Amehlo akhathele noma i-asthenopia

njengoba izazi zamehlo zibiza lesi simo, sizibonakalisa ngendlela yezimpawu zokukhathala okubukwayo. Kulokhu, isiguli singakhala ngokuthi:

  • ukuncipha kokubona (umuzwa "weveli" noma "inkungu" phambi kwamehlo);
  • ukubukeka kokungacacile noma ukuphumula kwezinto okukhulunywa ngazo;
  • umuzwa “wesihlabathi” emehlweni;
  • ukubomvu kwamehlo;
  • i-photophobia noma ukuphazamiseka kokuzijwayeza okumnyama;
  • ubunzima noma ukungenzeki kokugxila ngokushesha lapho ushintsha ukubuka kwakho kusuka kude uye entweni ekude futhi ngokuphambene nalokho;
  • ikhanda;

Umgomo oyinhloko wokuxilonga we-asthenopia ukwanda kwezikhalazo ezichazwe ngenhla ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka okukhulu okubukwayo (ukusebenza kukhompyutha, ukusebenza ngamadokhumenti, ukufunda noma ukuthunga). Kulokhu, zonke izimpawu ezifanele zingase zehle kakhulu noma zinyamalale ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokuphumula.

I-Asthenopia

Kokubili abantu abadala kanye nezingane bayathinteka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo ngokuvamile sithinta izingane zesikole esiphakathi nesesikoleni esiphakeme, kanye nabafundi. Okusho ukuthi, zonke lezo zigaba zabantu abenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ohlobene nokucindezeleka okubukwayo isikhathi eside.

Ngakho-ke, izimbangela eziyinhloko kanye nezici zobungozi zokuthuthukiswa kwe-asthenopia yilezi:

  • ukufunda noma yimuphi umsebenzi obonwayo ekukhanyeni okuphansi;
  • ukusebenza kukhompyutha noma ukubukela i-TV isikhathi eside;
  • isikhathi eside sokushayela, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasebusuku;
  • umsebenzi ohlotshaniswa nokucindezeleka okubonakalayo okuqhubekayo, isibonelo, ukusebenza ngemininingwane emincane (i-embroidery, umsebenzi we-jeweler nezinye izimboni ezifanayo);
  • ukulungiswa okungalungile kwe-ametropia (i-myopia, ukubona kude noma i-astigmatism);
  • izifo ezivamile, ikakhulukazi i-endocrine;
  • ukudakwa;

Izinhlobo ze-asthenopia:

  • I-asthenopia yemisipha. Okuhambisana nobuthaka bokuhlangana okusho ukugxila okuguquguqukayo kwawo womabili amehlo entweni engashintshi. Lokhu kungaba nzima uma imisipha yamehlo ibuthakathaka.)
  • Indawo yokuhlala ye-asthenopia. Indawo yokuhlala iwuhlelo lwezemvelo lokushintsha amandla e-refractive weso ngesikhathi sokubona izinto ezitholakala ebangeni elihlukene ukusuka kuyo. I-apparatus yokulala yeso ihlanganisa: imicu yemisipha ebushelelezi ye-ciliary muscle, izintambo ze-zonular ligament, i-choroid ne-lens. Noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwalezi zakhiwo kungaba nomthelela ekwehleni kwendawo yokuhlala futhi kubangele izikhalazo ezithile ze-asthenopic.
  • I-asthenopia ehlanganisiwe yenzeka ngokuphazamiseka okuhlangene kokuhlangana nendawo yokuhlala.
  • I-Asthenopia yemizwa ingahlotshaniswa nokucindezeleka noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuhlukahlukene. 
  • I-Asthenopia ye-Symptomatic yenzeka ngama-pathologies ahlukahlukene wamehlo nezitho eziseduze futhi iyanyamalala lapho isifo esiyisisekelo selashwa (1).

I-asthenopia yemisipha ivamise ukwenzeka nge-myopia engalungiswanga, ukubona kude, i-presbyopia (ukubona kude okuhlobene nobudala) noma i-astigmatism.

Izikhalazo ze-Asthenopic zingase zenzeke nangezibuko ezikhethwe ngokungalungile ekuqaleni noma amalensi okuxhumana. Noma kungenzeka ukuthi i-myopia noma i-presbyopia ithuthukile, futhi isiguli siyaqhubeka sisebenzisa izibuko ezindala ezingasamfanele ngokwe-diopter.

I-asthenopia yemisipha ingenzeka futhi ngokumelene nesizinda sezifo ezijwayelekile ezithinta imisipha ye-rectus ocular, isibonelo, izifo ze-endocrine (thyrotoxicosis), i-myasthenia gravis noma i-myositis.

Nge-myopia, ukusebenza ezindaweni eziseduze kwenzeka ngokunyuka kwendawo yokuhlala, eyenziwa ngosizo lwemisipha yangaphakathi ye-rectus. Nge-strabismus, i-asthenopia yenzeka ngenxa yokukhathala ngenxa yesifiso sokunqoba ukuchezuka kwamehlo.

