I-Pine mountain

I-Pine mountain (Pinus mugo) emvelweni uhlala ezintabeni zaseCentral naseNingizimu Yurophu. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zemvelo ezihlukile ngobude: 

• akhule ngokugcwele - ukukhula kwawo ngonyaka kungaphezu kwama-30 cm ngonyaka kuthi lapho eseneminyaka eyi-10 afinyelele ku-3 m ukuphakama;
• usayizi ophakathi nendawo kanye ne-semidwarj - zikhula ngo-15 - 30 cm ngonyaka;
• i-dwarf (i-dwarf) - ukukhula kwabo ku-8 - 15 cm ngonyaka;
• ezincane (mini) - zikhula kuphela 3 - 8 cm ngonyaka;
• microscopic (micro) - ukukhula kwabo akudluli ku-1 - 3 cm ngonyaka.

Izinhlobonhlobo zikaphayini wezintaba

Zonke izinhlobo zikaphayini wezintaba ziyizinguquko zemvelo ezisakazwa ngokuxhunyelelwa. Zihlukene ngobude nokuma komqhele. 

Uphayinaphu (Pinus mugo var. pumilio). Lezi yizinhlobonhlobo zemvelo ezingatholakala e-Alps naseCarpathians. Lapho ikhula ngesimo sesihlahla esifinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama futhi sifinyelele ku-3 m ububanzi. Amagatsha awo anobude obuhlukene futhi aqondiswe phezulu. Izinaliti ngokuvamile zifushane. Imiqumbe ishintsha umbala isuka koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iye konsomi ngonyaka wokuqala, kodwa njengoba ikhula iba phuzi bese iba nsundu ngokumnyama.

I-Мугус (Pinus mugo var. mughus). Olunye uhlobo lwemvelo oluhlala eMpumalanga Alps naseNhlonhlweni YaseBalkan. Lesi yisihlahlana esikhulu, esifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-5. Izigaxa zawo ziphuzi ngokunsundu ekuqaleni, ziba nombala wesinamoni njengoba zivuthwa. 

I-Pug (ama-Mops). Izinhlobonhlobo ezincanyana, ezingadluli ku-1,5 m ubude nobubanzi obufanayo. Amagatsha awo mafushane, izinaliti zincane, zifinyelela ku-4,5 cm ubude. Izinaliti ziluhlaza ngokumnyama. Ikhula kancane kakhulu. Ukuqina kwebusika - kufika ku-45 ° С. 

I-Dwarf (i-Gnom). Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemvelo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo, yiqiniso, zincane ngobude, kodwa zikhulu impela - zifinyelela ku-2,5 m nobubanzi obuyi-1,5 - 2 m. Lapho isencane, ikhula ngobubanzi, kodwa bese iqala ukwelula ngobude. Izinaliti ziluhlaza ngokumnyama. Ikhula kancane. Ukuqina kwebusika - kufika ku-40 ° С.

I-Varella. Lolu hlobo lunomumo womqhele oyindilinga ngokungajwayelekile. Ikhula kancane kakhulu, lapho ineminyaka eyi-10 ayidluli ku-70 cm ubude nama-50 cm ububanzi. Amaphayini amadala afinyelela ubude obuyi-1,5 m, kanti ububanzi - 1,2 m. Izinaliti ziluhlaza ngokumnyama. Ukuqina kwebusika - kufika ku-35 ° С.

Igolide lasebusika. Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane, ezineminyaka engu-10 ubudala azidluli ku-50 cm ubude, futhi ububanzi - 1 m. Izinaliti zinombala ongajwayelekile: oluhlaza okhanyayo ehlobo, ophuzi wegolide ebusika. Ukumelana nesithwathwa - kufika ku-40 ° С.

Lezi yizinhlobo ezidume kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zikaphayini wezintaba, kepha kukhona ezinye ezingathandeki kangako:

• I-Jacobsen (Jacobsen) - ngesimo somqhele esingajwayelekile, esikhumbuza i-bonsai, ifinyelela ku-40 cm ukuphakama futhi ifike ku-70 cm ububanzi;
• Isi-Frisia (Frisia) - kufika ku-2 m ukuphakama futhi kufika ku-1,4 m ububanzi;
• I-Ofir (Ofir) - ukuguqulwa okuncane okunomqhele oyisicaba, ukuphakama okungama-30-40 cm nokufika ku-60 cm ububanzi;
• Sunshine ukuphakama - 90 cm no-1,4 m ububanzi;
• San Sebastian 24 - izinhlobonhlobo ezincane kakhulu, ezineminyaka eyi-10 azidluli ku-15 cm ubude no-25 cm ububanzi.

Ukutshala uphayini wasezintabeni 

I-Mountain pine - isitshalo esingenasizotha, esijabulisa ubuhle baso iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi sitshalwe kahle.

Into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanya okuningi. Ngakho-ke, indawo kufanele ibe lula. 

Izithombo zikaphayini wasezintabeni zithengiswa ezitsheni, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokumba umgodi omkhulu ngaphansi kwazo - ububanzi kufanele kube ngu-10 cm omkhulu kune-coma yobumba. Kodwa ngokujula kudinga ukwenziwa okwengeziwe ukuze kubekwe ungqimba lwe-drainage phansi. 

Kungenzeka ukutshala amaphayini ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe (ZKS) kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya phakathi no-Okthoba.

ukunakekelwa kukaphayini entabeni

I-Mountain pine iyisitshalo esingenasizotha, ukunakekelwa kwayo kuncane, kodwa kufanele kube njalo.

