Engqondweni yabantu banamuhla, umqondo wokudla imifino, njengengxenye ephoqelekile yokusebenza ngokomoya, uhlotshaniswa kakhulu namasiko aseMpumalanga (amaVedic, amaBuddha) kanye nokubuka umhlaba. Kodwa-ke, isizathu sombono onjalo akukona neze ukuthi umkhuba nezimfundiso zobuKristu awuqukethe umqondo wokwenqaba inyama. Kuhlukile: kusukela ekuqaleni kokuvela kobuKristu eRussia, indlela yabo yayiyinqubomgomo ethile "yokuyekethisa" nezidingo zabantu abavamile, ababengafuni "ukujula" ekusebenzeni okungokomoya, kanye ne izifiso zalabo abaphethe. Isibonelo esifanekisayo "Inganekwane mayelana nokukhetha ukholo kweNkosana uVladimir", equkethwe ku-"Tale of Bygone Years" ka-986. Mayelana nesizathu sokwenqatshwa kobuSulumane nguVladimir, le nganekwane ithi: “Kodwa nakhu ayengakuthandi: ukusoka nokuyeka inyama yengulube, mayelana nokuphuza, ngisho nangaphezulu, wathi: “Ngeke sibe ngaphandle kwayo, ngoba ubumnandi eRus' buyaphuza." Ngokuvamile leli binzana lihunyushwa njengesiqalo sokusakazeka nokudakwa kwabantu baseRussia. Libhekene nokucabanga okunjalo kosopolitiki, isonto alizange lishumayele kabanzi ngesidingo sokuyeka inyama newayini ukuze kuqhutshekwe nesixuku esikhulu samakholwa. Isimo sezulu kanye namasiko amisiwe aseRussia awazange abe nesandla kulokhu. Okuwukuphela kwecala lokuzithiba enyameni, eyaziwa kuzo zombili izindela namakholwa, yiGreat Lent. Lokhu okuthunyelwe ngokuqinisekile kungabizwa ngokuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umuntu okholwayo wama-Orthodox. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-Holy Fortecost, kukhunjulwa izinsuku ezingama-40 zokuzila ukudla kukaJesu Kristu, osehlane. Izinsuku ezingamashumi amane ezifanele (amasonto ayisithupha) zilandelwa Iviki Elingcwele - ukukhunjulwa kwezinhlupheko (izinkanuko) zikaKristu, uMsindisi wezwe azithatha ngokuzithandela ukuze ahlawulele izono zabantu. Iviki Elingcwele liphetha ngeholide lobuKristu eliyinhloko neliqhakazile - iPhasika noma Uvuko lukaKristu. Kuzo zonke izinsuku zokuzila ukudla, akuvunyelwe ukudla ukudla "okusheshayo": inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi. Kuphinde kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala. Umthetho-sisekelo wesonto uvumela ngeMigqibelo nangamaSonto eGreat Lent ukuba baphuze ama-krasovuli amathathu (isitsha esilingana nesibhakela esigoqiwe) sewayini esidlweni. Izinhlanzi zivunyelwe ukudliwa kuphela ngababuthakathaka, ngaphandle kwalokho. Namuhla, ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla, amathilomu amaningi anikeza imenyu ekhethekile, futhi ama-pastries, imayonnaise neminye imikhiqizo esabalele engenamaqanda ibonakala ezitolo. NgokweNcwadi kaGenesise, ekuqaleni, ngosuku lwesithupha lokudala, uJehova wavumela umuntu nazo zonke izilwane ukudla kwemifino kuphela: “Bhekani ngininikile yonke imifino ethela imbewu, esemhlabeni wonke, nayo yonke imithi ethela izithelo. emthini othela imbewu: lokhu kuyakuba ngukudla kwenu” (1.29:XNUMX). Ekuqaleni kwakungekho muntu noma isilwane esasibulalana futhi azizange zilimazane. Inkathi yendawo yonke “yabantu abadla imifino” yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba yisikhathi sokonakala kwesintu ngaphambi kukaZamcolo wembulunga yonke. Iziqephu eziningi zomlando weTestamente Elidala zikhomba ukuthi imvume yokudla