Ukuzivikela emikhazani: konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nalesi mite

Ziyini izimpawu zokulunywa umkhaza?

Kunenkulumo-mpikiswano yokuthi umkhaza uyaluma (ngokusho kweSiphathimandla Esiphezulu Sezempilo) noma uyaluma (ngokusho kwendawo Yezokuphepha Komphakathi) ukuze simunce igazi… Kodwa noma ngabe kulandela ukulunywa noma ukulunywa umkhaza, izimpawu eziningi zingabonakala, futhi akufanele zithathwe kalula! Imikhaza ingadlulisa amagciwane ahlukahlukene, ngakho ungahlushwa yiwo izinhlungu zekhanda, izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukukhubazeka, noma bona a Ipuleti elibomvu, okuthiwa "i-erythema migrans", isici sesifo se-Lyme.

Siyini isifo seLyme?

Kulinganiselwa, ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe okuthathelwanayo kwesampula yemikhaza, ukuthi u-15% wabo angabathwali bebhaktheriya elidala emadolobheni amakhulu eFrance. Isifo se-Lyme. Isifo se-Lyme, esibizwa nangokuthi borreliosis de Lyme, isifo esibangelwa amagciwane Borrelia burgdorferi. Umkhaza ungadlulisela leli gciwane kubantu ngesikhathi ulunywa. I-Lyme borreliosis ibangela izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, kanye nokubomvu okubizwa ngokuthi "i-erythema migrans", engase ihambe ngokwayo.

Okuningi ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo sikhula futhi sithinte ezinye izitho. Izimpawu zingase zivele esikhumbeni (njengokuvuvukala), isimiso sezinzwa (ama-meninges, ubuchopho, izinzwa zobuso), amalunga (ikakhulukazi amadolo) futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, inhliziyo (ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo). Kusukela ku-5 kuya ku-15% abantu bathola ukulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa phakathi nalesi sigaba sesibili. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kuhlasela akuvamile. Ezikhathini eziningi, ukulunywa komkhaza / ukulunywa kubangela izinkinga ezincane kuphela. 

Iyini i-meningoencephalitis ethwala umkhaza (FSME)?

Esinye isifo esivame kakhulu esibangelwa ukulunywa umkhaza yi i-meningoencephalitis ephethwe umkhaza. Lesi sifo sibangelwa igciwane (hhayi i-bacterium njengesifo se-Lyme) futhi saziwa nangokuthi "vernoestival" meningoencephalitis, maqondana nezinkathi zonyaka (intwasahlobo-ehlobo) lapho sigcwele khona.

Ukhona lapho kuvela khona izifo zamathuna kuma-meninges, umgogodla noma ubuchopho. Ngokuvamile, kubangela izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bamalunga, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nokukhathala. Kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa. Kuze kube manje, akukho ukwelashwa, kodwa umgomo uyanconywa. 

Ubani ongathola umuthi wokugomela i-encephalitis othwalwa umkhaza?

Awukabikho umuthi wokugomela isifo i-Lyme, kodwa ilabhorethri esebenzisana ne-Pfizer okwamanje isesigabeni sokuhlola, ngethemba lokudayiswa ngo-2025. Iziphathimandla zezempilo zaseFrance zitusa, nokho, ukugonyelwa i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza, ikakhulukazi lapho uhamba. phakathi Emaphakathi, eMpumalanga naseNyakatho Yurophu, noma ku ezinye izindawo zaseChina noma eJapan, phakathi kwentwasahlobo nekwindla.

Kunemithi eminingi yokugoma lesi sifo esithwalwa umkhaza, okuhlanganisa Imithi yokugoma yezingane i-Ticovac 0,25 ml, Ticovac intsha kanye nabantu abadala kusuka elabhorethri ye-Pfizer noma i-Encépur kusuka kulabhorethri ye-GlaxoSmithKline. Okwakamuva akukwazi ukuba ujovwe kuphela kusukela eminyakeni eyi-12.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukulunywa umkhaza?

