Uvendle: kuyini?

I-Poliomyelitis, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "uvendle", i-a isifo segciwane okuyinto kunalokho ezithinta izingane, futhi ikakhulukazi izingane Ngaphansi kweminyaka ye-5. Igciwane elibangela lesi sifo esithathelwana kakhulu lihlasela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko futhi lingabangela emahoreni ambalwa, esimweni esisodwa kwezingama-200, ukukhubazeka wokugcina. uvendle ube yimbangela enkulu yokukhubazeka emhlabeni jikelele. Leli gciwane, elibangela ukufa ku-5 kuya ku-10% wezimo zokukhubazeka, lingena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa kugcwele bese ithuthukela ku amathumbu. Angakwazi ke ukunqoba umgogodla or brainstem futhi kubangele umonakalo ongalungiseki. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi lesi sifo sihlala sikhona akunampawu noma kudala izimpawu ezithambile kuphela. Nokho, umuntu othintekile usengozini yokudlulisela lesi sifo kulabo abaseduze kwakhe ngenxa yokuthi uvendle luthathelwana lusuka komunye umuntu luye komunye.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze isifo sofuba, igciwane lomkhaya ofanayo nalabo ababangela umkhuhlane noma isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A, elingakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle komzimba womuntu. Uhlobo 2 lwe-poliovirus luye lwaba kuqedwe ngo-1999. Igciwane elivame kakhulu lohlobo loku-1 kanye negciwane lohlobo 3 liyaqhubeka nokujikeleza ngokungapheli (= ezifundeni ezithile zomhlaba). Igciwane lisakazeka endle futhi lingangena emanzini nokudla. Isikhathi se-incubation sihluka phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-9 neziyi-12.

Emazweni athuthukile, uvendle awusekho. Kodwa isabulala noma ikhubaze kwamanye amazwe. Njengamanje, isenzo somhlaba wonke se yokugoma Kwenziwa futhi, manje i-Afghanistan, iNigeria kanye nePakistan kuphela amazwe ahlala ehlala njalo (uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe angaphezu kwe-125 ngo-1988).

La yokugoma iyona kuphela, nakuba iphumelela kakhulu, indlela yokulawula uvendle, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa nangokuthi isifo se-Heine-Medin noma ukukhubazeka kwasebuntwaneni.

Abantu abanovendle bangase babe ngemva kweminyaka eminingi izimpawu ze-post-polio (SPP). Cishe ingxenye yalabo abelaphayo izothinteka. Akukho ukwelashwa okuyolapha noma kuvimbele ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, noma ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye nobulunga be-PPS. Izimbangela zalesi syndrome azikaziwa okwamanje. Nokho, abantu abanaso abatheleleki.

Ukuvama

Ngenxa yemizamo yokugoma emhlabeni wonke, amacala ovendle ehle kakhulu. Inani labo lenyuka lisuka ku-350 ngo-000, laya ku-1988 ngo-1625 kanye no-2008 kwabangu-650. Ekupheleni kweminyaka ka-2011, kwathathwa isinqumo esihloselwe ukuqeda uvendle emhlabeni. Kanjalo, iGlobal Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative (I-IMEP) wazalwa ngaphansi kobuholi bohulumeni kazwelonke, iWorld Health Organization (WHO), Rotary International, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), i-United States kanye ne-UNICEF. Izimali ezizimele, njengeBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, nazo ziye zasiza ekusekeleni lolu hlelo lokugomela zonke izingane uvendle.

Izinkinga

Amaphesenti angama-95 abantu abaphethwe uvendle akabonisi ubunzimas. Nokho, uma igciwane lifinyelela isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi, a ukukhubazeka kwemisipha, ngokukhubazeka kwezinqulu, amaqakala noma ezinyaweni, kungavela futhi kuholele ekufeni.

Ukukhubazeka okubangelwa uvendle kungaba okwesikhashana noma unomphela.

Ezinye izinkinga zingavela eminyakeni eyi-XNUMX ngemuva kokutheleleka, noma ngabe umuntu uselaphekile. Kumayelana i-syndrome post-polio.