Ijuba eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ijuba le-rock liwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwejuba. Indlela yasemadolobheni yale nyoni yaziwa cishe yiwo wonke umuntu. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga imigwaqo yamadolobha namadolobhana ngaphandle kokundiza nokukhala kwejuba ledwala. Ingatholakala emigwaqweni yedolobha, emapaki, ezigcawini, ezigcawini, lapho kuqiniseka khona ukuthi kukhona umuntu ofuna ukondla amajuba edwala. Yilokhu kanye abakulindele kumuntu ophatha inyoni ngokuqonda nangothando.

Incazelo yejuba ledwala

Sekuyisikhathi eside umuntu ejwayele ukuthi ijuba elimpunga lihlala eduze kwendlu yakhe, ukukhala kwalo ophahleni lwendlu kuhlotshaniswa nokuthula nokuthula. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu abaningi baye babonisa inhlonipho nenhlonipho kule nyoni. Kwabanye, ijuba laliwuphawu lokuzala, kwabanye, uthando nobungane, kwabanye, ukuphefumlelwa kwaphezulu.

I-Blue Dove iyingxenye yomndeni wamajuba futhi ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ezivamile cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba.

Amajuba ampunga ahlala emvelweni, kude nabantu.

I-sisari yasendle ifana ngokubukeka futhi inombala ofanayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mpunga, onqunywa izimo zokuphila futhi, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, ibavumela ukuthi bahlangane nomhlambi wonke.

Amajuba angama-Synanthropic ahlala eduze kwabantu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi kwamajuba ampunga asemadolobheni kukhona abantu abanomehluko omkhulu embala wezimpaphe.

ukubukeka

Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zamajuba, ijuba elimpunga libhekwa njengenyoni enkulu, okwesibili ngobukhulu kujuba. Ngokuhlukana komunye nomunye ngombala, amajuba ampunga angachazwa ngenye indlela ngendlela efanayo:

• ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-30-35 cm, amaphiko - kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-60 cm;
• isisindo singafinyelela ku-380-400 g;
• umbala wezimpaphe - okhanyayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-metallic, eluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi entanyeni;
• amaphiko abanzi futhi akhombe ngasekugcineni, anemigqa emibili ehlukene enqamulayo yombala omnyama, futhi i-rump imhlophe;
• endaweni ye-lumbar kukhona indawo ekhanyayo ephawulekayo mayelana no-5 cm ngobukhulu, ebonakalayo lapho amaphiko enyoni evulekile;
• imilenze yejuba ingaba pink ibe nsundu ngokumnyama, ngezinye izikhathi ibe nezimpaphe ezincane;
• amehlo anombala osawolintshi, ophuzi noma obomvu;
• uqhwaku lumnyama necere elikhanyayo esisekelweni salo.

Amajuba ase-Urban rock ahlukene kakhulu ngombala kunawasendle. Njengamanje, ngokohlelo lombala, bahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezingama-28 noma ama-morphs. Phakathi kwawo kukhona amajuba ampunga anezimpaphe ezinsundu nezimhlophe. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuwumphumela wokuwela amajuba ase-rock street namajuba afuywayo afuywayo.

Ngaphandle, ijuba le-rock wesilisa lingahlukaniswa nowesifazane ngombala ogcwele kakhulu. Futhi, ijuba ledwala lithe ukuba likhulu kunejuba. Izinyoni ezincane ezineminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala azinayo izimpaphe ezikhanyayo njengamajuba amadala.

Amehlo ejuba ledwala akwazi ukuhlukanisa yonke imibala yemibala etholakalayo emehlweni omuntu, kanye nohla lwe-ultraviolet. Ijuba libona “ngokushesha” kunomuntu, njengoba iso lakhe likwazi ukubona izinhlaka ezingu-75 ngomzuzwana, kanti iso lomuntu linezingu-24 kuphela. izicubu, ezinekhono lokushintsha ukuminyana kwazo ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ukuzwa kwe-sizar kuthuthukiswe kahle futhi iyakwazi ukucosha imisindo enamaza aphansi angenakufinyeleleka ekuboneni komuntu.

