Izingane zanamuhla zikhula ngaphansi kwethonya elikhulu lezinkundla zokuxhumana, ezingasihlanganisi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zinikeza amathuluzi amaningi okuzithuthukisa nokuzithuthukisa. Ungabasiza kanjani ukuthi bakhule benomusa futhi bangagxili kubo kuphela? Ukugxilisa isizotha kubo - kuhlanganise nokuzihlola bona kanye namakhono abo. Le khwalithi ingavula ama-horizons amasha enganeni.
Yini ehlukanisa abantu abathobekile? Abacwaningi baqokomisa izici ezimbili. Ezingeni lomuntu siqu, abantu abanjalo bayazethemba futhi bavuleleke ngolwazi olusha. Abazikhukhumezi, kodwa nabo abazehlisi. Ezingeni lomphakathi, bagxila kulabo ababazungezile futhi bayabazisa.
Muva nje, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uJudith Danovich nozakwabo benze ucwaningo oluhilela izingane ezingu-130 ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya kweyisi-8. Abacwaningi baqale bacele izingane ukuthi zilinganise ulwazi lwazo emibuzweni eyi-12. Ezinye zazo zazihlobene nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Ngokwesibonelo, izingane zabuzwa: “Kungani izinhlanzi zingahlala emanzini kuphela?” noma "Kungani abanye abantu benezinwele ezibomvu?" Enye ingxenye yemibuzo yayihlobene nemishini: “Ingabe ilifti lisebenza kanjani?” noma “Kungani imoto idinga uphethiloli?”
Izingane zabe sezinikezwa udokotela noma umakhenikha njengozakwethu ukuze ahlole ukuthi mingaki imibuzo iqembu labo elingayiphendula. Izingane ngokwazo zakhetha ukuthi ubani eqenjini ozophendula umbuzo ngamunye. Izingane ezilinganisela ulwazi lwazo ngezimpendulo eziphansi neziphathisiwe zemibuzo kozakwabo zazibhekwa njengesizotha ososayensi. Ngemva komjikelezo wemibuzo nezimpendulo, ososayensi bahlola ubuhlakani bezingane besebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ okusheshayo.
Izingane ezithumele izimpendulo zemibuzo kozakwethu cishe zizoqaphela futhi zihlaziye amaphutha azo ngokucophelela.
Isigaba esilandelayo sokuhlola kwakuwumdlalo wekhompiyutha okwakudingeka kuwo umsizi we-zoo ukuba abambe izilwane ezaziphunyukile emakhejini. Ukwenza lokhu, izingane kwakudingeka zicindezele umugqa womkhathi lapho zibona izilwane ezithile, kodwa hhayi ama-orangutan. Uma beshaya umugqa womkhathi lapho bebona i-orangutan, kwakubhekwa njengephutha. Ngesikhathi izingane zidlala lo mdlalo, umsebenzi wazo wobuchopho waqoshwa kusetshenziswa i-electroencephalogram. Lokhu kwenza abacwaningi bakwazi ukubona okwenzeka ebuchosheni bezingane uma zenza iphutha.
Okokuqala, izingane ezindala zibonise isizotha kakhulu kunabahlanganyeli abancane. Okwesibili, izingane ezilinganisele ulwazi lwazo ngesizotha kakhulu zivele zahlakanipha ekuhlolweni kwe-IQ.
Siphinde saqaphela ubudlelwano phakathi kokuziphatha kwezingane ezigabeni ezihlukene zokuhlolwa. Izingane ezithumele izimpendulo zemibuzo kozakwethu ziye zaqaphela futhi zahlaziya amaphutha azo kaningi, njengoba kufakazelwa iphethini yomsebenzi wobuchopho wesici sokuhlaziya iphutha lokuqaphela.
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iphakamisa ukuthi isizotha sisiza izingane ukuthi zihlanganyele nabanye futhi zithole ulwazi. Ngokunensa ekuphawuleni nasekuhlaziyeni iphutha labo esikhundleni sokulishaya indiva noma ukuliphika, izingane ezithobekile ziguqula umsebenzi onzima ube yithuba lokuthuthuka.
Okunye okutholakele ukuthi isizotha sihambisana nokuba nenjongo.
Abacwaningi basikisela nokuthi izingane ezinesizotha ziyayibona futhi ziyazise le mfanelo kwabanye kangcono. Ososayensi uSarah Aga noChristina Olson bahlela uchungechunge lwesivivinyo ukuze baqonde indlela izingane ezibona ngayo abanye abantu. Abahlanganyeli bacelwa ukuba balalele abantu abathathu bephendula imibuzo. Omunye wasabela ngokuzidla, engazinaki izinkolelo zabanye abantu. Okwesibili kugodliwe futhi akuthenjwa. Owesithathu wabonisa ukuthobeka: wayezethemba ngokwanele futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezimisele ukwamukela amanye amaphuzu.
Abacwaningi babuze ababambiqhaza ukuthi bayabathanda yini laba bantu futhi bangathanda ukuchitha isikhathi nabo. Izingane ezineminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala azibonisi ukukhetha okuthile. Izifundo ezineminyaka engu-7-8 ubudala zincamela umuntu onesizotha kunomuntu ozidlayo. Izingane ezineminyaka engu-10-11 ubudala zincamela ukuzotha kunokuzidla nokungakwazi ukwenza izinqumo.
Abacwaningi baphawula ngemiphumela: “Abantu abathobekile babalulekile emphakathini: benza kube lula ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu kanye nenqubo yokuxazulula izingxabano. Ngesizotha ekuhloleni amakhono abo obuhlakani, abantu basebancane babonwa kahle ngabanye.
Okunye okutholakele ukuthi isizotha sihambisana nenjongo. Ocwaningweni olwenziwa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Kendall Cotton Bronk, izingane ezigxile emigomweni zabonisa isizotha lapho kuxoxwa namalungu eqembu labacwaningi. Inhlanganisela yokuthobeka nokuba nenjongo yabasiza ukuba bathole abeluleki futhi basebenze nontanga abanomqondo ofanayo. Le mfanelo ihilela ukuzimisela ukucela usizo kwabanye, okuvumela izingane ukuba zifinyelele imigomo yazo futhi zithuthuke ekugcineni.