Sigmund Freud: Biography, amaqiniso athakazelisayo, ividiyo

😉 Ngibingelele kubafundi bami abavamile nabasha! Esihlokweni esithi "Sigmund Freud: biography, amaqiniso" mayelana nezigaba eziyinhloko empilweni ye-psychoanalyst edumile yase-Austrian, isazi sezifo zengqondo, isazi sezinzwa.

Biography of Sigmund Freud

Ukhokho we-psychoanalysis, uSigmund Freud wazalwa ngoMeyi 6, 1856, kusukela emshadweni wesibili womthengisi wezindwangu ongumJuda uJacob Freud. Indodana ayizange ilandele ezinyathelweni zikayise. Ethonywe othisha abavelele, wakhetha isayensi yezokwelapha. Ikakhulukazi, i-psychology, i-neurology, imvelo yemvelo yomuntu.

USigmund wachitha ubuntwana bakhe edolobheni lase-Austrian iFreiberg. Lapho eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, umndeni wakwaFreud walahlekelwa imali futhi wathuthela eVienna. Ekuqaleni, umama wayehlanganyela emfundweni yendodana, bese uyise ethatha induku. Umfana wathatha izintambo kuyise ukuthanda ukufunda.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-9, uSigmund wangena e-gymnasium futhi eneminyaka engu-17 wathweswa iziqu ezinhle kakhulu. Umfana wayethanda ukufunda izincwadi nefilosofi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayazi izilimi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe: isiJalimane, isiGreki, isiFulentshi, iSpanishi, isiNtaliyane, isiNgisi.

Engakanqumi ekukhetheni umsebenzi wakhe wokuphila, uSigmund wangena e-University of Vienna. Zonke izinhlobo zokuhlekwa usulu nokuhlaselwa okuvela emphakathini wabafundi abamelene namaSemite mayelana nemvelaphi yakhe kwaqina futhi kwaqinisa isimilo sikaSigmund.

Ifilosofi kaFreud

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, udokotela wezokwelapha wabhala futhi wanyathelisa imisebenzi eminingi yesayensi. Iqoqo eliphelele lemisebenzi yakhe liyimiqulu engama-24. Imisebenzi yokuqala yesayensi yabhalwa nguSigmund phakathi neminyaka yakhe yomfundi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha. Ekuqaleni, lezi kwakuyimisebenzi ku-zoology, kwase kuba yi-neurology, i-anatomy.

Udokotela osemusha wayenethemba lokuhlanganisa ukuphila kwakhe nokucwaninga kwesayensi. Ngenxa yokuntula indlela yokuziphilisa nangeseluleko somphathi wakhe, uBrücke washiya ilabhorethri yesikole wayothatha imithi ewusizo.

USigmund wanquma ukwenza amakhono awusizo ekuhlinzeni, kodwa waphelelwa isithakazelo kuwo. Kodwa i-neuralgia yaba ibhizinisi elithakazelisayo, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kokukhubazeka kwezingane.

Ngemva kokubhala amaphepha amaningana, uFreud wanquma ukugxila kwengqondo. Esebenza ngaphansi kuka-Theodor Meiner, uSigmund wabhala izihloko ezimbalwa mayelana ne-histology yokuqhathanisa kanye ne-anatomy.

Ngemva kokufunda imisebenzi yomunye wososayensi baseJalimane mayelana nezakhiwo ze-cocaine (yandisa ukukhuthazela, kunciphisa ukukhathala), unquma ukuzihlolela yona.

Ngemva kokuhlolwa “okuphumelele”, isihloko esithi “Mayelana nompheki” sanyatheliswa. Kodwa lo msebenzi kanye nocwaningo olwengeziwe kwadonsa igagasi lokugxekwa. Kamuva, kwabhalwa eminye imisebenzi eminingana ngalesi sihloko.

• 1885 - UFreud waya eParis ukuyofunda izisekelo zokuluthwa ingqondo nodokotela wengqondo uCharcot;
• Ngo-1886 uSigmund wafunda izifo zobuntwana eBerlin. Ukunganeliseki ngemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwe-hypnosis kwaholela endleleni "yokukhuluma" imicabango kanye nezinhlangano - ukuqala kokudalwa kwe-psychoanalysis. Incwadi ethi "Investigation of Hysteria" - yaba umsebenzi wokuqala wesayensi;
• Ngo-1890 - Incwadi ethi "The Interpretation of Dreams" yashicilelwa. UFreud wayibhala ngesisekelo samaphupho akhe futhi wakubheka njengempumelelo yakhe eyinhloko ekuphileni;
• 1902 - Inhlangano yangoLwesithathu Psychological Society yaqala umsebenzi wayo. Le kilabhu ibihanjelwe abangani kanye neziguli zangaphambili zikadokotela.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amalungu eqembu ahlukaniswa amakamu amabili. Ingxenye yokuhlukana yayiholwa ngu-Alfred Adler, owayegxeka ezinye zezinkolelo-mbono zikaFreud. Ngisho nomngane wakhe omkhulu, uCarl Jung, wamshiya umngane wakhe ngenxa yokungezwani okungenakuxazululeka.

Sigmund Freud: ukuphila siqu

UFreud wenza isinqumo sokushiya umsebenzi wesayensi futhi ayozijwayeza ngothando. UMarta Bernays wayevela emndenini wamaJuda. Kodwa washada kuphela ngo-1886 ngemva kokubuya eParis naseBerlin. UMarta wazala izingane eziyisithupha.

Ngo-1923, uSigmund watholakala enomdlavuza wolwanga. Wahlinzwa izikhathi ezingu-32, umphumela walokho kwaba ukukhishwa umhlathi ingxenye. Ngemva kwalokho, uFreud akabange esafundisa abafundi.

Ngo-1933, iNational Socialists yaqala ukubusa, iholwa ngu-Adolf Hitler. Washaya imithetho eminingi emelene namaJuda. Izincwadi ezivinjelwe eziphikisana nemibono yamaNazi, kuhlanganise nezincwadi zikaFreud.

Ngo-1938, ngemva kokuthathwa kwe-Austria eJalimane, isikhundla sososayensi saba nzima kakhulu. Ngemva kokuboshwa kwendodakazi yakhe u-Anna, uFreud wanquma ukulishiya izwe futhi aye eNgilandi. Kodwa lesi sifo esiqhubekayo asizange sivumele uprofesa wezokwelapha ukuba athuthele eMelika, ngesicelo somngane wakhe, owayenesikhundla esiphakeme sikahulumeni.

Izinhlungu ezinzima zamphoqa ukuthi acele uDkt. Max Schur ukuthi amjove ngomthamo obulalayo we-morphine. Umzali we-psychoanalysis wafa ngo-September 23, 1939. Umlotha wososayensi nomkakhe ugcinwe e-Ernest George Museum e-Golders Green (London). Isibonakaliso sakhe sezinkanyezi yiTaurus, ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1,72.

USigmund Freud: i-biography (ividiyo)

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