Vote

Ijuba le-rock liyabonakala ngezwi layo - ukukhala kwalo, elihambisana nempilo yalo esebenzayo, kuyisici somndeni wonke futhi kuyahluka kuye ngomuzwa owuvezayo:

• ukukhala okumemayo - okunomsindo kakhulu, okukhishwa ukuze kudonse ukunaka kwensikazi, kufana nokukhala "guut ... guuut";
• isimemo sokuya esidlekeni sizwakala sifana nesimemo, kodwa ngesikhathi insikazi isondela, iphelezelwa ukuheleza;
• ingoma yejuba ekuqaleni kokuqomisana ifana nokukhala okuthulile, okuye kube namandla lapho eyeduna ijabule futhi iphenduka imisindo ephezulu "guuurrkruu ... guurrkruu";
• ukubika ingozi, ijuba le-rock lenza imisindo emifushane nebukhali “gruu … gruuu”;
• ijuba lihambisana nokuphakelwa kwamatshwele ngokukhala okuthambile, okufana nokwelula;
• ukuhayiza nokuchofoza kukhishwa amatshwele ejuba.

Eqinisweni, kunemisindo eminingi eyenziwa amajuba ampunga. Iphalethi yezwi liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inkathi, isimo kanye neminyaka yenyoni. Izinyoni ngokwazo kuphela futhi, ngezinga elithile, abantu abafunda amajuba abangawahlukanisa.

ukunyakaza

Ijuba lasendle lihlala ezindaweni zezintaba, emadwaleni, emifantwini noma emihumeni. Akajwayele ukugibela esihlahleni futhi akazi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Ijuba ledolobha lasedolobheni selifunde ukuhlala egatsheni lesihlahla, kanye nasezintabeni noma ophahleni lwendlu.

Ijuba lichitha usuku lonke linyakaza. Lapho efuna ukudla, angandiza amakhilomitha amaningana, waziwa njengomshayeli wendiza osezingeni eliphezulu. Umuntu wasendle angakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-180 km / h. Amajuba afuywayo athola isivinini esifinyelela ku-100 km/h. Ijuba elimpunga lisuka emhlabathini ngokunomsindo omkhulu, libhakuzisa amaphiko alo. Indiza ngokwayo emoyeni inamandla futhi inenjongo.

Ukubhekwa kokunyakaza kwejuba emoyeni kuyathakazelisa:

• uma udinga ukwehlisa ijubane, ijuba livula umsila walo nge "butterfly";
• ekusongelweni kokuhlasela kwenyoni edla inyama, usonga amaphiko akhe futhi ngokushesha awe phansi;
• amaphiko axhumene phezulu asiza ukundiza ayindilinga.

Isinyathelo senyoni lapho ihamba phansi nayo ayijwayelekile. Kubonakala sengathi ijuba linqekuzisa ikhanda lapho lihamba. Okokuqala, ikhanda liya phambili, bese liyama futhi umzimba uyalibamba. Ngalesi sikhathi, isithombe sigxile ku-retina yeso elinganyakazi. Le ndlela yokunyakaza isiza ijuba ukuthi lihambe kahle emkhathini.

ukusabalala kwezinyoni

Ijuba lasendle lihlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba neziyisicaba ezinotshani obuningi kanye namachibi aseduze agelezayo. Akahlali ezindaweni zasehlathini, kodwa uthanda izindawo ezivulekile. Indawo yayo yayisukela eNyakatho Afrika, eNingizimu neYurophu Ephakathi, nase-Asia. Njengamanje, inani lamajuba asendle liye lancipha kakhulu futhi liye lasinda kuphela ezindaweni ezithile ezikude nabantu.

I-Synanthropic, okungukuthi, ihambisana nomuntu, ijuba ledwala livamile kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Lezi zinyoni zitholakala emhlabeni wonke. I-sizar yedolobha ihlala lapho kungenzeka khona ukufukamela ngokuphephile futhi udle ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu zonyaka. Ezikhathini ezibandayo, ijuba lasendle lehla ezintabeni liye ezindaweni eziphansi, kanti ijuba lomuzi - eduze nendawo yokuhlala yabantu kanye nokulahla udoti.

Izinhlobo ezincane zamajuba

Ijuba ledwala elivela ohlotsheni lwamajuba (Columba) lomndeni wamajuba (Columbidae) lichazwe ngabacwaningi abaningi. KuMhlahlandlela Wamajuba Okuthula, uDavid Gibbs uhlukanisa amajuba e-rock abe yi-subspecies engu-12, eyachazwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene izazi zezinyoni ezivela emazweni ahlukene. Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezincane ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu bombala, ubukhulu bomzimba kanye nobubanzi bomugqa ongemuva ophansi.