inyama iwukuvumelana nesifiso esinenkani somuntu. Kungakho, lapho abantu bakwa-Israyeli bephuma eGibhithe, okufanekisela ukugqilazwa komoya ekuqaleni kwendaba, umbuzo othi “ngubani ozosipha inyama na?” (Num. 11:4) iBhayibheli libhekwa “njengokufeketha” - ukulangazelela okungamanga komphefumulo womuntu. Incwadi kaNumeri isitshela ukuthi, ngokunganeliseki ngemana eyayithunyelwe kubo yiNkosi, amaJuda aqala ukukhononda, efuna inyama yokudla. INkosi ethukuthele yabathumelela izigwaca, kepha ngakusasa ekuseni bonke abadla izinyoni bashaywa ngubhubhane: “33. Inyama yayisesemazinyweni abo, ingakadliwa, lapho ulaka lukaJehova luvutha phezu kwabantu, uJehova wabashaya abantu ngokushaywa okukhulu kakhulu. 34 Baqamba igama lale ndawo ngokuthi: iKibroti-Gatava, ngokuba bambela khona abantu abahlakaniphileyo.” (Num. 11: 33-34). Ukudla inyama yesilwane somhlatshelo, okokuqala, kwakunencazelo engokomfanekiso (umhlatshelo kuSomandla wezinkanuko zezilwane eziholela esonweni). Isiko lasendulo, ngaleso sikhathi elalilotshwe eMthethweni KaMose, empeleni lalicabangela ukusetshenziswa kwenyama njengesiko kuphela. ITestamente Elisha liqukethe izincazelo eziningi ezingavumelani nomqondo wokudla imifino. Ngokwesibonelo, isimangaliso esidumile lapho uJesu esuthisa abantu abaningi ngezinhlanzi ezimbili nezinkwa ezinhlanu ( Mathewu 15:36 ). Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele akhumbule kuphela okungokoqobo, kodwa futhi nencazelo engokomfanekiso yalesi siqephu. Isibonakaliso senhlanzi sasiwuphawu oluyimfihlo kanye nephasiwedi yomlomo, etholakala egameni lesiGreki elithi ichthus, inhlanzi. Eqinisweni, kwakuyi-acrostic eyakhiwa ngosonhlamvukazi benkulumo yesiGreki: “Iesous Christos Theou Uios Soter” - “uJesu Kristu, iNdodana kaNkulunkulu, uMsindisi.” Izinkomba ezivamile zezinhlanzi zifanekisela uKristu, futhi azihlangene nokudla izinhlanzi ezifile. Kodwa uphawu lwezinhlanzi aluzange luvunywe amaRoma. Bakhetha isibonakaliso sesiphambano, bakhetha ukugxila kakhulu ekufeni kukaJesu kunasekugxileni ekuphileni kwakhe okuvelele. Umlando wokuhunyushwa kwamaVangeli ezilimini ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba udinga ukuhlaziywa okuhlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngisho naseBhayibhelini lesiNgisi lezikhathi zeNkosi uGeorge, izindawo eziningi emaVangelini lapho amagama esiGreki athi “trophe” (ukudla) nelithi “broma” (ukudla) ahunyushwa ngokuthi “inyama”. Ngenhlanhla, enguqulweni yesinodi yama-Orthodox yesiRashiya, okuningi kwalokhu okunganembile kuye kwalungiswa. Nokho, indima kaJohane uMbhapathizi ithi wadla “isikhonyane”, okuvame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi “uhlobo lwesikhonyane” (Math. 3,4). Eqinisweni, igama lesiGreki elithi “isikhonyane” libhekisela esithelweni somtholo-mbumbulu noma isihlahla se-carob, okwakuyisinkwa sikaSt. UJohn. Esikweni labaphostoli, sithola izinkomba zezinzuzo zokudeda inyama empilweni kamoya. Umphostoli uPawulu uyasithola: “Kungcono ukungadli inyama, ukungaphuzi iwayini, nokungenzi noma yini umfowenu akhubeka ngayo noma acunulwe noma aphele amandla.” (Rom. I-14: 21). Ngakho-ke, uma ukudla kumkhubekisa umfowethu, angisoze ngadla inyama, funa ngimkhubekise umfowethu.” (1 Korinte. 