Nakuba izimpawu ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane zikude kakhulu ukuthi azinakwa, ngenhlanhla kungenzekagwema lesi simbuzane esincane ! Qaphela, ihlaba ngaphandle kokulimaza ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyiqaphela. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi ngangokunokwenzeka, ungakwazi: 

• Gqoka ngaphandle izingubo ezimboza izingalo nemilenze, izicathulo ezivaliwe nesigqoko. Lokhu kwakamuva kunconywa ikakhulukazi, kucacisa i-INRAE, iNational Institute of Agronomic Research, “ izingane eziphakamise amakhanda azo otshanini obude nasezihlahleni ". Izingubo ezilula kungasiza futhi ukulandelelwa kwemikhaza, kubonakale kakhulu kunakumnyama.
• Ehlathini, sigwema ukushiya imizila. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlangana nemikhaza emabhulashini, ama-fern notshani obude.
• Emuva kohambo lwakho, kunconywa ukuba dilika zome zonke izingubo ezigugile ekushiseni okungama-40 ° C ubuncane ukuze abulale umkhaza ofihliwe okungenzeka.
• Kuyadingeka futhi ukugeza futhi uhlole ukuthi asiboni emzimbeni wakhe kanye nowabantwana bethu, ikakhulukazi emiphethweni nasezindaweni ngokuvamile ezinomswakama (intamo, ikhwapha, i-crotch, ngemuva kwezindlebe namadolo), ichashaza elincane elimnyama elifana nemvukuzane eyayingekho ngaphambili ! Qaphela, izibungu zomkhaza azilingani ngaphezu kwamamilimitha angu-0,5, bese kuthi ama-nymphs 1 kuya ku-2 amamilimitha.
• Kuwubuhlakani ukuthi uhlale ukhona isikhiphi somkhaza, kanye ne'okokuxosha, ngokukhetha labo abanemvume yokumaketha, kanye nokuhlonipha izimo zabo zokusebenzisa (ungabuza ekhemisi mayelana nokungenzeka contraindications izingane kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe). Singamithisa izingubo zezingane zethu, kanye nezethu, ngomuthi wokuxosha. 

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-tick puller esikhumbeni somuntu?

EFrance, i-Health Insurance iyatusa ukusebenzisa isikhiphi somkhaza (ethengiswa emakhemisi) noma ehluleka lokho, ama-tweezers amahle okukhipha umkhaza onamabala esikhumbeni sakhe noma sezihlobo zakhe. Umgomo uwukubamba ngobumnene isinambuzane eduze ngangokunokwenzeka esikhumbeni ngenkathi udonsa ngobumnene kodwa ngokuqinile, futhi wenza ukunyakaza okuyisiyingi ukuze ungaphuli imishini yomlomo, ezohlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba. 

« Ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kunciphisa amandla okulungisa emigogodla emincane ye-rostrum (ikhanda lomkhaza), ngakho-ke kunciphisa ukumelana nokuhoxa. », Uchaza i-UFC-Que Choisir, u-Denis Heitz, umphathi jikelele we-O'tom, omunye wabakhiqizi bamahhuku omaka. ” Uma umkhaza ukhishwe ngokuphelele, konke kuhamba kahle, icacisa okwakamuva. Into esemqoka akufanele ucindezele isisu ngesikhathi sokususwa ngoba lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwamagciwane. » 

Uma umuntu ehlulekile ukususa lonke ikhanda likamkhaza ne-rostrum ngesikhathi sokuqala, ungathuki: “ Izindlala zamathe eziqukethe amagciwane zitholakala esiswini », Kubonisa uNathalie Boulanger, usokhemisi e-Borrelia National Reference Centre e-Strasbourg, oxoxwe yi-UFC-Que Choisir. Kuphakathi kokuthi udokotela angasiza ekususeni izinsalela ezinamathele esikhumbeni, noma singalinda ukuba "zome" futhi ziwe.

