Inhliziyo ivele iyeke ukusebenza. Uma engalutholi usizo ngokushesha, uzofa

I-myocardial infarction kanye nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe yizimo ezimbili eziphuthumayo zenhliziyo. Zombili ziyingozi empilweni nasempilweni, kepha indlela yazo ihluke ngokuphelele. Yiziphi izimbangela ezihlukene, izimpawu kanye nendlela yokusiza isisulu esimweni ngasinye, kuchaza uDkt. Szymon Budrejko ovela eMnyangweni Wezifo Zenhliziyo Nenhliziyo Electrotherapy we-Medical University of Gdańsk, ilungu leBhodi Le-Heart Rhythm Section of the Polish Society I-Cardiology..

1. Isifo senhliziyo yisimo lapho ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni ye-coronary kuvalwe ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele. Uphawu luwubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe futhi obunzima, kodwa lokhu akuhlotshaniswa njalo nokulahlekelwa ukwazi
2. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe kuyisimo lapho umsebenzi wemishini wenhliziyo uphela khona
3. I-SCA izokwaziwa ngokuyinhloko ngemva kokuba isisulu silahlekelwe ukwazi, ukungabi khona kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula okuzwakalayo - kusho uDkt. Szymon Budrejko 
4. Kuyisimo esisongela ukuphila esidinga ukungenelela ngokushesha - kunezela udokotela wenhliziyo
5. Ungathola ezinye izindaba ezinjalo ekhasini lasekhaya le-TvoiLokony

Inhliziyo - umsebenzi wemishini nogesi

- Umsebenzi wenhliziyo ukupompa igazi, okuthi, kanye nomoya-mpilo, lilethwe kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu zomzimba womuntu. Ukuze “ipompo” yethu isebenze kahle, idinga isikhuthazo, uhlobo oluthile lwesiqalisi. Imodi efanele yokusebenza kwenhliziyo ayibalulekile kangako; ukugcina umjikelezo ofanele wokufinyela kwayo kanye nama-diaster, okungukuthi, "ukuqondisa" okufanele - kusho uDkt. Szymon Budrejko.

Enhliziyweni, yonke into iqala ngesignali kagesi - umfutho "oyala" amangqamuzana afanele ukuthi avume futhi aphumule ngokulandelana okulungile. Ngaphandle kwesigqi esifanele senhliziyo, okungukuthi, umjikelezo ofanele wokufinyela nokuphumula kwenhliziyo - ukuvuselela kuqala i-atria bese kuba ama-ventricles, akukho ukulawula okufanele. Ngokulandela uphawu olufanele lokulawula, amagumbi enhliziyo ayafinyela, futhi akhiphe igazi, aliphushele enhliziyweni futhi esuka lapho aliyise endaweni ezungezile. Ngakho kunezinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene ezisebenza enhliziyweni: ugesi kanye nemishini. Zombili zibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwesitho kanye nomzimba wonke futhi zixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa.

Ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo - ukuvaleka kwemithambo yenhliziyo

- Nakuba emithonjeni yezindaba kwenzeka ukuthi igama elithi "ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo" libonakala, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi kumagama ezokwelapha asePoland igama elinjalo aliveli. Kuyitemu nephepha lokulandela umkhondo, ukuhunyushwa kwangempela kwenkulumo yesiNgisi yesifo senhliziyo. Igama elilungile lesi-Polish lesimo esichazwe yileli gama i-myocardial infarction. Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ngakho - kusho uDkt. Szymon Budrejko.

Isifo senhliziyo yisimo lapho ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni ye-coronary kuvalwe ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele, okuholela ku-ischemia ne-necrosis yemisipha yenhliziyo. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka kaningi ngenxa yokuqhekeka nokuhlukaniswa kwengcezu ye-atherosclerotic plaque, evimba ngokuzumayo umkhumbi wenhliziyo. Lokhu kuholela ekuvaleni kwegazi nokuvalwa kwe-lumen yomkhumbi.

