Ngokuvumelana nomsebenzi walo, Ibhodi Lokuhlela le-MedTvoiLokony lenza yonke imizamo yokuhlinzeka ngokuqukethwe kwezokwelapha okuthembekile okusekelwa ulwazi lwakamuva lwesayensi. Ifulegi elengeziwe elithi "Okuqukethwe Okuhloliwe" libonisa ukuthi i-athikili ibuyekezwe noma yabhalwa udokotela ngokuqondile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa okuyizinyathelo ezimbili: intatheli yezokwelapha kanye nodokotela basivumela ukuthi sinikeze okuqukethwe kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuhambisana nolwazi lwamanje lwezokwelapha.
Ukuzibophezela kwethu kule ndawo kuye kwathakaselwa, phakathi kokunye, yiNhlangano Yezintatheli Zezempilo, eyaklomelisa Ibhodi Lokuhlela le-MedTvoiLokony ngesihloko sokuhlonipha esithi Umfundisi Omkhulu.
Singafunda ezincwadini eziningi ezithandwayo ukuthi iwayini elibomvu, uma liphuzwa ngesilinganiso esisesilinganisweni, lithuthukisa impilo, ikakhulukazi impilo yenhliziyo. Lesi siphuzo siqukethe izinhlanganisela eziningi ezizuzisayo ezisekela umsebenzi waso ngokwemvelo. Kodwa ingabe kuyiqiniso noma isikhangiso esicashwe ngobuhlakani sotshwala esingavunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba sibukhangise? Siyabuza uprof. n. med. Krzysztof J. Filipiak, udokotela wenhliziyo kanye nochwepheshe bewayini.
- Inani elincane lewayini lingasebenza kahle enhliziyweni nempilo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kungenxa yama-polyphenols aqukethwe kulesi siphuzo
- UProf. Filipiak uthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziqukethe izinto ezivikela inhliziyo kakhulu
- Lo chwepheshe uphinde achaze ukuthi yiwayini elibomvu kuphela elinomthelela omuhle enhliziyweni
- – Cabangela ukusetshenziswa okusesilinganisweni. Udokotela wenhliziyo uncoma iwayini, ngokuvamile elibomvu, elomile njalo - kusho uprofesa engxoxweni ne-Medonet
- Hlola impilo yakho. Vele uphendule le mibuzo
- Ungathola ezinye izindaba ezinjalo ekhasini lasekhaya le-TvoiLokony
UMonika Zieleniewska, MedTvoiLokony: Ngokusobala, ngisho nodokotela bathi ingilazi yewayini ngesidlo sakusihlwa ayilimazi futhi isiza ngisho nempilo. Futhi uprofesa?
UProf. hab. med. Krzysztof J. Filipiak: Kukhona ucwaningo olubonisa ukuthi ngisho nenani elincane lotshwala liyingozi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngokuqinisekile kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe ye-cirrhosis, imidlavuza ethile noma i-paroxysmal arrhythmias yenhliziyo, kodwa indlela yokusebenza yalezi zifundo iyabuzwa. Kudokotela, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi ukuphuza utshwala obuncane kunomthelela yini ekufeni sekukonke. Futhi lapha kuvela ukuthi akukhulisi lokhu kufa, futhi mhlawumbe kunciphisa kancane.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi utshwala bunomthelela ekwandeni kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kanye nomdlavuza, kodwa bubuye bubehlise ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, nokufa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Lokhu mhlawumbe yingakho odokotela benhliziyo bebelokhu bebheka ngokukhululekile inani elincane lotshwala ewayinini iminyaka, futhi odokotela be-gastrologists kanye ne-hepatologists banesimo sengqondo esibucayi kakhulu ngakho.
- Bheka futhi: Yini i-hepatologist engeke idle? Nansi imikhiqizo elimaza isibindi sethu kakhulu
Ngakho-ke hlobo luni lwewayini olungabekezelela izazi zenhliziyo futhi kungani zibomvu?
Mhlawumbe ake siqale ngokuchaza ukuthi iwayini liyini kuqala. Iwayini liwumkhiqizo otholakala ekuvubeleni kotshwala kwamagilebhisi eqiniso i-Vitis vinifera, aqukethe ubuncane obungu-8,5%. utshwala.
Ngempela, isithakazelo sethu iminyaka eminingi sigxile ewayinini elibomvu, ngoba liqukethe izinto eziningi ze-cardioprotective. Avela kujusi wamagilebhisi ngokwawo, futhi maningi awo ecwecweni elibomvu, elimnyama lejikijolo lamagilebhisi kunasenyameni yalo. Ngakho, amawayini abomvu, enziwe ngamagilebhisi abomvu, abonakala evikela inhliziyo kakhudlwana.