Kuzo zonke izimo, isikhumba kufanele sikhishwe ngokucophelela nge-a i-antiseptic ye-chlorhexidine et qaphela indawo ehlabayo izinsuku ezingama-30 uma uthuthukisa uqweqwe olubomvu olusakazekayo, uphawu lwesifo seLyme. Kungaba usizo ukubhala phansi usuku owalunywa ngalo. Ebubomvuni obuncane noma uma kubanda kanye nomkhuhlane, kuyadingeka thintana udokotela wakhe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka… futhi qaphela ukuthi ungaphambanisi lezi zimpawu nalezo ze-Covid-19!

Umkhaza awunaso isikhathi sokudlulisa izifo namagciwane ukuthi uma ihlala ilenga amahora angaphezu kuka-7. Kungalesi sizathu-ke kufanele sithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Indlela yokwelapha ukulunywa komkhaza?

Ezimweni eziningi, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, noma esomntwana wethu, sizoziqeda amagciwane abangela isifo seLyme. Ekuvimbeleni, udokotela usengakwazi ukunikeza a Ukwelashwa kwama-anti-virus kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-20 kuye kwezingama-28 ngokwezimpawu zomtholampilo ezibonwa kumuntu onegciwane.

I-Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) ikhumbule ukuthi kumafomu asabalalisiwe (ama-5% amacala) ezifo ze-Lyme, okungukuthi lawo azibonakalisa amasonto ambalwa noma ngisho nezinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva komjovo, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana ne-serologies kanye nezeluleko zezokwelapha zochwepheshe ziyadingeka. . 

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izingozi ezengeziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Zimbalwa izifundo zezokwelapha ngale ndaba, kodwa akubonakali kunengozi eyengeziwe uma kwenzeka ukulunywa umkhaza phakathi nokukhulelwa. Kodwa ukuqapha nokuqapha kusadingeka, futhi udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi.

Ngokocwaningo lwesiFulentshi olwenziwa ngo-2013, i Borrelia burgdorferi engakwazi ngakolunye uhlangothi ukweqa umgoqo we-placenta, ngakho-ke ukuthelela ingane ekhulayo, ngengozi enkulu yokubangela isifo senhliziyo noma ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungaba njalo ikakhulukazi lapho lesi sifo siqala ku-trimester yokuqala futhi singelashwa ngokushesha.

Uma ubona umkhaza bese uwususa, noma welashelwa izimpawu zokulunywa, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka.

Ahlala kuphi amakhizane eFrance?

1. Izindawo zomkhaza ezithandwayo emaphethelweni ehlathi, utshani, ikakhulukazi obude, izihlahlana, uthango nezihlahlana. Lezi zimuncagazi ezimunca igazi kuhle ziphila endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile, kodwa zinokuvumelana nezimo eziphakeme kakhulu ukuphakama, kufika kumamitha angu-2, kanye nomswakama. Ngaphansi kuka-000 ° C, ingena ku-hibernation. 

2. Kusukela ngo-2017, uhlelo lokucwaninga olubambe iqhaza lwe-CITIQUE, oludidiyelwe yi-INRAE, beluthembele ekubambeni kwethu iqhaza ukuze sithuthukise ulwazi lwemikhaza nezifo ezihlobene nayo. Noma ubani angabika ukulunywa komkhaza esebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala lwe-“Tick Report”.

3. "Thikha umbiko": inguqulo entsha yohlelo lokusebenza ukubika ukulunywa komkhaza iyatholakala

4. Lokhu kokugcina kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqoqa idatha ngokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo, umongo wokulunywa komkhaza (usuku, indawo lapho umzimba ulunywe khona, inani lemikhaza etshaliwe, uhlobo lwendawo, isizathu sokulunywa. ubukhona endaweni yokuluma, isithombe sokulunywa kanye / noma umaka…) kanye namagciwane abawaphethe. Isicelo sesilandwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-70 esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka emine, okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusungula imephu yangempela yemephu. ingozi yokulunywa umkhaza eFrance. 

