Okuqukethwe
Amakhowe e-raincoat ayingxenye ye-champignon. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo okungavamile, babonwa ngendlela ehlukile kunabameleli bendabuko balo mndeni. Ingaphezulu lekepisi le-raincoat alilingani, limbozwe izingqimba ezincane ezifana ne-spines noma izinaliti. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya eziningi ezifana nempushana zakha ku-fungus, zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi uthuli, isipontshi sikagwayi noma ikhowe likagwayi. Ama-raincoat avame ukutholakala emahlathini futhi akhule kahle cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi.
Ungayithola kuphi futhi ngasiphi isizini?
Ikhowe le-puffball litholakala emahlathini axubile nangama-coniferous, otshanini, emasimini, ezindaweni ezigawuliwe, emaphethelweni ehlathi, ngisho nasezingadini. Zikhula ngamaqembu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izibonelo ezilodwa ziyahluma. I-raincoat emise okwepheya izwakala kahle eziqwini ezibolile zezihlahla ezivuthulukayo.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe, i-puffball ayinaso isiqu. Ikhowe liyibhola elivaliwe elinombala omhlophe, ophuzi noma onsundu. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, i-pseudopod ingabonakala, empeleni eyingxenye yomzimba wesikhunta. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, i-raincoat ivula ingxenye engaphezulu ye-cap, lapho kukhishwa khona izinhlamvu eziningi. Umoya uthwala izinambuzane uziyise ezindaweni eziseduze nezikude, ngakho isikhunta sihlakazeka siye ezindaweni ezintsha.
Ezifundeni ezifudumele, ama-raincoat atholakala kakade ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngokuvamile abakhi bamakhowe bawaqoqa kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. Ukuqoqa amajazi emvula, kungcono ukuphuma uye ehlathini ngosuku lwesibili ngemuva kwemvula. Iqiniso liwukuthi amakhowe alolu hlobo adonsa amanzi emhlabathini. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuna kwemvula, amajazi emvula ayakhukhumala futhi abe njengejeli.
Izinhlobo zamakhowe e-puffball adliwayo
Ama-raincoat amaningi ayadliwa. Kodwa-ke, kune-nuance ebalulekile - amakhowe angadliwa ngenkathi emhlophe. I-raincoat encane inephunga elimnandi, ukunambitheka okuhle kanye nesakhiwo esibucayi. Ngemuva kokushintsha umbala, ama-raincoat awaqoqwa.
Giant
I-raincoat enkulu (lat. Langermannia gigantea) idume ngokuthi i-golovach noma ikhowe elikhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo. Ikhula emasimini, ezimfeni noma emahlathini avuthulukayo. Enkabeni yeRussia, lolu hlobo lwe-raincoat aluvamile.
Isisindo se-raincoat eyodwa enjalo singafinyelela ku-8 kg, futhi ububanzi bungaba ngu-50 cm. Ngaphandle, i-mushroom iyibhola elikhulu. Umumo ungase ube isicaba kancane. Isikhumba sekepisi sibushelelezi noma simbozwe ngesikhumba esinjenge-flake. Ikhowe elincane linombala omhlophe, njengoba livuthwa, liba luhlaza ongcolile. Isakhiwo se-pulp siphukile, sithambile kakhulu.
okwenziwe ngepheya
I-puffball emise okwepheya (lat. Lycoperdon pyriforme) yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuma komzimba othelayo, ofana nepheya. Amakhowe angakhula aze afike ku-4-5 cm, futhi engxenyeni ebanzi kakhulu, ububanzi be-cap bungafinyelela ku-7-9 cm.
Umzimba wezithelo we-raincoat emise okwepheya umbozwe isikhumba esiphindwe kabili, une-pseudopod emfushane. Igobolondo langaphandle le-fungus encane liyisikhumba, i-prickly, i-creamy emhlophe ngombala, ihlanganiswe nezikali, imifantu. Lapho ukhunta buguga, ama-spikes ayawa, isikhumba sangaphandle siyaqhekeka, futhi isikhumba sangaphakathi siba mpunga-nsuqu noma sibe phuzi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, igobolondo elingaphakathi liyavuleka, elimboza ama-spores.
I-fibrous mass yangaphakathi ye-raincoat encane ihlukaniswa ubumhlophe obunzima, obumnandi kakhulu, kodwa obungenasici ekunambithekeni. Isikhathi sokuqoqwa kwama-raincoat amise okwepheya sisuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba.
Unameva
I-raincoat e-prickly (lat. Lycoperdon perlatum) ibizwa ngokuthi i-pearl. Amanye amagama adumile angaphezulu kwe-prosaic - inaliti, i-blackberry. I-spiny mushroom ayinkulu - ikhula ibe ngu-4 cm ubude futhi ifike ku-7 cm ububanzi. Ukuma kwe-raincoat kumise okwepheya, kuncishiswe kancane.
Umzimba othela izithelo umbozwe ngolwelwesi oluyi-spiny noma olune-warty. I-puffball encane imhlophe, iba mpunga noma onsundu ngokunsomi njengoba ikhula. Ukushintsha kombala kubonisa ukuthi amakhowe akufanele adliwe. I-puffball enezipikili ivunwa kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kuya ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaSepthemba.
I-Golovach oblong
I-Golovach oblong (lat. Calvatia excipuliformis) ibukeka njengebhola elincane, elidonswe ndawonye phansi. Ifilimu yangaphandle ibushelelezi ekuboneni kokuqala, kodwa uma ubhekisisa, ungabona ama-spines amancane, amancane. Izintambo ezimhlophe zangaphakathi zibonisa ukuthi i-mushroom isencane. Ejazini lemvula elivuthiwe, amnyama kakhulu, acishe abe mnyama.