Kukholakala ukuthi okwamanje 2 kuphela subspecies ijuba rock ahlala eMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi (insimu yangaphambili USSR).

Columba livia - i-subspecies ekhethiwe ehlala eMpumalanga naseYurophu Ephakathi, eNyakatho Afrika, e-Asia. Umbala ojwayelekile uba mnyama kancane. Esifundeni se-lumbar kukhona indawo emhlophe elinganiselwa ku-40-60 mm.

Lizibe ijuba elikhanyayo - Ijuba eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka laseTurkestan, elivamile ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Asia Ephakathi. Umbala wezimpaphe ulula kancane kunezinhlobo ezincanyana; kunombala ogqamile wensimbi entanyeni. Indawo esifundeni se-sacrum imvamisa empunga, imvamisa imnyama, futhi kaningi - emhlophe futhi encane ngosayizi - 20-40 mm.

Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi amajuba e-synanthropic rock ahlala eduze komuntu okwamanje ahluke kakhulu ngombala ezihlotsheni zawo ezichazwe izazi zezinyoni eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuwumphumela wokuwela nabantu basekhaya.

Ukuphila

U-Sisari uhlala emaphaketheni lapho kungekho khona ukubusa, kodwa indawo enokuthula ivamile. Azikwenzi kube uphawu lokufuduka kwezinyoni eziningi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, kodwa zingandiza izindawo ngezindawo ziyofuna ukudla. Uma kubanda, izilwane zasendle zehla ezintabeni ziya ezigodini, lapho kulula khona ukuthola ukudla, futhi lapho kuqala ukushisa zibuyela emakhaya. Amajuba edolobha akhetha ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, endiza ngezikhathi ezithile endaweni engamakhilomitha amaningana.

Endle, amajuba ampunga akha izidleke zawo emifantwini yamadwala. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela izilwane ezizingelayo. Ziyakwazi futhi ukuhlala emilonyeni yemifula nasezindaweni eziyisicaba. Abantu basemadolobheni bahlala eduze komuntu ezindaweni ezibakhumbuza izimo zemvelo: ku-attics yezindlu, ezindaweni ezivulekile zophahla, ngaphansi kwemishayo yamabhuloho, emibhoshongweni yezinsimbi, emibhoshongweni yamanzi.

Amajuba e-Rock ahamba kancane futhi ahamba ngentshiseko phakathi namahora asemini. Amajuba asedolobheni akwazi ukundiza ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-50 ukusuka esidlekeni sawo kuphela efuna ukudla. U-Sisari usebenzisa cishe u-3% wamandla abo ezindizeni ezinjalo. Lapho kuhwalala, zihlale zibuyela ekhaya futhi zilale ubusuku bonke, zibhuquzise futhi zifihle uqhwaku lwazo ezimpapheni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi yeduna ihlanganisa ukuqapha isidleke, kuyilapho insikazi ilele lapho.

Ijuba lasendle liyamxwaya umuntu futhi alimniki ithuba lokusondela, lindiza kusenesikhathi. Inyoni yedolobha enezimpaphe ijwayele umuntu, ilindele ukondla kuye, ngakho-ke imvumela ukuba asondele kakhulu futhi adle ezandleni zakhe. Akuvamile ukubona ijuba ledwala elilodwa. Ijuba ledwala lihlala liyimihlambi.

Isici esiphawulekayo somhlambi wamajuba ukuheha abanye abantu ezindaweni ezikahle zokuhlala. Lokhu bakwenza ngesikhathi sokuzalela nangemuva kwayo. Njengoba selikhethe indawo ekahle yokwakha isidleke, ijuba alimemi ijuba kuphela lapho, kodwa namanye amajuba ukuthi ahlale eduze futhi akhe ikoloni lamajuba lapho lizizwa liphephile khona.

Basebenzisa nokuthumela ama-scouts ukuyofuna ukudla. Uma indawo enjalo itholakala, ama-scouts abuyela ephaketheni lonke. Uma kunengozi, khona-ke kwanele ukuba umuntu anikeze isibonakaliso, njengoba umhlambi wonke uvuka ngaso leso sikhathi.

