Okuqukethwe
Abazali kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi izingane zabo zihlezi ezihlalweni eziphephile futhi azilimali uma kwenzeka kuba nezimo ezingalindelekile. Kulokhu, imithetho ekhethekile idalwe yokuthutha izingane ngemoto.
I-Carriage of Children Act
Uma uhlela ukuthutha izingane zakho ngemoto, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nezidingo nemithetho yokuthutha izingane ngemoto, ebekwe emithethweni yomgwaqo.
Ngokwezidingo, abagibeli abancane bangakwazi ukugibela kuphela endaweni yabagibeli yemoto noma ku-cab yeloli (ukuthutha izingane ngemuva kweloli ku-trailer akuvunyelwe). Akuvunyelwe futhi ukuthutha izingane esihlalweni esingemuva sesithuthuthu. Awukwazi ukuthwala izingane ezingalweni zakho, ngoba ezimweni eziphakama lapho kushayisana, ngisho nangejubane eliphansi lemoto, isisindo somgibeli omncane sikhuphuka izikhathi eziningana, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukumbamba ezingalweni zakho. Ukuphepha okuphezulu kwengane ngenkathi ushayela kunikezwa kuphela isihlalo semoto. Ngakho-ke, ungayephuli imithetho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinhloso zakho zingase zibonakale zizinhle kangakanani.
Qaphela ukuthi inani lezingane ezithuthwa abantu abangaphezu kwesishiyagalombili livunyelwe ebhasini kuphela. Umshayeli wayo kumele abe nemvume eyisipesheli ekhishwe yiziphathimandla ezifanele ukuze aqhube ezokuthutha zalolu hlobo.
Izinguquko emithethweni yomgwaqo
Imithetho yomgwaqo mayelana nemininingwane yokuthutha izingane ngezimoto iqale ukusebenza ngoJulayi 12, 2017, kusukela lapho azikho izinguquko. Ngo-2017, kwafakwa izinhlawulo ezintsha zokushiya abagibeli abancane bengagadiwe abantu abadala emotweni, imithetho yokusebenzisa izihlalo zemoto yezingane emotweni kanye nokuthutha izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 no-7 kuya kweyi-11 ubudala nayo yashintsha, kwavela izinhlawulo ezintsha zokwephula imithetho. zokuthutha izingane ngemoto.
Ngakho, ake sithathe konke ngohlelo. Emotweni efakwe amabhande esihlalo, ukuthuthwa kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 kungenzeka kuphela uma usebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile yokuvimbela. Kungaba isihlalo esikhethekile noma imbeleko yemoto (kuye ngokuthi iminyaka yengane).
Izingane kudingeka zibe ku-carrycot efakwe kumugqa ongemuva wezihlalo. Ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala - esihlalweni esikhethekile semoto. Kusukela ku-7 kuya ku-12 ubudala, ingane ingaba kokubili esihlalweni semoto kanye nedivayisi ekhethekile yokuvimbela.
Ukuthuthwa kwezinsana ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala
Ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwengane, kunconywa ukusebenzisa umthwali wezingane. Lena idivayisi ekhethekile eyenzelwe izingane, kunezigaba ezahlukene - kufika ku-10 kg, kuze kufike ku-15, kuze kufike ku-20. Ingane itholakala kuyo endaweni enezingqimba ngokuphelele. Idivayisi enjalo yokubamba ifakwe i-perpendicular isiqondiso sokuhamba esihlalweni esingemuva, kuyilapho ihlala izindawo ezimbili. Ingane iboshwe ngamabhande akhethekile angaphakathi. Ungakwazi futhi ukuthutha ingane esihlalweni esingaphambili - okubaluleke kakhulu, ngemuva kwakho ekuhambeni.
Kungani kunconywa ukusebenzisa isihlalo semoto? Iqiniso liwukuthi izicubu ze-musculoskeletal zengane azikakathuthuki, yingakho uhlaka lwamathambo luguquguquka futhi lusengozini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisindo sekhanda sicishe sibe ngu-30% wesisindo somzimba, futhi imisipha engathuthukisiwe yentamo ayikakakwazi ukubamba ikhanda ngamakhanda abukhali. Futhi esimweni esivamile, cishe akukho mthwalo entanyeni nasemgogodleni, okwenza uhambo luphephe enganeni. Ngisho esebhuleki ngokuzumayo, akukho okumsongelayo.