Uma ukunikezwa kwegazi endaweni ethile yenhliziyo kuvimbekile noma kunqanyuliwe, izingcezu zezicubu ezincishwe izakhi kanye nomoya-mpilo osegazini ziqala ukufa. Lesi simo singenzeka, phakathi kokunye, ngenxa yokucindezeleka okukhulu, ukuzivocavoca umzimba noma izici ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala. Kuyisimo esiphuthumayo futhi ukungenelela okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka.

Isifo senhliziyo - ungasiza kanjani?

Uphawu lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ubuhlungu obungalindelekile futhi obunzima esifubeni. Umuntu angase aphaphame, aphefumule kahle noma aphefumule ngokushesha, inhliziyo yakhe ishaye kancane, futhi ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakhe kuvame ukukhuphuka. Ezinye izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo zingase zihlanganisa ubuthakathaka, ukuphaphatheka nokujuluka.

- Uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, usizo lokuqala luhlanganisa ngokushesha ukubiza i-ambulensi, ngokulandela imiyalelo ye-dispatcher kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwesisulu. Akudingekile ukwenza i-CPR. Kulokhu, umgomo uwukuthutha umuntu olimele ukumyisa esikhungweni esinokunakekelwa kwenhliziyo okukhethekile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka nokubuyisela ukutholakala kwegazi okulungile emsipha wenhliziyo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Isimo siyashintsha lapho isisulu siqala ukuboshwa ngokuzumayo kwenhliziyo (SCA) ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (akudingekile ukuba kwenzeke, kodwa kungenzeka). I-SCA ingaziwa ngokuyinhloko ngemva kokuba isisulu silahlekelwe ukwazi, futhi akukho ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula okuzwakalayo. Esimweni esinjalo, kukhona usongo oluqondile ekuphileni, futhi inqubo efanele ihluke ngokuphelele - kusho uDkt Szymon Budrejko.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe - inkinga ebulalayo ye-arrhythmic

- Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe (SCA) yisimo lapho umsebenzi wemishini wenhliziyo uyeka khona. Kungase kubangelwe ukungasebenzi kahle “kuhlelo lokulawula” - isibonelo, i-arrhythmia ebangela ukuthi umfutho kagesi enhliziyweni usabalale ngokushesha futhi/noma ngendlela exakile kangangokuthi inhliziyo ifinyela futhi iphumule ngokulingana, okubangela ukuba inhliziyo iphazamise umjikelezo wayo. . kuba bucayi kangangokuthi “ipompo” yethu ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ngendlela efanele futhi isakaze igazi ngendlela efanele. Inhliziyo iyeke ukushaya. Kuyisimo sokusongela ukuphila ngokushesha, esidinga ukungenelela ngokushesha - kuchaza uDkt. Szymon Budrejko.

Njengoba uchwepheshe echaza, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe kungenzeka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngenxa “yokunqunywa” kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwenhliziyo. Ukuwohloka noma ukunqamuka kokunikezwa kwegazi emisipha yenhliziyo kuholela ekuntulekeni kwamandla "kwephampu" kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini kwenhliziyo, kodwa kungase kuthinte "ukulawula" kagesi kwenhliziyo futhi kuholele ku-arrhythmias esongela ukuphila. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungase kuholele noma kungenzeki ku-arrhythmias okungase kubangele ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe ngenxa ye-arrhythmia kungenzeka hhayi kuphela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo.

I-myocardial infarction ingenye yezimbangela ezingenzeka ze-ventricular fibrillation noma i-ventricular tachycardia, izifo ezimbili ezisongela ukuphila ze-ventricular arrhythmia ezingabangela inhliziyo ukuyeka ukushaya. Lawa ma-arrhythmia angenzeka nasezigulini ezinhliziyo zilimele ngenxa ye-ischemia engapheli (okungukuthi isifo senhliziyo eside), ngisho noma zingakaze zibe nesifo senhliziyo noma kudala saba nako.

