Umthambo we-vertebral (umthambo, kusuka ku-Latin arteria, kusuka ku-artêria yamaGrikhi, i-vertebra, kusuka ku-Latin vertebra, kusuka ku-vertere) kuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwegazi elinomoya-mpilo ebuchosheni.

Isikhundla. Amabili ngesibalo, imithambo ye-vertebral kwesobunxele nangakwesokudla itholakala entanyeni nasekhanda.

Usayizi. Imithambo ye-vertebral ine-caliber ejwayelekile ye-3 kuye ku-4 mm. Bavame ukwethula i-asymmetry: umthambo we-vertebral ongakwesobunxele ngokuvamile unesilinganiso esikhudlwana kunomthambo we-vertebral ofanele. (1)

Origin. Umthambo we-vertebral uqhamuka ebusweni obungenhla besigxobo somthambo we-subclavia, futhi wenza igatsha lokuqala lesibambiso lalokhu. (1)

Indlela. Umthambo we-vertebral uhamba phezulu entanyeni ukujoyina ikhanda. Iboleka umsele onqamulelayo, owenziwe ukubekwa komgogodla womlomo wesibeletho. Ifika ezingeni le-vertebra yokuqala yomlomo wesibeletho, yeqa i-foramen magnum, noma i-occipital foramen, ukujoyina ingxenye engemuva yobuchopho. (2)

Ukuqedwa. Imithambo ye-vertebral emibili itholakala ezingeni lobuchopho, futhi ikakhulukazi ezingeni lomsele ophakathi kwebhuloho ne-medulla oblongata. Ziyahlangana zenze umthambo we-basilar noma isiqu. (2)

Amagatsha omthambo we-vertebral. Endleleni yayo, umthambo we-vertebral unikeza amagatsha amaningi angabalulekile. Sihlukanisa ikakhulukazi (3):

• Amagatsha e-dorso-spinal, avela ezingeni lomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho;
• Imithambo yomgogodla yangaphakathi neyangemuva, evela engxenyeni engasebenzi.

Irrigation. Imithambo ye-vertebral ke isiqu se-basilar sidlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-vascularization yezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho.

Ukuhlukaniswa komthambo we-vertebral kuyisifo esihambisana nokubukeka nokuthuthukiswa kwama-hematomas ngaphakathi komthambo we-vertebral. Ngokuya ngesimo salezi hematomas, izinga lomthambo lingancishiswa noma liphazanyiswe.

• Uma ukulinganiswa komthambo we-vertebral kuncishisiwe, kungavinjwa. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla noma ukumiswa kwe-vascularization, futhi kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yischemic.
• Uma ukulinganiswa komthambo we-vertebral kuphazamisekile, kungacindezela izakhiwo ezingomakhelwane. Kwezinye izimo, udonga lomthambo lungaqhuma futhi lubangele ingozi yokopha. Lokhu kuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic ne-hemorrhagic kwakha izingozi ze-cerebrovascular. (4) (5)
• I-thrombosis. Lesi sifo sihambisana nokwakheka kwegazi emgodini wegazi. Lapho lesi sifo sithinta umthambo, sibizwa ngokuthi i-arterial thrombosis. (5)

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Le pathology ihambelana nengcindezi eyeqile yegazi ngokumelene nezindonga zemithambo, eyenzeka ikakhulukazi ezingeni lomthambo wabesifazane. Kungakhuphula ubungozi besifo semithambo. (6)

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha. Ngokuya ngesimo okutholwe ngaso, imishanguzo ethile ingahle inqunyelwe ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi.

I-Thrombolyse. Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi semivimbo, le ndlela yokwelashwa iqukethe ukuqaqa i-thrombi, noma amahlule egazi, ngosizo lwezidakamizwa. (5)

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele kanye nokuziphendukela kwayo, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuhlolwe ubuhlungu obubonwa yisiguli.

Izivivinyo ze-Medical imaging. Ukuze uqinisekise noma ujulise ukuxilongwa, kungenziwa izivivinyo ze-X-ray, CT, CT angiography kanye ne-arteriography.

• I-Doppler ultrasound. Le-ultrasound ethize yenza sikwazi ukubona ukuhamba kwegazi.

Umthambo we-vertebral ungaphansi kokuhlukahluka okuhlukile kwe-anatomical, ikakhulukazi lapho ivela khona. Imvamisa iphuma ngaphezulu kobuso bomthambo we-subclavia kepha kuyenzeka ukuthi ivele iye ezansi ibe yigatsha lesibambiso lesibili lomthambo we-subclavia, ngemuva kwesiqu se-thyrocervical. Kungaphakama futhi ngenhla nomfula. Isibonelo, umthambo we-vertebral ongakwesobunxele uvela kwi-aortic arch kubantu abangu-5%. (1) (2)