I-Transient Ischemic Attack ibhekisela ekuvinjweni komthambo wobuchopho isikhathi esifushane, okuholela ekulahlekelweni ukusetshenziswa kwesitho noma ukukhubazeka kobuso. Ngokuvamile kwandulela ukushaywa unhlangothi, ukushaywa unhlangothi okubucayi kakhulu.

I-Transient Ischemic Attack, noma i-TIA, inkinga yezempilo etholakala ohlelweni lwegazi lobuchopho. Lesi sakamuva sinesidingo esiqhubekayo sokunikezwa umoya-mpilo, igazi elimlethela wona ngomjikelezo ongapheli. Lapho ukunikezwa kwegazi kwehla ngokuzumayo noma kunqanyulwa, kungabizwa ngokuthi yi-ischemia.

I-Ischemia ingenzeka kunoma yisiphi isitho, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene (ihlule livimba umthambo wegazi, ukopha noma ukushaqeka). Ngakho-ke i-TIA ingukwehla kwesikhashana kokunikezwa kwegazi endaweni yobuchopho. Isici esisheshayo sibalulekile lapha, ngoba i-TIA ayibangeli noma iyiphi i-sequelae, futhi ngokuvamile ayihlali ngaphezu kwehora. Uma ingozi ithatha isikhathi eside, izindawo zegazi ezingalungile noma ezinganiselwanga kahle ebuchosheni zizowohloka ngokushesha, okuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu: Ingozi Yemithambo Yengqondo (stroke), noma i-infarction.

Singafingqa ngokuthi isifo sohlangothi siyi-TIA ethathe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Noma ngokuphambene, i-TIA iwuhlangothi olufushane kakhulu. Iningi labo alihlali ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyishumi, okubi kakhulu amahora ambalwa. Umehluko usesikhathini sokuntuleka komoya-mpilo ezindaweni ezithintekile. Ngamafuphi, i-AIT ifana nokucwilisa ikhanda ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzwana embalwa, kuyilapho ukushaywa unhlangothi kuzominza imizuzu embalwa: imiphumela ebuchosheni nasemzimbeni ayinakulinganiswa, kodwa imbangela ihlala ifana.

Umehluko wezimpawu?

Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zizofana nalezo zestroke, yingakho kubalulekile ukuzibona. Ngakho-ke kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-TIA ivame kakhulu ukwandulela unhlangothi. Iziguli eziningi ze-TIA zisengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sohlangothi zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90. 

Ngakho-ke i-TIA iyindlela yokuvimbela isifo sohlangothi, ngomqondo wokuthi i-TIA elula ngokuvamile ngeke ibe nemiphumela kumakhono esiguli esithintekile, kodwa izovimbela imiphumela emibi kakhulu yokushaywa unhlangothi.

Imbangela ye-TIA i-ischemia, okuwukuvimbeka kwesikhashana komthambo wobuchopho. Izimbangela ze-ischemia zihlukene:

Ihlule livimba umthambo

Ihlule yigama elivamile elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza i-thrombus, inqwaba yegazi elihlangene. Lezi zingakha ngokwemvelo egazini, futhi zibe nendima yokulungisa noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka emithanjeni nasemithanjeni. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, la “mahlule” azogcina esendaweni engafanele: lapho ewela khona noma emnyango wevalvu, aze avimbe ukuphuma kwegazi.

Endabeni ye-TIA, bavimba igazi eliholela emthanjeni osendaweni yobuchopho. Uma zishiywe isikhathi eside, zingabangela isifo sohlangothi, futhi kulimaze indawo eyomile. Ku-TIA, ihlule libonakala liziphumela lodwa, noma liphuka ngokwemvelo.

Ukuqhekeka, ukopha

Kulesi simo, i-artery iyanqunywa noma yonakaliswe, endaweni noma ngaphakathi, okungabangela ukopha kwe-cerebral, okuyinto ngokuhlanganisa kungaholela ku-ischemia.

Vuthela, ukucindezela

Imithambo ecindezelwe ebuchosheni ingabangela i-TIA uma umthambo uvaleka okwesikhashana.

Izimpawu ze-TIA ziyefana nalezo ze-stroke, kodwa isikhathi esifushane (kusuka emaminithini ambalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa kakhulu). Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu: 

• Ukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo kombono kwelinye iso;
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso ohlangothini olulodwa;
• Ubunzima bokuzibonakalisa ngesikhathi esifushane;
• Ukulahlekelwa amandla esithweni esisodwa (ingalo, umlenze), ngakolunye uhlangothi.

Bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha

Iphutha lokungalenzi ngemuva kwe-AIT ukuyithatha kancane. I-TIA ivame ukuba ngumanduleli we-stroke. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa, futhi izimpawu sezinyamalele ngokuphelele, usazodinga ukuxhumana ngokushesha nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kobuchopho bakho. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi imbangela yehlule emithanjeni ebuchosheni isekhona, futhi ukuthi entsha yakheka, kulokhu inkulu.

Xhumana ne-SAMU

Uma ungabaza, kungenzeka ukuthintana ne-SAMU ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zivela emizuzwini embalwa. Uma lezi sezinyamalele, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.

Isibhedlela

Uma udokotela ebona kudingekile, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kuzotuswa ngenkathi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuthile:

• I-MRI (i-Magnetic Repulsion Imaging);
• I-Ultrasound yemithambo yentamo noma yenhliziyo;
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Izimbangela ze-TIA zihlukahlukene, futhi ngokuvamile zixhunyaniswa nendlela yokuphila yesiguli noma izifo ezihlukahlukene:

• Ukuba khona kwe-cholesterol ephezulu egazini;
• Diabetes;
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu;
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, indlela yokuphila engenzi lutho;
• Ugwayi, utshwala;
• I-Arrhythmia, ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo.

Ngayinye yalezi zimbangela zizoba nokuvimbela okuhlukile, kusukela ekudleni kuya ekuvivinyeni umzimba, okuzodinga ukuqondiswa nodokotela wakho.