Sesineminyaka sikhuluma ngezinhlobo zewayini eziqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-polyphenols amaningi futhi kuyafaneleka ukutusa lapha: I-Cannonau di Sardegna - amagilebhisi omdabu aseSardegna, aphuzwa ngokwesiko abalimi bendawo, futhi namuhla - ngabantu baseSardinia, okungukuthi abantu phakathi kwabo abaningi abaneminyaka eyikhulu bahlala ezwenikazi lethu . Izinhlobo ze-New World nazo zikufanele ukutuswa - i-Australian Shiraz, i-Argentina i-Malbec, i-Uruguayan Tannat, i-South African Pinotage, equkethe inani elikhulu lama-polyphenols futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, itshalwe eningizimu ye-hemisphere, lapho umoya ungangcoliswa kakhulu kunasenyakatho yezwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba wewayini ezitshalweni zeZwe Elidala - amawayini aphuzi, amawayini aseYurophu, amasiko eMedithera kanye neNew World, kanye namazwe aluhlaza - lapho ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi kwasakazeka kabanzi ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX; ibalazwe libonisa ukuzungeza kwemimoya evamile yembulunga yethu (imicibisholo ebomvu) ethwala ukungcoliswa komoya; Kuphela eningizimu nenkabazwe lapho lokhu kusakazwa kwenzeka emazweni anokungcola komoya okuphansi;
Imephu elungiswe ngu-prof. Krzysztof J. Filipiak
Ngakho amawayini aseYurophu angaba yingozi kakhulu?
Izinhlobo zaseYurophu nazo ziyasimangaza ngezakhiwo zazo ezisanda kutholwa ze-cardioprotective. Isibonelo, i-Apulian, okungukuthi, iwayini lase-Italy eliseningizimu njenge-Negroamaro, i-Susumaniello noma i-Primitivo, inomphumela obanzi wokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant; I-Balkan strain ye-Refosco ichaza ukugcwaliswa okuphezulu okuphezulu kakhulu nge-polyphenol ethile - i-furaneol, futhi lolu hlobo luphinde luhlonishwe ngokwenza ngcono izibalo zegazi le-peripheral. Obunye ubucwebe baseningizimu ye-Italy - i-Aliagnico emnyama - iqukethe izinhlanganisela ezimbalwa ezikhonjiwe ezivela eqenjini lama-polyphenols anezakhiwo ze-antiatherosclerotic kanye ne-anti-inflammatory. Ezinhlelweni ezinhle kakhulu - futhi ezitshalwa ePoland - izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Pinot noir, isenzakalo esikhulu okuthiwa i-orange anthocyanin - callistefin, etholakala kumahalananda, ama-strawberry kanye nommbila omnyama.
Uma sibuyela embuzweni odlule, ingabe kufanele siwayeke amawayini amhlophe?
Nginezindaba ezinhle kubantu abazithandayo. Ku-Zibibbo yaseSicilian, ngaphezu kwe-terpenes esacwaningiwe (i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerol), okuphuma ku-cyanidin okuthakazelisa kakhulu okunamandla okulwa nomdlavuza, ukulwa nomdlavuza kanye nemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala (i-chrysanthemine) ikhonjwe. Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela efanayo ukuthi imvelo isinikeza ngobuningi kuma-currants amnyama.
Emawayinini amaningi amhlophe: Sauvignon blanc, Gewurztraminerach, Reslingach, sithola inqwaba yamakhompiyutha anobukhona bamaqembu e-sulfhydryl - SH, okungukuthi izinto ezine-antioxidant enamandla noma ezikhipha ubuthi, ngoba zibopha izinsimbi ezinzima. Njengoba oprofesa bezifo zenhliziyo bengitshela ngokuncokola - abathandi bewayini abavela e-Italy, yingakho kufanele uphuze iwayini elimhlophe nokudla kwasolwandle okungcolisiwe kakhulu nezinhlanzi.
Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi izinhlanganisela ze-pyrazine zinesibopho samanothi we-gooseberry, ikakhulukazi e-New Zealand Sauvignon blanc engiyithandayo. Ama-compounds afanayo angatholakala emithini elwa nesifo sofuba esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ku-bortezomib - umuthi omusha we-myeloma eminingi.
