I-tracheostomy iyimbobo yokuhlinzwa yoqhoqhoqho ukuze kuthuthukiswe umoya wokungenisa umoya kusetshenziswa i-ventilator. Lokhu kungenelela kungenziwa ngenani elithile lezimo futhi ikakhulukazi ekunakekelweni okukhulu. 

I-tracheostomy ihlanganisa ukudala ukuvuleka okuncane ku-larynx nokufaka i-cannula encane kuyo, ethuthukisa umoya wokungena komoya (ukungena nokuphuma komoya emaphashini), ngomshini noma ngaphandle komshini. Lesi senzo sidlula umgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu (ikhala nomlomo). Umoya akusadingeki udlule emakhaleni noma emlonyeni ukuze ufinyelele emaphashini. I-tracheostomy ingaba ingunaphakade noma yesikhashana.

Ukulungiselela i-tracheostomy

Uma i-tracheostomy ingenziwa esimweni esiphuthumayo, yandulelwa ukubonisana nokubulawa kwezinzwa. 

Yenziwa kanjani i-tracheostomy?

I-tracheostomy ingenziwa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile noma nge-percutaneously ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo.

Ukuze uthole i-tracheostomy yokuhlinzwa, ukusika kwenziwa ezingeni loqhoqhoqho phakathi kwamasongo oqwanga wesi-2 nowesine. I-tracheostomy cannula ibe isifakwa kuqhoqhoqho ngale ndawo.

I-percutaneous tracheostomy yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, ngezinye izikhathi nge-sedation eyengeziwe, eceleni kombhede wesiguli ekunakekelweni okukhulu hhayi egunjini lokuhlinza. Kulokhu, akukho ukusikwa kwesikhumba. Uqhoqhoqho ubhotshozwa ngenaliti. Le inaliti isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umhlahlandlela oqinile lapho kwethulwa khona ama-dilator amakhulu namakhudlwana aze afinyelele ububanzi be-cannula. 

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo kakhulu, i-tracheostomy ingenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ngaphandle kwegumbi lokuhlinza.

I-tracheostomy yesikhashana iboniswa ngokuphuthuma okukhulu ezimweni zokuvinjelwa komzila womoya ophezulu (i-asphyxia) lapho ukutholakala kwe-tracheal kungenakwenzeka noma kuphikisana.

I-tracheostomy yesikhashana ingenziwa futhi ukuze kulungiselelwe ukuhlinzwa kwe-laryngeal noma i-pharyngeal, ukuze kunqobe intubation enzima phakathi ne-anesthesia, ukuvumela umoya omude wemishini kumuntu onakekela kakhulu. 

I-tracheostomy eqondile ingenziwa kubantu abanokwehluleka ukuphefumula okungapheli okuthuthukisiwe, uma kwenzeka i-anomaly emaphakathi noma e-peripheral ye-oropharyngeal junction (mouth-pharynx) enezinkinga zokugwinya noma uma kwenzeka izifo ze-neuromuscular (ezifana ne-myopathy) lapho ubuthakathaka bomzimba buyancipha. imisipha yokuphefumula noma ukukhubazeka ekulawuleni kwayo kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphefumula futhi kudinga usizo lokuphefumula. 

Imiphumela yalokhu kungenelela ngokuvamile ayibhekwa njengebuhlungu. Ama-analgesics alawulwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa aqeda noma yibuphi ubuhlungu. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, i-cannula ingase icasule noma ibangele ukukhwehlela kwe-reflex. Kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukujwayela ishubhu le-tracheostomy kanye namaviki ambalwa ukuze ungalizwa nhlobo. I-tracheostomy ayikuvimbeli ukukhuluma noma ukudla ngokulungiswa okuthile. 

Ukuphila nge-tracheostomy

Lapho i-tracheostomy icacile (uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okungapheli kokuphefumula okungapheli noma uma kwenzeka isifo se-neuromuscular, isibonelo), i-tracheotomy ihlangene njengesigaba esinzima. ubuqotho bakhe obungokomzimba, ithemba lokuphila ngokucindezela okwengeziwe. Nokho, kuletha izinzuzo. Ukuphefumula kulula kakhulu ngalo moya ohlaselayo kunokungena komoya ongahlaseli. 

Ochwepheshe bezempilo bafundisa iziguli ze-tracheostomy kanye nalabo abaseduze kwazo ukuthi yini ukunakekelwa okudingekayo: ukushintsha i-cannula, ukunakekelwa kwe-orifice yoqhoqhoqho, izifiso ze-endotracheal… Bangaqeqesha labo abaseduze kwabo ukwenza lokhu kunakekela. 

Ukwazi : Uma i-tracheostomy ingeyesikhashana, ukususwa kwe-cannula kuvumela ukuvuleka kwe-pharynx kuvalwe phakathi nezinsuku.