Izimbangela i-asthenopia yokuhlala - i-spasm yendawo yokuhlala, ukulungiswa okwanele kokubona kude kanye ne-astigmatism, i-ocular and general pathology eholela ebuthakathakeni bemisipha ye-ciliary, isibonelo, izifo ezivuthayo neziwohlokayo zeso. Lapho usebenza ebangeni eliseduze, ukungezwani kwendawo yokuhlala kuyadingeka, okwenziwa ngosizo lwemisipha ye-ciliary.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-asthenopia:

  • Ukunqunywa kokubona kahle ngokulungiswa nangaphandle kokulungiswa
  • I-Skiascopy yabafundi emincane futhi ebanzi (kaningi ezinganeni).
  • I-Refractometry enomfundi omncane futhi obanzi.
  • Ukunqunywa kwe-angle ye-strabismus kusetshenziswa indlela ye-Hirschberg kanye ne-synoptophore;
  • Ukunqunywa kwemvelo yombono usebenzisa isivivinyo samaphuzu amane;
  • Ukulinganisa indawo yokuhlala - isikrini esingabonakali sibekwe phambi kwelinye iso futhi enye icelwa ukuba ifunde umbhalo ebangeni elingu-33 cm. Khona-ke ama-lens angalungile anamandla akhulayo abekwe phambi kwawo futhi avunyelwe "ukujwayela" isikhathi esithile. Ilensi eqine kakhulu, umbhalo osengafundwa ngayo, ibhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala. Eminyakeni engu-20-30 ubudala ilingana nama-diopter angu-10, emva kweminyaka engama-40 iyancipha.
  • Ukunqunywa kwezinqolobane ze-fusion kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-synoptophore. Kulokhu, izingxenye ezimbili zesithombe zixhunywe ndawonye, ​​​​bese ziqala ukuhlukanisa isigamu semidwebo futhi zinqume ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho iso liqala ukubona isithombe njenge-2 ehlukene. Ngokuvamile, izindawo ezigciniwe ezinhle (eziguquguqukayo) zingama-degree angu-15-25, kanti izindawo ezingezinhle (divergent) zingama-degree angu-3-5. Nge-asthenopia ziyancipha. Kunganqunywa kusetshenziswa amalensi e-prismatic.

Ukwelashwa kwe-asthenopia.

Ukwelashwa kwe-asthenopia, njengomthetho, kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kuncike kakhulu esifisweni sesiguli nesimo sokuthola kabusha. Indlela eyinhloko ikhethwe kahle ukulungiswa kwe-ametropia ngezibuko noma amalensi okuxhumana. Ukwelashwa kwembangela ye-asthenopia, kuhlanganise ne-extraocular pathology, kuyimpoqo. Ukukhulula i-spasm yendawo yokuhlala futhi uphumule imisipha ye-ciliary, ama-mydriatics asebenza isikhathi esifushane afakwa, i-drop 1 nsuku zonke noma njalo ngolunye usuku ebusuku inyanga yonke.

Izindlela zokwelapha ze-Iron zisetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha izindawo zokuhlala ezinhle kanye nokuhlangana. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa amalensi amandla ahlukahlukene, amaprism nezifanisi ezikhethekile (2).

I-Iron nezindlela zekhompyutha zokwelapha i-amblyopia:

  • I-Synoptophore isiza ukuqeqesha nokuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina ze-fusional (ikhono lokuhlanganisa izithombe ezibukwayo ezivela kuwo womabili amehlo zibe isithombe esisodwa).
  • Ukugqugquzela i-laser kukhulula imisipha ye-ciliary. 
  • Umqeqeshi we-accomodo uthinta indawo yokuhlala lapho ebheka eduze nakude, futhi angasetshenziswa nasekhaya. 
  • Izinhlelo zekhompyutha ezihlukahlukene. Ukukhulula ukukhathala kwamehlo nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-computer syndrome - I-EyeDefender, Amehlo Aphephile, RELAX. Uma kukhona i-myopia, i-hypermetropia noma i-strabismus, khona-ke I-EYE, Strabismus, Blade, Flower, Crosses, Contour, njll. (3).

Ukwelashwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha kunikeza imiphumela emihle ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-asthenopia:

  • Ukulungiswa okulungile nokufika ngesikhathi kwamaphutha e-refractive (myopia, ukubona kude, i-astigmatism).
  • Ukuhambisana nomsebenzi kanye nombuso wokuphumula mayelana namehlo. Ngemuva kwehora ngalinye lobunzima beso, udinga ukuthatha ikhefu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungenza izivivinyo zamehlo.
  • Ukukhanya okwanele kwendawo kanye nokujwayelekile kwendawo yokusebenza.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwezibuko ezikhethekile ezinezimbobo kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwendawo yokuhlala.
  • Ukuthatha amavithamini noma izithasiselo zokudla zamehlo kanye nokudla okufanele, okulinganiselayo ngokujwayelekile.
  • Imisebenzi yezemidlalo nokufaneleka.

I-prognosis ye-asthenopia ngokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi nokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokuvimbela kuhle.

 

1. “Imisebenzi yeBinocular in ametropia” Shapovalov SL, Milyavsky TI, Ignatieva SA, Kornyushina TA St. Petersburg 2014

2. "Ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinkinga zokulala ku-myopia etholiwe" Zharov VV, Egorov AV, Konkova LV, Moscow 2008.

3. "Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwe-concomitant strabismus" Goncharova SA, Panteleev GV, eMoscow 2004.

shiya impendulo