Emazweni anesimo sezulu esibandayo, okuthiwa yi-hybrid strains equkethe izinhlanganisela eziningi zamakhemikhali ezisekela izinqubo zomzimba. Ngicabanga ngalokho okubizwa ngemikhiqizo yokuwohloka kwe-fatty acid - i-hexanal, i-hexanol, i-hexenal, i-hexenol, kanye nokuphuma kwayo - lezi nazo ziningi ohlotsheni olutshalwe e-Poland - i-Marshal Foch. Okubizwa ngokuthi i-chemistry yewayini kuyathakazelisa ngempela.
Lapho sixoxa ngethonya elihle lewayini emizimbeni yethu, kukhulunywa ngenhliziyo kwasekuqaleni. Iyini imiphumela enomsoco yewayini?
Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yolwazi oluqhubekayo olukhulayo mayelana nomthelela wotshwala - ngingathanda ukugcizelela futhi, kusetshenziswe njalo ngamanani amancane kakhulu - emsebenzini we-vascular endothelium namaplatelet. Utshwala obuqukethwe ewayinini bunomphumela wokulwa neplatelet kancane, bunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahlule egazi (umphumela we-thrombin), buthuthukisa ukuvezwa kwezinto ezingamahlule egazi emvelo (okuthinta i-endogenous fibrinolysis), kunciphisa umoya-mpilo we-cholesterol embi ye-LDL ejikeleza egazini. igazi, kwandisa ukugcwala kwe-cholesterol ye-HDL enhle, kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitric oxide kumaseli e-endothelial futhi kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-fibrinogen. Ngakho ngamafuphi kanye nokwenza lula.
Ngokuvamile, akukanqunywa ukuthi izinto eziqukethwe ewayinini noma utshwala ngokwazo zibaluleke kakhulu lapha. Kubonakala kuyisenzo esihlangene. Kunzima ukwenza ucwaningo olunjalo ngokunembile, ngoba iwayini liyiphesenti eliphansi, elivutshelwe ijusi yomvini ehloniphekile, equkethe amakhulukhulu enhlanganisela yamakhemikhali yendima engaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ziyizinhlobo eziyingqayizivele, ezinokwakheka okuhlukile, futhi amashumi ezinkulungwane zawo achazwe.
Igama elithi polyphenols lishiwo izikhathi eziningi. Buyini lobu budlelwano?
Ukukubeka kalula, ama-polyphenols ayiqembu lama-phenolic compounds anomphumela onamandla we-antioxidant, ngakho-ke angase anciphise ingozi yezifo zenhliziyo kanye nomdlavuza. Ama-polyphenols angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe ama-tannins (ama-esters e-gallic acid nama-saccharides) nama-flavonoid esiwathakasela kakhulu.
I-Flavonoids imibala esungulwe ngokwemvelo, enesibopho semibala yazo zonke izipho zemvelo - izithelo nemifino. Futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile - ama-antioxidants, ama-insecticide, ama-fungicides, ngakho-ke agcinwa ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zezicubu zezitshalo, ezinikeza umbala oqinile. Sibuyela ekuqondeni izizathu zokuthi kungani silangazelela ikakhulukazi ukukhuluma ngokubomvu, kunokumhlophe noma okubomvana, lapho sicabanga ngalobu budlelwano. Ama-Flavonoid yigama elihlangene lezinhlanganisela eziningi eziphinde zihlukaniswe njengama-flavonols, ama-flavone, ama-flavanones, ama-flavanonols, ama-isoflavones, ama-catechin nama-anthocyanidin.
Kube nokuningi okubhaliwe mayelana ne-resveratrol kungekudala. Ingabe i-flavonoid ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho?
I-Resveratrol ingenye yezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili. wachaza ama-flavonoid, kodwa eqinisweni sazi mayelana nama-500 alezi zinhlanganisela. I-Resveratrol yayingenye yezokuqala, kodwa ucwaningo lwamanje alubonisi ukuthi i-Holy Grail ye-flavonoids. Kubonakala sengathi inhlanganisela yemvelo kuphela yamakhulu e-flavonoid enikeza umphumela ogcwele we-antioxidant. Imisebenzi eminingi ethokozisayo iyashicilelwa njengamanje, ngokwesibonelo ku-quercetin.
- Ungathenga isithasiselo sokudla nge-resveratrol eMedonet Market
Ngakho uwunquma kanjani umthamo wotshwala onenzuzo empilweni yakho?
Sinenkinga ngalokho. Ukukhuthazwa kotshwala, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yethu yeYurophu, lapho ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obunamandla kuze kube manje sekubusa, akwamukelekile. Njengodokotela, kufanele sisebenze ukuze siguqule izimo zengqondo zeziguli zethu, singalokothi sizincenge ukuba ziphuze utshwala, kodwa futhi sibonise izinzuzo zokuphuza inani elilinganiselwe lewayini elibomvu njengengxenye yokudla kwaseMedithera.