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-SCA ayenzeka ngenxa yezinye izinto ezingajwayelekile noma izifo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, ngokwesibonelo, izifo zenhliziyo zofuzo, okuthi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-ionic, ziphazamise umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo futhi zibe nomthelela ekuqaleni kwe-arrhythmias. Kwenzeka ukuthi izimpawu zalolu hlobo lwesifo zitholakala ku-ECG yokulandelela, kodwa lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umlando wezifo ezihlukahlukene zenhliziyo emndenini oseduze wesiguli ungaba usizo. Uma othile osondelene nawe evuselelwe noma efakwe i-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), lokhu kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuxilonga.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe nakho kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuhlobene ne-cardiomyopathy. Kulokhu, inhliziyo ilimale kakhulu ngenxa yalesi sifo futhi umsebenzi wayo uphazamiseka. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka futhi ukuthi ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kwenzeka enhliziyweni enempilo ephilayo - kubantu abasha, kuhlanganise nabagijimi. Icala ngalinye lidinga ukuxilonga okunemininingwane okuhloswe ngayo ukuqeda imbangela yokwenzeka kwe-SCA kanye nokuvimbela izigameko zesikhathi esizayo ezingaba khona.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe - ungasiza kanjani?

Uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lokuboshwa kwenhliziyo ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo, ngokungafani ne-syncope emfushane, isiguli asikwazi ukuqaphela ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kwesikhashana. Isiguli sinokushaya kwenhliziyo okungabonakali futhi asiphefumuli kahle.

Ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokusiza isisulu ukubiza ngokushesha usizo futhi uthathe ukuvuselela. Okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi lubonisa ukuthi ngokushesha isenzo esinjalo sithathwa (isici esiyinhloko esibizwa ngokuthi i-massage yenhliziyo yangaphandle, okungukuthi ukucindezelwa kwesigqi se-sternum nesifuba), amathuba okusinda kwabalimele (ngakho-ke ayanda). kubalulekile ukuqeqesha abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka kulolu hlu noma nini lapho kungenzeka).

Ukwengeza, kungase kudingeke i-defibrillation, okungukuthi ukulethwa komfutho kagesi ozobuyisela isigqi senhliziyo esivamile sesiguli. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi i-defibrillation ingenziwa yizinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nge-AED (I-Automated External Defibrillator) - i-defibrillator yangaphandle ezenzakalelayo. Le divayisi, etholakala ngenani elandayo lamaphuzu omphakathi kanye nokungewona omphakathi, ngemuva kokuxhuma kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe, izohlaziya ngokuzimela isigqi senhliziyo yakhe, ifundise abantu abahlinzeka ngosizo futhi benze i-defibrillation uma kunesidingo, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele isisulu kuze kufike i-ambulensi.

- I-AED injalo, okokuqala, kufanelekile ukwazi ngalo mshini. Khona-ke i-reflex yemvelo izoba ukuyibheka uma kwenzeka umcimbi ohilela umuntu olimele ngenxa yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe. Okwesibili, hlala uzolile, finyelela kusakhiwo, futhi ufunde imiyalelo. Idivayisi izosiqondisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo; Njengoba sinikeza usizo lwe-AED, sifunda okufanele sikwenze ngokulandelayo. Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ukuthi i-defibrillation izokwenziwa yisistimu kuphela uma idivayisi ibona kudingekile ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni kwayo. Uma kungenjalo, izokutshela ukuthi wenzeni ngokulandelayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-AED yesisulu sokuboshwa kwenhliziyo ngokuqinisekile ngeke kubuhlungu - khumbula lokho futhi ungesabi ukusebenzisa lesi simiso. I-SCA iyisimo esisongela ukuphila ngokushesha. I-defibrillation esheshayo nokubuyiselwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo ngokuvamile kuyithuba kuphela lokusinda nokugwema ukukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka! – unxusa uDkt. Szymon Budrejko.