo lwayo lu-2 cm kanye nogebhezi lwayo luyi-4 cm ububanzi. Inesisindo esingu-135 g.

I-fetus yamaviki angama-15 ihamba ngamandla. Lokhu kunyakaza kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwayo okufanele: kuvumela uqwanga lwamalunga ahlukahlukene ukuthi luphele futhi luqinisekise ukunyakaza kwe-flexion-extension kwezigaba ezahlukahlukene.

Izinzwa zayo ezihlukene ziyaqhubeka zikhula. Amajwabu amehlo ahlala evaliwe kodwa ngaphansi kwamehlo akhe kwakheka futhi i-retina yakhe iyazwela ekukhanyeni. Olimini lwakhe, kwakheka imiqumbe yokunambitha.

À 17 amasonto, izinso ze-fetus ziyasebenza futhi zidlulisela umchamo ku-amniotic fluid.

Esibelethweni, ingane ayiphefumuli ngamaphaphu ayo. Udonsa umoya-mpilo wakhe egazini likanina, nge-placenta kanye nenkaba. Amaphaphu akhe ayaqhubeka nokuvuthwa kuze kube sekugcineni, kodwa kakade asenokunyakaza kokuphefumula okungamanga: isifuba siyakhuphuka futhi siwe. Phakathi nalokhu kunyakaza, i-fetus ifuna i-amniotic fluid futhi iyakwenqaba.

Lolu ketshezi lwe-amniotic, umfece wangempela wasemanzini wengane, lufeza imisebenzi ehlukene:

• indima yomshini: ibamba ukushaqeka, ivikela ingane emsindweni, iqinisekisa izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo, ivimbela ukucindezelwa kwentambo. Ibuye ivumele umbungu ukuthi uhambe ngokukhululeka futhi uthuthukise i-alveoli ye-bronchi ne-pulmonary ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza kwamanga okuphefumula;
• indima elwa namagciwane: oyinyumba, i-amniotic fluid ivikela umbungu kumagciwane angakhuphuka esithweni sangasese sowesifazane;
• indima yokudla okunomsoco: inikeza amanzi kanye nosawoti wamaminerali enganeni edonsa lolu ketshezi ngomlomo nangesikhumba.

Ukuqala Inyanga yesi-4 yokukhulelwa, i-placenta ithatha izintambo ku-corpus luteum futhi ikhiqize i-progesterone, i-hormone yokulondoloza ukukhulelwa, ne-estrogen.

Izinyanga ezintathu ukhulelwe, noma Amasonto angama-15 ekhulelwe, inhliziyo nezinhlelo zegazi zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Izinga lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi likhuphuka ngokushesha ukuze lilethe umoya-mpilo odingekayo ku-fetus. Ekupheleni kwale nyanga yesi-4 yokukhulelwa, umthamo wegazi uzoba mkhulu ngo-45% kunangaphandle kokukhulelwa. Lokhu kugeleza kwegazi kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezingeni lezinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene zamafinyila. Ngakho-ke, akuyona into engavamile ukuhlushwa ukopha kaningi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Emavikini ayi-17 okukhulelwa (amaviki ayi-15), isifuba asizweli kancane kodwa siyaqhubeka nokuthola ivolumu ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi ye-vascular, i-acini (izindlala ezincane ezikhiqiza ubisi) kanye nemigudu yobisi. Ku-trimester yesibili, amabele aqala ukukhiqiza i-colostrum, ubisi lokuqala oluwugqinsi noluphuzi, olucebile kakhulu ngemisoco, usana olusanda kuzalwa olumunca lapho luzalwa futhi kuze kufike ukugeleza kobisi. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukukhishwa okuncane kwe-colostrum ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Lesi yisiqalo se Ikota yesibili futhi umama oziphindaphindayo wesikhathi esizayo angaqala ukubona ukunyakaza kwengane yakhe, ikakhulukazi lapho iphumule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kuyingane yokuqala, kuzothatha elinye noma amasonto amabili.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lokufakwa kwe-hormonal kanye nezinguquko ze-vascular, ukubonakaliswa okuhlukile kwesikhumba kungase kwenzeke: i-nevi entsha (ama-moles) angase avele, ama-angioma angaphezulu noma i-stellate angiomas.

Le Inyanga yesi-4 yokukhulelwa, umama ozayo kufanele aqhubeke nokugcina i-hydration enhle kakhulu emzimbeni wakhe. Amanzi avumela ukungcola ukuba kukhishwe, kudlule ngezinso zowesifazane okhulelwe kanye nalezo zombungu onamasonto ayi-15 ubudala, ezisebenzayo kulesi sigaba. Amanzi aphinde avimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokukhathala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ekugcineni, amanzi abamba iqhaza ekuthuthweni kwezakhi emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Ukuphuza u-1,5 L wamanzi nsuku zonke kunconywa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-9 zokukhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwamanzi, kungenzeka ukuphuza itiye le-herbal nekhofi, okungcono ngaphandle kwe-caffeine. Amajusi ezithelo noma emifino nawo agcwele amanzi. Kungcono ukuthi, kungcono, zenziwe ekhaya futhi azinawo ushukela.

À Amaviki angu-17 e-amenorrhea (15 SG), sekuyisikhathi sokuba umama ozoba ngumama avumelane nokudla kwakhe ukuze avumelane nesimo sakhe, kuze kube yilapho ebeletha. Kukhona ukudla okumbalwa okufanele ukugweme phakathi nokukhulelwa, okufana nalokhu: 

• inyama nenhlanzi eluhlaza, ebhemayo noma efakwe emanzini;

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka okungaba khona kombungu, ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuthile kufanele kukhawulelwe, njengosoyi, okokunandisa noma inhlanzi enkulu. 

Okunye ukuziphatha kungathathwa njengokugeza izandla kahle ngaphambi nangemuva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza noma imifino nezithelo ezingcoliswe umhlabathi, ukudla inyama ephekwe kahle, inhlanzi namaqanda, kanye noshizi wobisi olungahluziwe.

• cela ikhadi elibalulekile likazwelonke esiKhwameni Sezibonelelo Zomndeni. Leli khadi likhishwa mahhala uma ucelwa i-CAF yomnyango wayo, nge-imeyili noma ngeposi. Ngokwezindatshana u-R215-3 kuya ku-R215-6 weKhodi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nemindeni, unikeza ngesikhathi sonke sokukhulelwa ilungelo lokuhamba phambili lokufinyelela emahhovisi nasezindaweni zokubala zokuphatha nezinsizakalo zomphakathi kanye nezokuthutha zomphakathi.
• yenza i-aphoyintimenti yokuvakasha kwenyanga yesi-5, uhambo lwesi-3 kweziyi-7 oluyimpoqo lokukhulelwa.

Ce Ikota yesibili ukukhulelwa ngokuvamile yilapho umama ozayo engakhathali kakhulu. Qaphela, noma kunjalo: kusamele uqaphele. Uma ukukhathala noma ubuhlungu buzwakala, ukuphumula kubalulekile. Uma kunesikhathi lapho kufanele ulalele "intuition" yakho futhi uhlale ubukele umzimba wakho, ukukhulelwa.

Asikayazi yonke imiphumela yezakhi zamakhemikhali ezithile, futhi ikakhulukazi lezo ze-VOCs (volatile organic compounds) ekukhuleni kombungu. Ngenxa yesimiso sokuqapha, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugwema ukuchayeka kule mikhiqizo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lezi zinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ziyithuba lokwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo ngokukhetha ukudla okuphilayo (ikakhulukazi izithelo nemifino), imikhiqizo yobuhle bemvelo noma yemvelo. Imikhiqizo eminingi yokuhlanza yasendlini yakudala nayo ayinconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Zingashintshwa ngokulingana kwazo kwezemvelo noma ngemikhiqizo yemvelo - uviniga omhlophe, insipho emnyama, i-baking soda, insipho yaseMarseille - ekuphekeni okuzenzela. Uma kwenzeka umsebenzi endlini, khetha imikhiqizo ekhipha ama-VOC amancane (ikilasi A +). Noma kunjalo, noma kunjalo, umama ozayo akanconywa ukuba ahlanganyele emsebenzini. Sizophinde siqinisekise ukuthi igumbi linomoya omuhle.