I-aorta ye-thoracic (evela ku-Greek aortê, okusho umthambo omkhulu) ifana nengxenye ye-aorta.

Isikhundla. I-aorta ingumthambo oyinhloko oholela enhliziyweni. Yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili:

• ingxenye ye-thoracic, eqala enhliziyweni futhi idlulela ku-thorax, eyenza i-aorta ye-thoracic;
• ingxenye yesisu, elandela ingxenye yokuqala futhi inabele esiswini, eyakha i-aorta yesisu.

Ukwakheka. I-aorta ye-thoracic ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu (1):

• Ukukhuphuka kwe-aorta ye-thoracic. Yakha ingxenye yokuqala ye-aorta ye-thoracic.

  Origin. I-aorta enyukayo ye-thoracic iqala ku-ventricle engakwesokunxele senhliziyo.

  Suitt. Iyakhuphuka futhi ibonakale ivuvukele kancane, ibizwa ngokuthi i-bulb ye-aorta.

  Ukuqedwa. Iphela ezingeni lobambo lwesibili elizonwetshwa yingxenye evundlile ye-aorta ye-thoracic.

  Amagatsha aphathelene nomngcele. I-aorta enyukayo ye-thoracic inika imithambo yegazi, eboshelwe inhliziyo. (2)

• I-aorta ye-thoracic evundlile. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-aortic arch noma i-aortic arch, yindawo exhuma izingxenye ezikhuphukayo nezisehla ze-aorta ye-thoracic. (2)

  Umsuka. I-arch ye-aorta ilandela ingxenye enyukayo, ezingeni lobambo lwesibili.

  Indlela. Ijika futhi inwebeke ngokuvundlile nangokucaba, ngakwesobunxele nangemuva.

  Ukuqedwa. Iphela ezingeni le-vertebra yesine ye-thoracic.

  Amagatsha aphathelene nomngcele.

  I-aortic arch inika amagatsha amaningi (2) (3):

  Isiqu semithambo ye-Brachiocephalic. Iqala ekuqaleni kwe-aortic arch, idlulele phezulu iye emuva kancane. Ihlukaniswe ngamagatsha amabili: i-carotid eyinhloko eyiyo kanye ne-subclavia efanele, emiselwe ukujoyina okulungile kwe-sternoclavicular.

  I-carotid eyinhloko engakwesobunxele. Iqala ngemuva kwe-arortic arch nangakwesobunxele be-brachiocephalic arterial trunk. Ikhuphukela ngasezansi kwentamo. Umthambo ongakwesokunxele we-subclavia. Iqala ngemuva komthambo oyinhloko wesobunxele we-carotid futhi ikhuphukele ukujoyina isisekelo sentamo.

  Umthambo we-thyroid ophansi we-Neubauer. Ukungahambelani, imvamisa kuqala phakathi komboko we-brachio-cephalic arterial kanye nomthambo wesobunxele wokuqala we-carotid. Iyakhuphuka futhi iphelela esiqwini segilo.

• Ukwehla kwe-aorta ye-thoracic. Iyingxenye yokugcina ye-aorta ye-thoracic.

  Umsuka. I-aorta ye-thoracic eyehlayo iqala ezingeni le-4 vertebra thoracic.

  Indlela. Kwehlela ngaphakathi kwe-mediastinum, indawo yokwakheka etholakala phakathi kwamaphaphu amabili futhi equkethe izitho ezahlukahlukene kubandakanya nenhliziyo. Ngemuva kwalokho idlula nge-diaphragmatic orifice. Iyaqhubeka nohambo lwayo, isondela maphakathi nendawo ukuze izimise phambi komgogodla. (1) (2)

  Ukuqedwa. I-aorta ye-thoracic eyehlayo iphela ezingeni le-vertebra ye-thoracic ye-12, futhi inwetshwa yi-aorta yesisu. (1) (2)

  Amagatsha aphathelene nomngceles. Zikhulisa amagatsha amaningi: amagatsha e-visceral enzelwe izitho ze-thoracic; amagatsha weparietali odongeni lwesifuba.

  Imithambo yegazi. Baqala kusukela engxenyeni engenhla ye-aorta ye-thoracic bese bejoyina i-bronchi, futhi inani labo liyahlukahluka.

  Imithambo yegazi. Kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-4, le mithambo yegazi emihle ivela ngakuyo yonke i-aorta yesifuba ukuze ijoyine i-esophagus.

  Imithambo ephakathi. Ukwakhiwa kwama-arterioles amancane, aqala ebusweni bangaphambili be-aorta yesifuba ngaphambi kokujoyina i-pleura, i-pericardium ne-ganglia.

  Imithambo ye-intercostal engemuva. Ayishumi nambili ngenani, avela ebusweni bangasemuva be-aorta ye-thoracic futhi asatshalaliswa ezingeni lezikhala ezihambisanayo ze-intercostal. (12)

I-Vascularization. Ngosizo lwamagatsha alo amaningi ahlinzeka ngodonga lwe-thoracic kanye nezitho ze-visceral, i-aorta ye-thoracic idlala indima enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemithambo yomzimba.

Ukuqina kodonga. I-aorta inodonga olunwebekayo oluyivumela ukuthi ivumelane nokwehluka kwengcindezi okuvela ngezikhathi zokuncipha kwenhliziyo nokuphumula.

I-aneurysm ye-thoracic aortic iyazalwa noma iyatholakala. Le pathology ifana nokuvuleka kwe-aorta ye-thoracic, eyenzeka lapho izindonga ze-aorta zingasafani. Njengoba iqhubeka, i-aortic aneurysm yesisu ingaholela ku: (4) (5)

• kokucindezelwa izitho ezingomakhelwane;
• i-thrombosis, okungukuthi, ukwakheka kwe-clot, ku-aneurysm;
• ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlukaniswa kwe-aorta;
• inkinga yefissure ehambelana "nokuqhekeka kwangaphambili" futhi okuholela ebuhlungu;
• i-aneurysm eqhekekile ehambelana nokudilika kodonga lwe-aorta.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngesigaba se-aneurysm nesimo sesiguli, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa kwi-aorta ye-thoracic.

Ukuqashwa kwezokwelapha. Uma kwenzeka kunama-aneurysms amancane, isiguli sibekwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha kepha akudingi ukuthi sihlinzwe.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuhlola ubuhlungu besisu kanye / noma be-lumbar obuzwayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuze kusungulwe noma kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa, i-ultrasound yesisu ingenziwa. Ingangezelelwa yi-CT scan, i-MRI, i-angiography, noma i-aortography.

Umthambo we-thyroid ophansi we-Neubauer ubizwa ngegama lakhe le-anatomist kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo waseJalimane wekhulu le-18 uJohann Neubauer. (6)