I-Golovach oblong ingadideka ne-raincoat yamanga. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi ikhowe elidliwayo limbozwe izinaliti futhi alinayo i-pseudopod.
I-raincoat yaseMeadow
I-Meadow raincoat (lat. I-Vascellum pratense noma i-Lycoperdon pratense) iyikhowe elisesimweni sebhola elimhlophe eline-pseudopod eshwabene. Njengoba i-raincoat ikhula, isikhumba sangaphandle siba mnyama, sithola umbala onsundu. I-raincoat yaseMeadow ingabizwa ngokuthi i-miniature - ubukhulu bayo busukela ku-1 kuya ku-5 cm ubude nobubanzi.
Qoqa i-meadow mushroom otshanini obuvulekile nasemaphethelweni ehlathi. Ama-raincoats amancane kuphela anenyama emhlophe qhwa afaneleka ukudla. Ingaphakathi lamakhowe avuthiwe ansundu.
[Ividiyo] Izinto eziwusizo neziphilisayo ze-raincoat:
Ukubunjwa
Ukufundwa kokwakheka kwama-puffballs kwaqala ngemuva kokutadisha ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta ekudleni. Imiphumela yocwaningo iqinisekisile ukuthi i-raincoat ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni:
Ukwandisa izakhiwo zokuzivikela zomzimba.
Ukugqugquzela izinqubo ze-metabolic.
Ukwenza kusebenze imisebenzi yesistimu yenhliziyo.
Isidingo sokuyeka ukopha.
Imiphumela kumathumba e-genesis ehlukahlukene.
Umphumela ozwakalayo wokwelapha unikezwa ukwakheka okucebile kwe-pulp ye-raincoat. Iqukethe amaminerali, amavithamini nama-amino acid, izinto ezilwa namagciwane:
I-calcium ibalulekile empilweni yamathambo nokwakha amaseli amasha.
I-sodium - igcina ibhalansi ye-acid-base, isebenze ama-enzyme.
I-Chromium - ibandakanyeka kumetabolism yamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, ibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba.
Iodine - isekela impilo yegland yegilo, ithuthukisa izinqubo zokuqonda.
I-Potassium iyadingeka empilweni yenhliziyo, imisipha nemithambo yegazi.
I-iron iyisici esibalulekile se-hematopoiesis.
I-Fluorine - inesibopho sokuminyana koqweqwe lwamazinyo.
I-Phosphorus - ibandakanyeka ekwenziweni kwamaminerali ezicubu zamathambo.
I-Molybdenum - ithuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwama-amino acid, yenza i-neutralize compounds eyingozi.
I-Zinc - edingekayo empilweni yesistimu ye-genitourinary, ukuhlanganiswa kocansi, amahomoni e-anabolic.
I-Rubidium - ibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-antihistamine.
I-Phenylalanine - isekela impilo yesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi.
I-Cysteine - ibalulekile ku-collagen synthesis, izinwele nempilo yesikhumba.
I-Tryptophan - ihilelekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-serotonin, inikeza impilo yengqondo.
I-Methionine - isusa izinto eziyingozi, amagciwane e-pathogenic emzimbeni.
I-Vitamin D ihileleke kuzo zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile emzimbeni kusukela ekugcinweni kwezicubu zethambo kuya ekukhulelweni.
Amavithamini B ayadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe imicu yezinzwa, impilo yomgogodla nobuchopho.
Amavithamini K, C, E, H, PP ahileleke ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical ekuhlanganiseni kwamahomoni, ama-enzyme, athinta izinga legazi, futhi abe nezakhiwo ze-antioxidant.
Ngokwakheka okucebile okunjalo, amagremu ayi-100 we-raincoat mushroom aqoshiwe:
I-squirrel - 4 g.
I-Zhirov - 1 g.
Ama-carbohydrate - 1 g.
Ivolumu efanayo i-akhawunti ye-27 kcal kuphela, okwenza i-raincoat ibe ingxenye enhle kakhulu yokudla okunomsoco.
Imiphumela emibi engaba khona
Ama-raincoat avuthiwe, kanye nalawo aqoqwe ezindaweni ezingezinhle ngokwezemvelo, eduze kwemigwaqo, eduze kwamafektri. Lawa makhowe, aqoqe ubuthi, ama-radionuclides, izinhlanganisela eziyingozi, athola izinto ezinobuthi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-raincoat kuvinjelwe:
Ngokungezwani komzimba kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhowe.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo.
Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 ubudala.
Abantu abanesifo sezinso.
Ngesikhathi sokubhebhetheka kwezifo ze-gastrointestinal.
Ngokungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye kunoma yimaphi amakhowe.
Ama-raincoat angelinye lamakhowe amnandi kakhulu futhi anamanzi ane-pulp ethambile, enambitheka ngendlela emangalisayo. Kunzima ukudlula ama-raincoats ehlathini ngenxa yokuma kwawo okungavamile nokubukeka okungavamile. Lapho ukha amakhowe, kufanele uqikelele ukuthi ungangenisi izibonelo ezinobuthi kubhasikidi. Kukhona ama-raincoat angamanga angabi yingozi, kodwa awafaneleki ukudla.
Izibonelo ezincane zisetshenziselwa ukudla, lapho inyama imhlophe qhwa ngombala. Ama-raincoats abilisiwe, athosiwe epanini noma emlilweni, abhakwa neminye imifino, ehlanganiswe nezinhlobonhlobo zamasoso. Efomini elihlanjululwe futhi elomisiwe, agcina ngokuphelele umsoco, izakhiwo zokwelapha.