Ground

I-Mountain pine ayifuni emhlabathini, ingakhula cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinamaxhaphozi - ayiwathandi amanzi amile.

Lighting

Izinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo ze-mountain pine zithanda ukukhanya okugcwele usuku lonke. I-Pumilio, i-Mugus kanye ne-Pug pines adume kakhulu ngemvelo yawo ethanda ukukhanya - awakubekezeleli nhlobo ukuthungatha. Bonke abanye bangakwazi ukubekezelela umthunzi omncane. 

Ukunisela

Lezi zihlahla zikaphayini zibekezelela kalula isomiso, kodwa enyangeni yokuqala emva kokutshala zidinga ukuchelela okuningi - kanye ngesonto, ilitha elingu-1 esihlahleni ngasinye.

umquba

Uma utshala emgodini, awudingi umanyolo.

Ukudla

Emvelweni, amaphayini wezintaba akhula enhlabathini empofu, enamatshe, ngakho-ke ayidingi ukugqoka okuphezulu - bona ngokwabo bayakwazi ukuzitholela inani elidingekayo lezakhi.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-mountain pine 

Izinhlobo zemvelo zikaphayini wezintaba zingasakazwa ngembewu. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kufanele babhekane ne-stratification: ngenxa yalokhu baxutshwe nesihlabathi esimanzi futhi bagcinwe esiqandisini inyanga yonke. Ngemva kwalokho, ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela esikoleni ukujula 1,5 cm.

Ukuguqulwa kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kungasakazwa kuphela ngokuxhunyelelwa. Lolu hlobo alusakazeli ngokusikwa.

Izifo zikaphayini wasezintabeni

Uphayini wasezintabeni uphathwa izifo ezifanayo nezinye izinhlobo zamaphayini. 

I-pine spinner (ukudubula ukugqwala). Imbangela yalesi sifo ukhunta. Izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka zingabonakala ekupheleni kwenkathi - izinaliti ziphenduka zibe nsundu, kodwa zingabhidliki. 

Lesi ngesinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu, singabhubhisa isihlahla eminyakeni embalwa. Futhi, ngendlela, lesi sikhunta asithinti amaphayini kuphela, abanikazi bawo abaphakathi bangama-poplar nama-aspens. 

Ukwelashwa kokugqwala kuyadingeka ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala. Ukwelashwa nge-Bordeaux liquid (1%) kunikeza imiphumela emihle, kodwa kufanele kube ne-3-4 yayo: ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, bese kuthi izikhathi ezimbalwa zibe nomehluko wezinsuku ezi-5.

I-Brown Shutte (isikhunta seqhwa esinsundu). Lesi sifo sisebenza kakhulu ebusika - sikhula ngaphansi kweqhwa. Uphawu luwukumboza okumhlophe ezinalitini. 

Ukuze ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa i-Hom noma i-Rakurs (1).

Umdlavuza wokudubula (scleroderriosis). Lokhu kutheleleka kuthinta amahlumela, futhi izimpawu zokuqala zingabonakala ekugcineni kwamagatsha - ziyawa, zithole ukuma kwesambulela. Entwasahlobo, izinaliti ezitshalweni ezithintekile ziba phuzi, kodwa ngokushesha ziba nsundu. Ukusabalalisa kwenzeka ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Uma lesi sifo singelashwa, siyathuthuka futhi siholela ekufeni kwe-cortex (2). 

Amaphayini amancane, lapho ububanzi be-stem abudluli ku-1 cm, akusizi ukwelapha - azofa noma kunjalo. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zingelapheka, ngoba zisebenzisa i-Fundazol.

izinambuzane zikaphayini wasezintabeni

I-Mountain pine imelana nezinambuzane, kodwa eyodwa isatholakala.

Isihlangu sikaphayini. Lesi isivakashi esiyivelakancane samaphayini asezintabeni, sikhetha i-Scotch pine, kodwa ngenxa yendlala singahlala kulolu hlobo. Inambuzane incane, cishe 2 mm. Ivamise ukuhlala ngaphansi kwezinaliti. Izinaliti ezilimele ziba nsundu futhi ziwe. Lesi sinambuzane sesikali sinothando olukhethekile lwezihlahla ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemi-5 (3). 

Akusizi ukulwa nabantu abadala - bambozwe ngegobolondo eliqinile futhi izidakamizwa azibathathi. Kodwa kukhona izindaba ezinhle - baphila isizini eyodwa kuphela. Kodwa bashiya inzalo eningi. Futhi kukuye ukuthi udinga ukulwa kuze kube yilapho izibungu zithole igobolondo.

Ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane ezincane kwenziwa ngoJulayi nge-Actellik.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Saxoxa ngentaba kaphayini isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova.

Imithombo ye

1. Ikhathalogi yezwe yezibulala-zinambuzane kanye namakhemikhali e-agrochemicals avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni ye-Federation kusukela ngoJulayi 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation

   https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/

2. U-Zhukov AM, u-Gninenko Yu.I., u-Zhukov PD Izifo eziyingozi ezifundwe kancane zezihlahla zikagwayi emahlathini Ezwe Lethu: ed. 2, rev. kanye nokunye // Pushkino: VNIILM, 2013. - 128 p.
3. Grey GA Pine isinambuzane esikalini - ucaspis pusilla Low, 1883 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) esifundeni Volgograd // Ucwaningo lwe-Entomological kanye ne-parasitological esifundeni saseVolga, 2017

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/schitovka-sosnovaya-ucaspis-pusilla-low-1883-homoptera-diaspididae-v-volgogradskoy-oblasti