5. Enguqulweni yakamuva "Yombiko Womaka", abasebenzisi bangakha amaphrofayili ambalwa ngaphakathi kwe-akhawunti efanayo, ukuze bathole imibiko yokuluma yesikhathi esizayo. ” Isibonelo, umndeni ungagcina amaphrofayili ku-akhawunti eyodwa. abazali, izingane kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo. Abasebenzisi bayazuza olwazini olwengeziwe lokuvikela kanye nokulandelela ngemuva kokulunywa », Ikhombisa INRAE. Kungenzeka futhi ukubika umjovo ngenkathi "ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi", ngoba uhlelo lokusebenza ludlulisela umbiko uma uxhumano lwe-inthanethi selutholakele.

6. Imikhaza: ubungozi futhi ezingadini ezizimele nezikahulumeni

7. Ngenkathi izindawo eziyinhloko lapho imikhaza itholakala khona umphakathi jikelele ingamahlathi, izindawo ezinamahlathi nezinomswakama, notshani obude ezindaweni ezihlala imikhaza, ingxenye yesithathu yokulunywa yenzeke ezingadini ezizimele noma emapaki omphakathi, okudinga ngokusho kwe-INRAE ​​” cabanga kabusha ngokuvimbela kulezi zindawo lapho abantu benqikaza ukulandela izinyathelo zokuvimbela umuntu ngamunye ezinconyelwe ukuhambahamba ehlathini “. Phakathi kuka-2017 no-2019, abantu abangu-28% kuyo yonke indawo yedolobha bamenyezelwe. ukuhlatshwa engadini yangasese, amaphesenti angu-47% phakathi kukaMashi no-April 2020.

8. Imikhaza: ukwanda okubukhali kokulunywa ezingadini ezizimele

9. Ngakho-ke, i-INRAE ​​​​kanye ne-ANSES, i-National Food Sanitary Security Agency, yethule iphrojekthi ye-“TIQUoJARDIN” ekupheleni kuka-April 2021. Umgomo wayo ? Baqonde kangcono ubungozi obuhambisana nokuba khona kwemikhaza ezingadini ezizimele, thola izici ezivamile zalezi zingadi bese ukhomba ukuthi le mikhaza inamagciwane yini. Kusuka kusethi yeqoqo ethunyelwe ezindlini zokuzithandela edolobheni laseNancy nakomasipala abangomakhelwane, izingadi ezingaphezu kuka-200 izohlolwa, futhi imiphumela izotholakala emphakathini wesayensi kanye nezakhamuzi.

Iyini inkathi yomkhaza?

Ngenxa yedatha eqoqwe phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-“Tick Signaling”, abacwaningi be-INRAE ​​bakwazile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhathi eziyingozi kakhulu intwasahlobo nekwindla. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubungozi bokuwela imikhaza bukhona eliphezulu phakathi kukaMashi noNovemba.

Ungawususa kanjani umkhaza enjeni yethu noma ekatini lethu?

Uma kubhekwa indlela yazo yokuphila, izilwane zethu ezinemilenze emine zithandwa kakhulu imikhaza! Uma ubona umkhaza ejazini noma esikhumbeni sesilwane esifuywayo, ungasebenzisa ikhadi lokumaka, ama-tweezers amancane, noma ngisho nezinzipho zakho, ukuyisusa. Ekuvimbeleni, kukhona futhi amakholomu e-anti tick, okufana namazeze, amaconsi noma amaphilisi ahlafunwayo. 

Ezimweni eziningi, izinja zethu noma amakati awaphathwa wukulunywa umkhaza, kodwa uma umkhaza unegciwane, ungadlulisela kubo isifo seLyme noma i-meningoencephalitis ethwalwa yimikhaza. Izinja zisemathubeni amaningi okuba nesifo somkhaza kunamakati.. Uma usola, ungacela ukuhlolwa kudokotela wakho wezilwane, ozobe esekwenza a ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Ngokumelene ne-FSME ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukho umgomo wezilwane zethu.