8: 13). U-Eusebius, uMbhishobhi waseKhesariya wasePalestine noNicephorus, izazi-mlando zesonto, balondoloza ezincwadini zabo ubufakazi bukaPhilo, isazi sefilosofi esingumJuda, owayephila ngesikhathi sabaphostoli. Encoma ukuphila okuhle kwamaKristu aseGibhithe, uthi: “Bona (okungukuthi AmaKristu) ashiya konke ukukhathazeka ngengcebo yesikhashana futhi awanakekeli izindawo zawo, angabheki noma yini esemhlabeni njengeyabo, abathandekayo kubo. <...> Akekho kubo ophuza iwayini, futhi bonke abayidli inyama, benezela usawoti kuphela nehisopi (utshani obubabayo) esinkwa nasemanzini. I-"Charter of the hermit life" edumile yaseSt. Anthony the Great (251-356), omunye wabasunguli besikhungo se-monasticism. Esahlukweni esithi “Ekudleni” uSt. U-Anthony uyabhala: (37) “Ningayidli nhlobo inyama”, (38) “ungasondeli endaweni okulola kuyo iwayini.” Yeka ukuthi lezi zisho zihluke kanjani ezithombeni zamafutha ezisakazwa kabanzi, hhayi izindela ezisangulukile eziphethe inkomishi yewayini kwesinye isandla kanye nenyama enoshukela kwesinye! Izinkulumo mayelana nokwenqatshwa kwenyama, kanye neminye imikhuba yomsebenzi ongokomoya, ziqukethwe emibhalweni yokuphila kwabantu abaningi abaphila ngokuzincisha injabulo. I-“Life of Sergius of Radonezh, the Wonderworker” iyabika: “Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwayo, umntwana wazibonakalisa eshesha kakhulu. Abazali kanye nalabo ababeseduze nomntwana baqala ukuqaphela ukuthi wayengaludli ubisi lukamama ngoLwesithathu nangoLwesihlanu; akazange azithinte izingono zikanina ngezinye izinsuku ngesikhathi edla inyama; ekubona lokhu, unina wala ngokuphelele ukudla inyama. “Ukuphila” kuyafakaza: “Izitholela ukudla, indela yayizila ukudla okuqinile, idla kanye ngosuku, futhi ngoLwesithathu nangoLwesihlanu yayingakudli ngokuphelele. Ngesonto lokuqala le-Holy Lent, akazange adle ukudla kwaze kwaba uMgqibelo, lapho ethola iSidlo Sezimfihlakalo Ezingcwele. I-HYPERLINK “” Lapho kushisa ehlobo, umfundisi ubuthela ubulembu exhaphozini ukuze avundise ingadi; omiyane bamhlaba ngokungenaluzwela, kodwa wakhuthazelela lokhu kuhlupheka ngokunganaki, ethi: “Izinkanuko zibhujiswa ukuhlupheka nosizi, kungaba ngokuchichimayo noma ngokuthunywa nguMoya.” Cishe iminyaka emithathu, indela idla isitshalo esisodwa kuphela, i-goutweed, eyayikhula eduze kwesitokisi sayo. Kukhona futhi izinkumbulo zendlela uSt. USeraphim wapha ibhere elikhulu isinkwa esasilethwe kuye sivela endlini yezindela. Isibonelo, u-Matrona Anemnyasevskaya obusisiwe (ikhulu le-XIX) wayeyimpumputhe kusukela ebuntwaneni. Wabheka okuthunyelwe ikakhulukazi ngokuqinile. Angikaze ngiyidle inyama kusukela ngineminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwangoLwesithathu noLwesihlanu, wayezila ukudla okufanayo ngeMisombuluko. Phakathi nokuzila ukudla kwesonto, wayengadli lutho noma edla kancane kakhulu. UMartyr Eugene, iMetropolitan yaseNizhny Novgorod XX leminyaka) kusukela ngo-1927 kuya ku-1929 wayedingisiwe esifundeni saseZyryansk (Komi AO). U-Vladyka wayenejubane eliqinile futhi, naphezu kwezimo zokuphila kwekamu, akazange adle inyama noma inhlanzi uma enikezwa ngesikhathi esingalungile. Kwesinye seziqephu, umlingisi oyinhloko, ubaba u-Anatoly, uthi: - Thengisa yonke into ihlanzekile. – Konke? – Hlanza konke. Huh? Ithengise, ngeke uzisole. Ngezingulube zakho, ngizwile ukuthi bazokunikeza imali enhle.
2022-11-11