Ukuthuthwa kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala
Ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala kufanele ihanjiswe ngemoto yomgibeli kanye nekhumbi lamaloli. Kufanele aklanywe anamabhande ezihlalo noma amabhande ezihlalo kanye nesistimu ye-ISOFIX yokuvimbela izingane.
Ngamagama alula, ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala kufanele ibe esihlalweni semoto, noma ekuvinjweni okukhethekile futhi ibhande lesihlalo liboshwe.
Ukuthuthwa kwezingane ezisukela eminyakeni eyi-7 kuye kweyi-12
Iphuzu lesithathu ukuthuthwa kwezingane ezineminyaka eyi-7 kuye kweyi-11. Izingane kufanele futhi zihanjiswe ngemoto yabagibeli kanye nekhebhu yamaloli eklanywe ngamabhande ezihlalo noma amabhande ezihlalo kanye nohlelo lwe-ISOFIX lokuvimbela izingane.
Izingane ezineminyaka engu-7 kuya kweyi-11 nazo zingathuthwa esihlalweni esingaphambili semoto, kodwa zisebenzisa kuphela izinhlelo zokuvimbela izingane (amadivayisi) afanele isisindo nokuphakama kwengane. Uma kungenjalo, inhlawulo.
Khumbula ukuthi uma uphethe ingane esihlalweni esingaphambili esihlalweni semoto, kufanele uvale i-airbag, engalimaza umgibeli omncane engozini.
Ukuthuthwa kwezingane ngemva kweminyaka engu-12
Kusukela eminyakeni engu-12 ungakwazi kakade ukukhohlwa ngesihlalo somntwana, kodwa kuphela uma ingane yakho ingaphezu kwamamitha nesigamu. Uma iphansi, khona-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa izivimbelo ngisho nangemva kokufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-12.
Manje ingane ingakwazi ukugibela esihlalweni esingaphambili ngaphandle kwezithiyo, igqoke amabhande abantu abadala kuphela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlalo zezingane namabhande ezihlalo
Njengomthetho, umthwali wezingane noma isihlalo semoto siboshwe ngamabhande emoto ajwayelekile noma ngamabakaki akhethekile. Emotweni, idivayisi yokubopha ifakwe ngokuhambisana nokuhamba kwemoto.
Izivimbelo ezikhethekile zemoto zikhethwa ngokuya ngeminyaka nesisindo somntwana. Isibonelo, isihlalo semoto sisetshenziselwa izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-6, kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya eminyakeni engu-7 - isihlalo semoto siyadingeka, kusukela ku-7 kuya ku-11 - isihlalo semoto noma ukuvinjelwa.
Lapho uhambisa izingane emotweni, isihlalo semoto singafakwa kokubili ngaphambili nangemuva. Nakulokhu, siyakhumbula ukuthi ukufakwa kwesihlalo esihlalweni esingaphambili kusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukucisha izikhwama zomoya, ngoba uma zicushiwe, zingalimaza ingane.
Lapho uthutha ingane eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala (ubude obungaphezu kuka-150 cm), i-airbag kufanele icushwe.
Izinhlawulo zokwephula imithetho yokuthutha izingane ngemoto
Imithetho emisha, eqale ukusebenza ngo-2017, ihlinzekela izinhlawulo zokungalandeli izidingo zokuthutha izingane ngemoto.
Inhlawulo yamaphoyisa omgwaqo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesihlalo sengane manje isingama-ruble angama-3000 kumshayeli ojwayelekile, ama-25 wesikhulu, ama-ruble angama-000 kwezomthetho. Izinsuku eziyi-100 kusukela osukwini lokudwetshwa kwephrothokholi zinikezwa ukukhokha inhlawulo. Inhlawulo yamaphoyisa omgwaqo ngokungabikho kwento evimbela ingane (isihlalo, i-booster noma amabhande amabhande) ingaphansi kwesaphulelo esingu-000%. Ukuqaphela ingane engenaso isihlalo emotweni, iphoyisa lizomisa imoto yakho nakanjani.
