Ingabe usebenza nengane yakho ehlobo? Noma umvumele aphumule futhi akhohlwe ngezifundo? Futhi uma wenza, bese kuthiwani futhi malini? Le mibuzo ihlale iphakama phambi kwabazali babafundi abancane. Izincomo ze-neuropsychologist u-Evgeny Shvedovsky.
Layisha noma cha? Yiqiniso, lolu daba kufanele lubhekwe esimweni ngasinye ngabanye. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ngokuphathelene nabafundi besikole samabanga aphansi, ngingancoma ukunamathela kulezi zimiso ezimbili ezilandelayo.
Landela ijubane lokukhula kwengane yakho
Uma indodana noma indodakazi yakho inomthwalo omkhulu phakathi nonyaka wesikole futhi imelana ngokuthula, ngakho-ke akufiseleki ngokuphelele ukukhansela amakilasi. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ungathatha ikhefu elifushane, bese-ke kungcono ukuqhubeka namakilasi, ngokushuba okuncane. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho eneminyaka engu-7-10 ingane ibona umsebenzi omusha oholayo - wokufundisa.
Izingane zifunda ukufunda, zithuthukisa ikhono lokwenza ngokohlelo, ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzimela namanye amakhono amaningi. Futhi akuthandeki ukunqamula le nqubo kungazelelwe ehlobo. Zama ukumsekela njalo ngesikhathi sasehlobo - ngokufunda, ukubhala, uhlobo oluthile lwemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa. Ukuze nje ingane ingalahlekelwa umkhuba wokufunda.
Gcina ibhalansi phakathi kwezingxenye zomdlalo nokufunda
Eminyakeni yesikole samabanga aphansi, kukhona ukuhlelwa kabusha phakathi kokudlala, okuvamile kubafundi basenkulisa, imisebenzi nokufunda. Kodwa umsebenzi wegeyimu usalokhu uhamba phambili okwamanje, ngakho vumela ingane idlale ngokuningi ngokuthanda kwayo. Kuhle uma eyingcweti kwezemidlalo emisha ehlobo, ikakhulukazi imidlalo - bonke bathuthukisa ikhono lokulawula ngokuzithandela, ukusebenzisana kwesandla neso, okuzosiza ingane ukuthi ifunde ngempumelelo esikhathini esizayo.
Emsebenzini wami nezingane, ngisebenzisa imidlalo ye-neuropsychology kusukela kuhlelo lokulungiswa kwezinzwa-motor (“Indlela yokubuyisela i-ontogenesis” ka-AV Semenovich). Nazo zingahlanganiswa ohlelweni lwakho lwamaholide. Nazi izivivinyo ezimbalwa ze-neuropsychological ezizofika kahle, noma kuphi lapho ingane iphumula khona - emaphandleni noma olwandle.
Ukuzivocavoca okungacindezeli ukuze uthole ukuphumula okuwusizo:
1. Ukudlala ibhola elinemithetho (isibonelo, ukushaya izandla)
Umdlalo wabadlali abathathu noma ngaphezulu, okungcono kunoyedwa noma ababili abadala. Abahlanganyeli bama embuthanweni bese bephonsa ibhola emoyeni besuka komunye umdlali baye komunye - embuthanweni, kungcono ukusebenzisa ibhola elikhulu kuqala. Khona-ke, lapho ingane isikwazi kahle ukuphosa ngebhola elikhulu, ungadlulela ebhola lethenisi. Okokuqala, sichaza umthetho: “Ngokushesha lapho omunye wabantu abadala eshaya izandla, siphonsa ibhola kwelinye icala. Lapho omunye wabantu abadala eshaya izandla kabili, abadlali baqala ukuphonsa ibhola ngendlela ehlukile - isibonelo, phansi, hhayi emoyeni. Umdlalo ungenziwa ube nzima kakhulu ngokushintsha ijubane - isibonelo, ukusheshisa, ukunciphisa - ungakwazi ukuhambisa bonke abadlali embuthanweni ngesikhathi esifanayo, njalonjalo.
Zuza. Lo mdlalo uthuthukisa amakhono okulawula okuzenzakalelayo kokuziphatha, okubandakanya ukunaka, ukulawula, ukulandela imiyalelo. Ingane ifunda ukwenza ngokuzithandela, ukuzilawula ngokuqaphela. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kwenzeka ngendlela yokudlala, ejabulisayo.