Ukudla

Amajuba amadwala ayizinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngenxa yenani elincane lama-taste buds athuthukile emlonyeni (kukhona angama-37 kuphela, futhi umuntu une-10), awakhethi kakhulu ekukhetheni ukudla. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko ukudla kwezitshalo - imbewu yezitshalo zasendle nezilinyiwe, amajikijolo. Ngokuvamile, amajuba adla izinambuzane ezincane, izibungu. Uhlobo lokudla luncike endaweni yokuhlala kanye nokuthi imvelo inikeza ini.

Abantu be-Synanthropic baye bazijwayela ukudla imfucuza yokudla kwabantu. Bavakashela izindawo eziminyene - izigcawu zasemadolobheni, izimakethe, kanye namakheshi, izindawo zokulahla udoti, lapho bengazitholela khona ukudla kalula. Isisindo nokwakheka komzimba akuvumeli amajuba ukuba acofe okusanhlamvu kuma-spikelets, kodwa kuphela ukuphakamisa lawo awele phansi. Ngakho, abawulimazi umhlaba wokulima.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinyoni zilwela ukudla izingcezu ezinkulu kuqala, zihlulela ukudla ngosayizi. Unganqikazi ukubamba ucezu, usunduze izihlobo futhi ugwebe phansi usuka phezulu. Ngesikhathi sokudla, baziphatha ngokufanele kuphela ngokuphathelene nombhangqwana wabo. Amajuba ampunga adla ikakhulukazi ekuseni nasemini, edla ngesikhathi esisodwa kusuka ku-17 kuya ku-40 g wezinhlamvu. Uma kungenzeka, ijuba lasemadolobheni ligcwalisa isisu salo ngokudla kuze kube semkhawulweni, bese kuba i-goiter yendawo yokugcina, njengoba kwenza ama-hamster.

Amajuba aphuza amanzi ngendlela ehlukile ezinyonini eziningi. USisari ucwilisa uqhwaku lwazo emanzini futhi azidonsele kuwo, kuyilapho ezinye izinyoni zicosha kancane ngoqhwaku lwazo bese zibuyisela amakhanda azo emuva ukuze amanzi ehle ngomphimbo aye esiswini.

Ukukhiqiza

Amajuba ayizinyoni ezihlala umfazi oyedwa futhi enza amapheya angapheli impilo yakhe yonke. Ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukuyenga eyensikazi, eyeduna ithola futhi ihlale endaweni yokuzalela. Kuye ngesifunda kanye nezimo zezulu zaso, ukuzalanisa kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ingaqala ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, futhi ukubeka amaqanda kungenzeka unyaka wonke. Kodwa isikhathi esiyinhloko sokubeka amaqanda kumajuba sisentwasahlobo, ihlobo kanye nengxenye efudumele yekwindla.

Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, kwenziwa isiko lokushela ijuba. Ngakho konke ukunyakaza kwakhe uzama ukuheha ukunaka kwakhe kuye: uyadansa, ehamba ngokushintshana ohlangothini olulodwa noma kwelinye, uphakamise intamo yakhe, welula amaphiko akhe, ukhala kakhulu, wenza umsila wakhe ube fan. Ngokuvamile phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iduna lenza izindiza zamanje: ijuba liyakhuphuka, lishaye amaphiko alo ngokuzwakalayo, bese liyatshibilika, liphakamise amaphiko alo emhlane walo.

Uma konke lokhu kwamukelwa ijuba, khona-ke owesilisa nowesifazane babonisa ukunaka nothando komunye nomunye, bahlanze izimpaphe zokhethiweyo wabo, baqabule, okubavumela ukuba bavumelanise izinhlelo zabo zokuzala. Futhi ngemva kokukhwelana, eyeduna yenza isiko lokundiza, ishaye amaphiko ayo phezulu.

Izidleke zibukeka zintekenteke, zenziwe ngokunganaki. Akhiwa ngamagatsha amancane notshani obomile obulethwa ijuba, futhi ijuba lihlela izinto zokwakha ngokubona kwalo. Isidleke sithatha izinsuku eziyi-9 kuye kweziyi-14. Ukubekela amaqanda amabili kwenziwa ngowesifazane ngesikhawu sezinsuku ezi-2. Ijuba ngokuyinhloko lifukamela amaqanda. Eyeduna ithatha indawo yakhe kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-17 ntambama ngesikhathi lapho idinga ukudla futhi indizele endaweni yokuchelela.