Ehamba ngemoto
Kusukela ngo-2017, izingane azikwazi ukushiywa zodwa endaweni yabagibeli. Isigaba 12.8 se-SDA sifundeka kanje: “Akuvunyelwe ukushiya ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala emotweni ngesikhathi ipakiwe engekho umuntu omdala.”
Uma amaphoyisa omgwaqo ebona ukwephulwa, umshayeli uzoboshwa ngokomthetho ngaphansi kwengxenye 1 ye-Art. 12.19 yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha ngendlela yesixwayiso noma inhlawulo yama-ruble angama-500. Uma lokhu kuphulwa kubhalwe eMoscow noma eSt. Petersburg, inhlawulo izoba ngama-ruble angu-2.
Lokhu kuklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka ukushiya izingane engozini yokushisa ngokweqile, ukushisa ukushisa, i-hypothermia, ukwesaba. Kuzosiza futhi ukugwema isimo lapho imoto enezingane ezingagadiwe egunjini labagibeli iqala ukuhamba, ngaleyo ndlela impilo yezingane isengozini enkulu.
Ukuthuthwa kwezingane okungafanele
Amaphoyisa omgwaqo angakuhlawulisa hhayi kuphela ngokungabibikho kwesihlalo sengane, kodwa nangenxa yokuthi asifakwanga ngendlela efanele.
Isihlalo sengane noma i-carrycot akumele neze ifakwe ibheke emuva. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni noma ekulimaleni okubi kakhulu uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ibhuleki kungazelelwe.
Into yesibili ehlobene nokuthuthwa okungalungile kwezingane ukuthuthwa kwezingane emotweni ezandleni zabantu abadala. Lokhu kuyabulala, ngoba lapho umthelela, ingane izondiza iphume ezandleni zomzali, egcwele imiphumela ebuhlungu.
Isihlalo semoto kufanele sifanele isisindo nokuphakama kwengane. Kufanele uyithenge kanye nayo. Akufanele uthenge isivimbelo "sombukiso" - kufanele ukhethe umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ofanele ingane yakho.
Akufanele nangaphansi kwezimo izingane zithuthwe ngebhokisi noma ngenqola. Futhi, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala azikwazi ukuba abagibeli bezithuthuthu - ngisho noma zigqoke izinto ezidingekayo kanye nesigqoko sokuzivikela.
Isazi Sokuphawula
Ummeli waseRoma Petrov:
- Ngokuvamile, abashayeli bezimoto bazibuza umbuzo - kungenzeka yini ukuthutha izingane esihlalweni esingaphambili? Sekuyisikhathi sokuqeda inganekwane yokuthi ingane kufanele ibe ngemuva. Ingane encane ingagibela ngaphambili - lokhu kuyiqiniso. Ungakwazi ukufaka inkampani yenethiwekhi yosana (kufika ezinyangeni ezingu-6), isihlalo semoto noma into evimbelayo lapha. Ingane kusukela eminyakeni engu-12 nayo ingagibela ngaphambili ngaphandle kwesihlalo, into eyinhloko ukuyibopha ngamabhande esihlalo.
Ungahlawuliswa kuphela iqiniso lokuthi ingane ayigibele isihlalo noma umthwali wosana. I-Code of Administrative Offences ihlinzeka ngokuthi ingane ehlezi esihlalweni esingaphambili ingakhishwa kuphela uma ihanjiswa ngaphandle kwesihlalo semoto.
Ayikho futhi imithetho eqondile yokuthi ingane ingahanjiswa kuphi ngempela. Ungakwazi ukufaka isihlalo, kokubili ngemuva komshayeli naphakathi. Ukuthi uzohlala kuphi ngempela emotweni kukuwe. Kodwa indawo ephephe kunazo zonke ibhekwa njengengemuva komshayeli. Kodwa-ke, kulesi simo, akulula ukubona ingane. Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukuhlalisa umgibeli osemncane emgqeni wesibili phakathi nendawo. Kuyoba lula ukuthi umshayeli abheke ingane ngesibuko ekamelweni. Uma ingane igangile futhi ingafuni ukuhlala ngemuva, khona-ke indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuma ukufaka isihlalo ngaphambili, ngokulandela yonke imithetho echazwe ngenhla. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvala ama-airbag.