2. Umdlalo weminwe “Isitebhisi”
Kuwusizo ukuhlanganisa lo mdlalo nokufunda amavesi okungenzeka ukuthi ingane yakho yacelwa uthisha wezincwadi ngesikhathi samaholide. Okokuqala, funda "ukugijima" ngeminwe yakho eduze "kwesitebhisi" - vumela ingane icabange ukuthi inkomba neminwe ephakathi idinga ukukhuphuka izitebhisi endaweni ethile phezulu, kuqala ngeminwe yenkomba. Lapho ingane ingakwazi ukwenza lokhu kalula ngeminwe yezandla zombili, xhuma ukufundwa kwezinkondlo. Umsebenzi omkhulu ukufunda izinkondlo hhayi ngesigqi sezinyathelo eduze kwesitebhisi. Kudingeka ukuthi lezi zenzo zingavumelaniswa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuzivocavoca - iminwe yehla ezitebhisini.
Zuza. Sinikeza ingqondo yengane umthwalo okabili wokuqonda - inkulumo kanye nemoto. Izindawo ezihlukene zobuchopho zihilelekile emsebenzini ngesikhathi esifanayo - lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwe-interhemispheric kanye nekhono lokulawula nokulawula imisebenzi ehlukene.
3. Zivocavoce “I-Partisan”
Lo mdlalo uzothakazelisa ikakhulukazi kubafana. Kungcono ukuyidlala ekamelweni kukhaphethi, noma ogwini uma ingane ikhululekile ukukhasa esihlabathini. Ungadlala wedwa, kodwa ezimbili noma ezintathu kumnandi kakhulu. Chaza ingane ukuthi iyingxenye, futhi umsebenzi wayo ukusindisa umngane ekuthunjweni. Beka "isiboshwa" ekugcineni kwekamelo - kungaba yinoma iyiphi ithoyizi. Endleleni, ungafaka izithiyo - itafula, izihlalo, azokhasa ngaphansi kwazo.
Kodwa ubunzima buwukuthi i-partisan ivunyelwe ukukhasa ngendlela ekhethekile - kuphela ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesandla sokunene - ngonyawo lwakhe lokunene noma ngesandla sobunxele - ngonyawo lwakhe lwesobunxele. Siphonsa phambili umlenze wesokudla kanye nengalo, ngesikhathi esifanayo siphusha nabo futhi sikhase siye phambili. Awukwazi ukuphakamisa izindololwane zakho, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzotholwa i-partisan. Izingane ngokuvamile ziyayithanda. Uma izingane eziningana zidlala, ziqala ukuncintisana, zizama ukudlulana, ziqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ulandela imithetho.
Zuza. Lo mdlalo ubuye uqeqeshe ukulawulwa okuvamile, ngoba ingane kufanele igcine imisebenzi eminingana ekhanda layo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthuthukisa umuzwa womzimba wakhe, ukuqaphela imingcele yawo. Ikhasa ngendlela engavamile, ingane ikhombisa konke ukunyakaza. Futhi umdlalo uphinde uthuthukise ukusebenzisana kwesandla neso: ingane ibona ukuthi yenzani futhi kuphi. Lokhu kuthinta amakhono okufunda abalulekile. Isibonelo, kusiza umsebenzi wokukopisha ebhodini - ngaphandle kokuthi "isibuko" izinhlamvu nezinombolo.
4. Ukudweba ngezandla ezimbili “Amashiya”, “Smiles”
Ukuqedela lo msebenzi, uzodinga ibhodi lomaka/ushoki kanye nezimpawu ngokwazo noma amakhrayoni. Ungasebenzisa amapheshana anamathiselwe endaweni eqondile, namakhrayoni we-wax. Okokuqala, umuntu omdala uhlukanisa ibhodi zibe izingxenye ezi-2 ezilinganayo, bese udweba ama-arcs angama-symmetrical engxenyeni ngayinye - izibonelo zengane.
Umsebenzi wengane ungowokuqala kwesokudla, bese ngesandla sobunxele ukudweba i-arc phezu komdwebo womuntu omdala, okokuqala ohlangothini olulodwa, bese kuthi kwelinye, ngaphandle kokususa izandla zakhe, izikhathi ezingu-10 kuphela (ukunyakaza kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele). – ukusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla). Kubalulekile ukuthi sifinyelele "umphetho" omncane. Umugqa wengane nomuntu omdala kufanele ufane ngangokunokwenzeka. Khona-ke esinye isibonelo sidwetshwa ezinhlangothini zombili futhi ingane idonsa - "iqhuba" ngezandla zombili into efanayo.
Asikho isidingo sokukwenza ngokweqile futhi wenze lezi zivivinyo nsuku zonke - kwanele kanye noma kabili ngesonto, kungasekho.
Mayelana nochwepheshe
Evgeny Shvedovsky - i-neuropsychologist, isisebenzi seSikhungo Sezempilo Nentuthuko. St. Luke, umcwaningi omncane we-Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Isikhungo Sesayensi Yezempilo Yengqondo".