Ngenkathi ngibhala ukubuyekezwa kwencwadi ethi “Wine is good for the heart” ngodokotela benhliziyo abakhulu abasebenzelana newayini ePoland – prof. Władysław Sinkiewicz, igagasi lamazwana angemnandi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana lawela phezu kwami. Inkululeko yokukhuluma ngalokhu kumele iqinisekiswe. Njengodokotela osemusha, ngake ngalungiselela iphrojekthi yocwaningo lapho sahlola khona umphumela wezinhlobo ezahlukene zewayini elibomvu ekwandeni kwe-endothelial. Ikomidi le-bioethics le-Medical University of Warsaw ngaleso sikhathi alizange livume ukuziphatha kwalo, lisebenzisa umthetho wasePoland mayelana nokukhuliswa ngokulingana. Ngafaka isikhalazo ngesinqumo sakhe ekomitini le-bioethics eMnyangweni Wezempilo futhi leli komiti alizange livumelane nocwaningo lapho abafundi - amavolontiya ayezophuza u-250 ml wewayini elibomvu futhi ahlolwe okungezona okuphazamisa umsebenzi we-vascular endothelial. Uprofesa wezokwelapha kuleli komiti wabuza ethukile ukuthi sizobanikeza yini abafundi abahlolwa ikhefu lokugula emakilasini ngakusasa. Ucwaningo aluzange luphumelele, futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva ngathola owaseMelika ofanayo kakhulu kujenali yesayensi enhle.
Ngakho-ke isiphetho sinye – masingagxeki ulwazi locwaningo lwewayini newayini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sineziqondiso ezicacile ze-Polish Forum for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: "noma yiziphi izincomo mayelana nokuqalwa noma ukuqiniswa kokuphuza utshwala, okuhloswe ngazo ukuzuza imiphumela yezempilo enenzuzo, akunconywa", ngakolunye - kubhekisela kuya "ukuqala" kanye "nokuqinisa". Ngakho-ke kubantu abaphuza iwayini ngesidlo sakusihlwa, kufanelekile kuphela ukuguqula uhlobo lwalo, umthamo, kanye nokukhuthaza ulwazi mayelana nokukhetha uhlobo. Lena incazelo yami.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, njengoba iwayini lihambisana nokudla, akufanele yini sikunake ukudla?
Cabanga ngalokho esikuphuzayo, lokho esihlanganisa iwayini, yikuphi ukudla, noma sidla imifino nezithelo eziningi, noma sinciphise amafutha ezilwane nenyama ebomvu. Mhlawumbe kungcono ukuphuza ingilazi yewayini esikhundleni se-dessert ye-caloric egcwele ushukela namafutha? Namuhla asinakungabaza ngakho. Ngiyavuma ukuthi lapho isiguli singena ehhovisi futhi emazwini okuqala engxoxo sisho ngokuziqhenya ukuthi asikaze "sibheme noma siphuze", ngiyamangala ukuthi imfundo ingajulile kangakanani ePoland, njengoba umlutha obulalayo wokubhema uye walingana ezingqondweni. yeziguli eziphuza iwayini.
Ngifunde ukuthi iwayini libuye lithuthukise impilo yabantu abanokuwohloka komqondo, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, livimbela ukucindezeleka, lisekela ukuphila isikhathi eside kanye nama-bacteria amahle emathunjini. Ingabe konke kuyiqiniso?
Imibuzo eminingi kakhulu kunhlolokhono eyodwa … ngibheka incwadi ka-prof. Władysław Sinkiewicz. Uprofesa iminyaka eminingi ephethe Umtholampilo Wezinhliziyo ze-Nicolaus Copernicus University e-Bydgoszcz, namuhla, usethathe umhlalaphansi, cishe unesikhathi esengeziwe sokubhekana nalolu daba futhi yingakho i-monograph yokuqala yesiPolish ngale ndaba. Esinye isazi se-enocardiologist (igama elinjalo - i-neologism - egcizelela ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-oenology kanye ne-cardiology) iyasebenza futhi eningizimu yePoland - prof. UGrzegorz Gajos waseKrakow. Futhi okwamanje ngilungiselela iphepha emivinini kanye nobuso bewayini be-cardioprotective.
Ngokufingqa, yini okufanele yenziwe ukuvimbela ezinye izitho ukuthi zingalimali ngenxa yengilazi edakwe ngenhliziyo?
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, bambelela ekusetshenzisweni okusesilinganisweni. Kunezinkinga ngencazelo yayo, kodwa ngokuvamile sisho okungenani isiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kowesifazane kanye neziphuzo ezingu-1-2 zowesilisa. Isiphuzo inani le-10-15 g yotshwala obuhlanzekile, ngakho-ke inani eliqukethwe ku-150 ml wewayini. Lokhu kulingana ne-330 ml kabhiya noma i-30-40 ml ye-vodka, nakuba esimweni salezi ezimbili zokugcina, izincwadi ezifakazela umphumela we-cardioprotective ziyindlala kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, udokotela wenhliziyo uncoma iwayini, ngokuvamile elibomvu, elomile njalo.
Ukuphuza noma yiluphi uhlobo lotshwala olumnandi kwandisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka kwesifo sikashukela, ngakho-ke kufanele seseke odokotela besifo sikashukela kulokhu. Mhlawumbe ngingenza okuhlukile kuma-cider omile asePoland - kuyadabukisa ukuthi iPoland ime notshwala obuqinile futhi ayisekeli abalimi bayo bezithelo nama-apula aphelele asePoland. Mhlawumbe akulona izwe elinesiko lokuphuza i-calvados (i-apple distillate, ekhulile emiphongolweni ye-oki), kodwa i-cider - singakwazi.
Amagama abalulekile aqukethwe kuzincomo zokuvimbela zaseYurophu ezishicilelwe umphakathi wethu wezifo zenhliziyo. Bakhuluma ngokunciphisa ukuphuzwa kotshwala, ngakho-ke isilinganiso esiphezulu semithamo yotshwala esiyi-7 - 14 ngesonto kwabesilisa, 7 kwabesifazane, kodwa baxwayisa ngokuthi le mithamo akumele iqoqwe! Ngakho-ke ingilazi yewayini enesidlo sakusihlwa nsuku zonke - lapha uya. Enye imodeli - angiphuzi phakathi nesonto, impelasonto ifika futhi ngibambe - angikaze. Lesi sitayela sokuphuza sihlotshaniswa nengozi yokwenyuka komfutho wegazi, i-cardiac arrhythmias, nokushaywa unhlangothi.
Sikhulume kakhulu ngemiphumela ye-cardioprotective ye-polyphenols - kubantu abangabuphuzi nhlobo utshwala, nginezindaba ezinhle: ama-polyphenols afanayo atholakala emifino emisha yonyaka, izithelo, ikhofi yekhwalithi enhle, ushokoledi omnyama nokhokho.
Kungani lezi zindinganiso zokuphuza ezilinganiselwe zihlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane?
Eqinisweni, ubulili abubalulekile lapha futhi isisindo somzimba sibaluleke kakhulu. Kalula nje, ezifundweni ze-epidemiological, imithamo yotshwala yaguqulwa ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba, nokuthi amadoda amakhulu ngenani labantu futhi anesisindo esiningi - yingakho imiphumela yocwaningo nezincomo ezilandelayo.
Akufanele yini umuntu othambekele ekubeni umlutha aphuze iwayini, ngisho nangenhliziyo engqondweni?
Kufanelekile ukuvumelana nalokhu, nakuba lapha ngibhekisela kodokotela bengqondo nodokotela bengqondo. Ngokuvamile, masikhumbule ukuthi ungaba umlutha wayo yonke into, futhi masingalahli iwayini ngokuxhamazela. Kodwa mhlawumbe uLouis Pasteur wayeqinisile lapho ethi: “Iwayini liyisiphuzo esinempilo nesihlanzeke kunazo zonke.” Futhi i-Latin maxim "In vino veritas" ithole umlayezo wendawo yonke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - kukhona iqiniso ewayinini, mhlawumbe iqiniso ngempilo.
ungudokotela wenhliziyo, i-internist, i-hypertensiologist kanye nodokotela wemithi yomtholampilo. Muva nje, ube ngumphathi we-Medical University of Maria Skłodowskiej-Curie e-Warsaw, futhi ngasese uyazifela nge-oenology, okungukuthi isayensi yewayini, kanye ne-ampelography - isayensi ephathelene nokuchaza nokuhlukanisa imivini. Ezinkundleni zokuxhumana (IG: @profkrzysztofjfilipiak) singathola izinkulumo zoqobo zikaprofesa mayelana nezinhlobo zewayini.
Lokhu kungase kube nentshisekelo kuwe:
- Abaningi basePoland bafa ngakho. Udokotela wenhliziyo uyakutshela ukuthi yini okudingeka ishintshwe ngokushesha
- Lezi zimpawu zibikezela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kusasele izinyanga
- Yini udokotela wenhliziyo angeke ayidle? "Uhlu olumnyama". Ibuhlungu inhliziyo