Isikhathi se-incubation siphela ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-17-19. Ukuqoshwa kwegobolondo kuthatha amahora ayi-18 kuye kwangama-24. Amatshwele amajuba e-rock avela ngokulandelana kanye nesikhawu samahora angu-48. Ziyizimpumputhe futhi zimbozwe ngokuphuzi kancane, ezindaweni ezinesikhumba esingenalutho ngokuphelele.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-7-8, abazali bondla amatshwele ngobisi lwenyoni, olukhiqizwa ku-goiter yabo. Kuwukudla okunomsoco kakhulu okunokhilimu omuncu ophuzi futhi okucebile ngamaprotheni. Kusukela kulokho kudla okunomsoco, ngosuku lwesibili, amaphuphu amajuba e-rock aphindwe kabili isisindo sawo. Ukondla ubisi kwenzeka izinsuku ezingu-6-7, izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngosuku. Abazali babe sebefaka imbewu ehlukahlukene obisini. Kusukela ngosuku lwe-10 lokuzalwa, amatshwele anikezwa ingxube yokusanhlamvu eswakanyiswe kakhulu enenani elincane lobisi lwezitshalo.

Amatshwele athatha amaphiko kakade ezinsukwini ezingu-33-35 ngemva kokuchanyuselwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi iyaqhubeka nokufukamela iqoqo elilandelayo lamaqanda. Ukuthomba kwamajuba amancane kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwejuba lasendle liyiminyaka emi-3-5.

Ubudlelwano babantu

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ijuba belihlonishwa njengenyoni engcwele. Ukukhulunywa ngakho kwatholakala emibhalweni yesandla yeminyaka engu-5000 edlule. EBhayibhelini, ijuba likhona endabeni kaNowa lapho ethumela inyoni ukuba iyofuna izwe. Kuzo zonke izinkolo, ijuba lifanekisela ukuthula.

Amajuba amadwala aziwa njengamaposi amahle. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abantu besebenzisa usizo lwabo ukuze banikeze izigijimi ezibalulekile. Ukusiza amajuba kulokhu yikhono lawo lokuhlala ethola indlela eya ekhaya, noma yikuphi lapho ayiswa khona. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakanikezi impendulo eqondile ukuthi amajuba akwenza kanjani. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi emkhathini izinyoni ziqondiswa amandla kazibuthe nokukhanya kwelanga. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi amajuba ampunga asebenzisa izimpawu zendawo ezibekwe ngumuntu - iminonjana yomsebenzi wabo wokuphila.

Amajuba e-Synanthropic ajwayele abantu futhi awesabi ukusondela, athathe ukudla ngqo ezandleni zabo. Kodwa empeleni, ukuncelisa amajuba ngesandla akuphephile kangako. Lezi zinyoni zingakwazi ukuthelela umuntu ngezifo eziyingozi eziyishumi nambili kuye. Futhi, izinyoni zithwala izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 zamagciwane ayingozi. Enye inkinga ehlobene namajuba asedolobheni ukuthi angcolisa izikhumbuzo zezakhiwo nezakhiwo zedolobha ngobulongwe bawo.

Sekuyisikhathi eside amajuba asetshenziswa njengezilwane zasemapulazini. Zazifuyelwa inyama, i-fluff, amaqanda, umanyolo. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, inyama yejuba yayibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu kunenyama yanoma iyiphi enye inyoni.

Ngokwezibalo, isibalo sabantu basemadolobheni siyakhula, kanti ezasendle ziyancipha. Kuyadingeka ukusondela endabeni yokuhlalisana komuntu kanye nejuba ledwala ngokuqonda. Lo mbuzo akufanele uyekwe uzenzekele. Usizo lokuphakela amajuba asemgwaqweni kanye nokuqeda izifo zezinyoni kufanele kwenziwe ngumuntu ngobuhlakani.

Isiphetho

Ijuba elimpunga liyinyoni encane, ukusetshenziswa komuntu okutholile ngaso sonke isikhathi, esebenzisa amakhono ayo angavamile. Ekuqaleni bekuyiposi eliletha izindaba ezibalulekile, kwase kuba yilungu lethimba labatakuli elithungatha abantu abalahlekile. Umuntu unokuthile okufanele akufunde kumajuba - ukuzinikela nokwethembeka, uthando nobungane - lezi zimfanelo zifanekisela ukuhlanzeka komphefumulo nemicabango. Ukuze ubone ijuba elimpunga okuhle elikuletha kumuntu, udinga ukwazi okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngakho.