Amaqiniso ayi-10 ngamafutha omzimba

Izicubu ezinamafutha, noma “isihlalo sehhashi”, zibukeka njengekhekheba lezinyosi elinamabhamuza. Lawa ma-vesicle angama-fat cells (abizwa ngokuthi ama-adipocyte). Bakhona ku-fetus enamasonto angu-14 ubudala. Sizalwa cishe nama-adipocyte ayizigidi ezingama-30. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, izicubu ze-adipose zibalelwa cishe kumaphesenti ayi-13. isisindo somzimba osanda kuzalwa, futhi ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala kakade amaphesenti angu-1. Ubuningi bezicubu ze-adipose bukhula ngokuyinhloko ngokwanda kobukhulu bamaseli amafutha, agcwala kancane kancane ama-triglycerides. Umthombo wabo ekudleni amafutha emifino nawezilwane. I-Triglycerides nayo ikhiqizwa isibindi kusuka kushukela (ama-carbohydrate alula) kanye nama-fatty acids. - Njengomphumela wokungadli kahle, ama-fat cells avelayo akhula ngokweqile. Ngale ndlela, "sihlela" ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala lapho sesikhulile, kusho u-prof. U-Andrzej Milewicz, i-endocrinologist, internist, wase-Medical University e-Wrocław. Ama-Adipocyte ayakwazi ukuqongelela inani elikhulu lamafutha ngendlela ye-triglycerides. Ngakho-ke lezi izitolo zethu zikaphethiloli ezisetshenziswa umzimba lapho udinga amandla engeziwe ngenxa yokuzivocavoca noma lapho sinekhefu elide phakathi kokudla.

Lapho singabantu abadala, sinenani elithile, elingaguquki lama-fat cells. Kunamashumi ezigidi zazo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho amangqamuzana amafutha efinyelela isisindo esibucayi esingaba ngu-0,8 micograms, inqubo ehleliwe yokufa kwamangqamuzana iqala futhi kwakheka entsha endaweni yayo. - Njalo eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili, kufika kumaphesenti angu-50 ama-Fat cells ashintshwa, okwenza kube nzima ngathi ukulahlekelwa isisindo. Lawa manoni ngomqondo othile "angenakubhubhiswa" - kusho u-prof. U-Andrzej Milewicz. - Uma silahlekelwa isisindo, amangqamuzana amafutha ayakhishwa, kodwa isikhashana sobuthakathaka sanele futhi azogcwalisa ama-triglycerides futhi.

Izicubu ze-adipose ziyanqwabelana: - ngaphansi kwesikhumba (okuthiwa ngamafutha angaphansi), lapho esiza khona ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba, - ezizungeze izitho ezisesiswini sesisu (okubizwa ngokuthi izicubu ze-visceral adipose), lapho kusebenza khona ukuzihlukanisa kanye nomsebenzi obamba ukushaqeka. , ukuvikela izitho zangaphakathi ekulimaleni kwemishini.

- Kucatshangwa ukuthi emadodeni anempilo amafutha angase ahlanganise amaphesenti angu-8 kuya kwangu-21. isisindo somzimba, futhi kwabesifazane isilinganiso sisukela kumaphesenti angama-23 kuye kwangama-34. – kusho uHanna Stolińska-Fiedorowicz, isazi sezokudla esivela e-Institute of Food and Nutrition. Uma owesifazane enesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-48 noma engaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-22 izicubu ze-adipose, angase abe nemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engavamile, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu angase ayeke ngisho nokuya esikhathini. Izicubu ze-adipose zikhiqiza amahomoni athinta ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ocansi. Uma umzimba ungenawo amafutha, ukusebenza, phakathi kokunye, imisebenzi ye-ovary, ama-testes noma i-hypothalamus iyaphazamiseka. Amafutha ayisithako esine-calorific kakhulu ekudleni. Igremu elilodwa linikeza ama-kilocalories angaba yisishiyagalolunye. Lapho umzimba usebenzisa amafutha avela kumangqamuzana amafutha, ama-fatty acids amahhala kanye ne-glycerol adedelwa egazini. Kodwa-ke, akuzona kuphela indawo yokugcina amandla, kodwa futhi izakhi zokwakha zamangqamuzana noma i-epithelium yesikhumba. Ziphinde zibe ingxenye eyinhloko yolwelwesi lwamaseli. Ama-fatty acids ayadingeka, phakathi kokunye ukudala i-cholesterol, uvithamini D namahomoni amaningi. Zibalulekile futhi ezinqubweni eziningi ze-metabolic kanye nezinzwa. Amafutha nawo abalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamaprotheni eselula. Ezimweni ze-pathological (isb kubantu abanokukhuluphala kwesisu) amafutha angase anqwabelene emisipha nasesibindini. Lokhu kunjalo nakuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezicubu ezinamafutha kubantu: Izicubu ezimhlophe ze-adipose (WAT), ziqoqana ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma phakathi kwezitho. Indima yayo ukugcina amandla. Ifihla amaprotheni amaningi namahomoni asebenzayo. Amaseli amafutha ezicubu ezimhlophe kwabesifazane makhulu kunabesilisa futhi ngokuvamile agxile emathangeni nasezinqeni. Kwabesilisa, izicubu ze-adipose ziqoqana ikakhulukazi endaweni yesisu. I-Brunatna- "Dobra" (izicubu ze-adipose ensundu - BAT). Ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize inani elikhulu lokushisa futhi igcine izinga lokushisa elingashintshi ngaphakathi komzimba. Lawa mafutha ashisa ngokushesha futhi anikeze amandla amaningi. Isignali yokwenza i-BAT isebenze izinga lokushisa langaphandle elingaphansi kuka-20-22 ° C. Esimo sezulu esibandayo, umthamo wegazi ogeleza ngezicubu ezinsundu ungakhuphuka izikhathi ezingu-100. Sinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lezicubu ze-adipose ezinsundu ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Itholakala phakathi kwamahlombe, eduze komgogodla, entanyeni nasezinso. Inani lezicubu ze-adipose ezinsundu liyehla ngokuya ngeminyaka nangesisindo somzimba esandayo (ukukhuluphala kunesincane saso). Kuyadabukisa, ngoba kunenkolelo yokuthi lesi sicubu kubantu abadala singavimbela ukukhuluphala kanye nokumelana ne-insulin. Izicubu ze-adipose ezinsundu zine-vascular kakhulu futhi azihlali. Empeleni insundu ngombala ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwenani elikhulu le-mitochondria kuyo. Amafutha ansundu abantu abadala akhona ngamanani amancane, ikakhulukazi azungeze intamo naphakathi kwamahlombe, kodwa futhi eduze nomgogodla, ku-mediastinum (eduze kwe-aorta) naseduze kwenhliziyo (enhlokweni yenhliziyo). I-Beige - ibhekwa njengefomu eliphakathi phakathi kwamaseli ezicubu ezimhlophe nezinsundu. Pink - kwenzeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nangesikhathi sokuncelisa. Indima yayo ukubamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni ubisi.

Umzimba ugcina amandla ikakhulukazi kuma-fat cells (cishe ama-84%) nasemisipha nasesibindini ngendlela ye-glycogen (cishe 1%). Izimpahla zakamuva zisetshenziswa ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa wokuzila ukudla okuqinile phakathi kokudla, yingakho zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukugcina izinga le-glucose elilungile. Uma sidla ushukela omningi, ukweqisa kwawo kuguqulwa kube izinhlanganisela ezinamafutha ngenxa ye-insulin. Amafutha ahlanganiswe ku-glucose esibindini adluliswa ngegazi aye kumangqamuzana amafutha, lapho agcinwa khona. Futhi, amafutha amaningi okudla agcina eholela ekugcineni kwawo njengama-triglycerides kuzicubu ze-adipose. Ngamafuphi, amafutha aqala ukunqwabelana lapho sidla ama-kilojoule amaningi kunalawo umzimba wethu ongawasebenzisa. Ukweqisa kwabo kugcinwa esicubuni se-adipose. Ngamunye wethu udinga inani elihlukile lama-calories ngosuku. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-metabolism eyisisekelo kubantu abanempilo futhi ondleke kahle iba ngamaphesenti angama-45 kuye kwangama-75. isamba sezindleko zamandla. Leli inani lamandla umzimba "oshisa" wokugaya, ukuphefumula, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele, njll. Okunye ukusha kusetshenziselwa umsebenzi wansuku zonke: umsebenzi, ukunyakaza, njll. Ok. Amaphesenti angu-15 I-calorie pool iqukethe amaprotheni okwenziwa ngawo imisipha nezinye izicubu zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, umzimba uvikela amaprotheni nama-amino acid ukuthi angasetshenziselwa izinjongo zamandla. Uwasebenzisa lapho engenawo omunye umthombo wamandla, isb ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla ngokweqile. Khona-ke "umzimba uyazidla", ngokuvamile uqala ngemisipha.

Ngesikhathi sokulahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu, ukuzila ukudla isikhathi eside, noma ngenxa yokuntuleka okuphawulekayo kwama-calories ekudleni, okuhambisana nomzamo omkhulu womzimba - khona-ke amafutha agcinwe kumangqamuzana amafutha akhululwa egazini. Isignali yokukhululwa kwazo (ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-lipolysis) amazinga aphansi kashukela egazini.

Izicubu ze-adipose ezimhlophe zikhiqiza amahomoni amaningi. Kubandakanya, phakathi kwamanye amahomoni athinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nokusebenza, njenge-adipokines, i-apelin, ne-visfatin. Indlala iyisici esivimbela ukukhishwa kwe-apelin, futhi amazinga e-apelin ayanda, njengoba kwenza amazinga e-insulin, ngemva kokudla. Iphinde ikhiqize i-lectin ewela umgoqo wobuchopho-gazi futhi ifinyelele ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Ibizwa nge-hormone ye-satiety. Ukukhishwa kwe-Leptin kuphakeme kakhulu phakathi kuka-22pm no-3 am, ngezinye izikhathi okuchazwa njengomphumela wokumisa ukudla ngesikhathi sokulala.

Ezicubu ze-adipose kukhona ama-cytokines, amaprotheni ayisici sokuvuvukala. Izinkomba zokuvuvukala kuyo ikakhulukazi zitholakala kumangqamuzana ezicubu ezixhumene nama-macrophages ("amasosha" okufanele ayihlanze ngamabhaktheriya, amagciwane, i-cholesterol eyeqile noma izingcezu zamangqamuzana awonakele), amelwe ngamanani amakhulu lapho. Kukholakala ukuthi ama-cytokines avuvukalayo kanye nama-hormone ezicubu ze-adipose aguqula imiphumela ye-insulin adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga zemithambo ngesikhathi se-metabolic syndrome kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ucwaningo lwesayensi lubonisa ukuthi ama-cannabinoids nawo akhiqizwa izicubu ze-adipose, ezingase zichaze ukuthi kungani abantu abakhuluphele, ngakho-ke banokuningi, ngokuvamile ngokwemvelo bejabule kakhulu kunabanye. Khumbula ukuthi ama-cannabinoids ayizithako ngokwemvelo, okuhlanganisa ne-cannabis. Ezimweni eziningi, ziletha umuntu esimweni sokujabula okuncane. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi lezi zinto nazo zikhiqizwa umzimba womuntu.