I-phlebotomy ukusika okwenziwe emithanjeni ukuze kuqoqwe igazi. Yilokhu okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-bloodletting”, umkhuba ovamile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke wokunikela ngegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. 

I-Phlebotomy ibhekisela ekusebenzeni kokukhipha igazi esigulini.

"Phlebo" = umthambo; "Thatha"= ingxenye.

Ukuhlola okwaziwa yibo bonke

Cishe wonke umuntu uke waba nesampula yegazi ngaphambilini: ukuze anikele ngegazi noma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile nokuhlolwa kwegazi. I-Phlebotomy ifana nalokhu, ngaphandle kokuthi igazi lithathwa izikhathi eziningana futhi ngamanani amakhulu.

I-"boodletting" yomlando

Lo mkhuba wake waziwa ngele-"bloodletting" edume kabi. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi, phakathi kwekhulu le-XI ne-XVII, ukuthi "amahlaya", izifo (eyodwa enganaki ubukhona bama-microbes), aqukethwe egazini. Ngakho-ke ingqondo yangaleso sikhathi kwakuwukukhipha igazi ukuze kukhululeke isiguli. Lo mbono wabonakala ucekela phansi kuzo zonke izici: awuzange ube yize kuphela ngaphandle kwezifo ezingavamile (ezicashunwe lapha) kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho wanciphisa isiguli futhi wamenza waba sengozini yokungenwa izifo (imimese esetshenzisiwe ayizange inzalwe).

Ukulungiselela i-phlebotomy

Akusadingeki ukuthi uzincishe ngaphambi kwesampula yegazi, nokuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kungcono ukuba sesimweni esihle. 

Kutuswa isimo sokuphumula ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (ukugwema ukuqhuma kwegazi!)

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo phlebotomy

Ukuhlinzwa kudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngosuku uma kwenzeka amasampula amaningana alandelanayo.

• Siqala ngawo lawula umfutho wegazi yesiguli. Kumele iqine ngokwanele, ingaqini kakhulu, ukuze ukuhlinzwa kwenzeke ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle.
• Isiguli sifakwe ehlezi, umhlane wakhe uncike ngemuva kwesihlalo sokuzivikela. Ngemva kokufaka i-tourniquet, ingalo yesiguli itshekele phansi ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale umthambo omkhulu ngokwanele ukuba ungawuhlaba ngenaliti. Udokotela noma unesi ube esegcoba isithako esibulala amagciwane, bese ethula inaliti exhunywe esikhwameni sokuqoqa kanye nebhodlela esebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-catheter. 
• I-phlebotomy ihlala ngokwesilinganiso 15 kumaminithi we-20.
• Kube sekufakwa ibhandishi endaweni ebhotshozwe ngenaliti, egcinwa amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu.

Izingozi zokusebenza

Isiguli singase sibe nokusabela okuhlukahlukene ngesikhathi se-phlebotomy, ubukhali bayo obuncike esimweni somzimba somuntu. Ngakho umuntu angabona izimpawu ze izithukuthuku, ukukhathala, isimo se ukungakhululeki, we isiyezi, noma ukulahlekelwa kokwazi. 

Le Context kungase futhi kube buhlungu uma i-tourniquet iqinile kakhulu.

Uma bengazizwa kahle, isiguli sizolala phansi futhi sigadwe imizuzu embalwa ukuze silawule ukusabela kwaso. 

Ukopha kuyaphazamiseka uma isiguli singaphilile.

Ithiphu

Ukuze ugweme ukungahambi kahle, kungcono ukuvuka kancane kancane futhi ugweme ukunyakaza kwekhanda ngokweqile, uhlale uzolile, futhi ungabheki isikhwama segazi uma usaba.

Ukunciphisa i-iron egazini, esimweni se-hemochromatosis

I-Hemochromatosis kuwukunqwabelana kwensimbi ngokweqile emzimbeni. Ingase ibulale, kodwa ngenhlanhla iyelapheka. Lesi simo singathinta wonke umzimba: insimbi eningi ezicutshini, izitho zomzimba (ubuchopho, isibindi, amanyikwe ngisho nenhliziyo). Ngokuvamile ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, kungathatha ukubonakala kwe-cirrhosis noma ukukhathala okukhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwenza isikhumba sibonakale sishukiwe.

Lesi sifo sithinta ikakhulukazi abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, ikakhulukazi abesifazane ngemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Eqinisweni, izikhathi nokulahlekelwa kwazo kwegazi kwanyanga zonke kuyi-phlebotomies engokwemvelo, isivikelo esinyamalalayo phakathi nokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.

I-Phlebotomy, ngokukhipha igazi futhi ngenxa yalokho i-iron emzimbeni, ikhulula izilonda ezikhona kodwa ayizilungisi. Ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuyoba okokuphila konke.

Indlela yokwenza iwukuba kuthathwe isampula elilodwa noma amabili ngesonto, lika-500ml wegazi eliphezulu, kuze kube yilapho izinga lensimbi egazini (ferritin) lehla liye ezingeni elivamile elingaphansi kwama-50 μg / L.

Yehlisa ukweqisa kwamaseli abomvu egazi: i-polycythemia ebalulekile

La i-polycythemia ebalulekile kuwukweqile kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi emnkantsheni, lapho kwakhiwa khona ama-platelet egazi.

Yelashwa ngamasampula angama-400ml njalo ngosuku, kuze kube yilapho i-hematocrit (ingxenye yamangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazini) yehlela ezingeni layo elivamile.

Kodwa-ke, ukopha kugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwamaplatelet egazi amasha, ngakho-ke senza i-phlebotomy ehambisana nokuthatha izidakamizwa ezikwazi ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwazo, njenge-hydroxyurea.

Njengoba nje ngemva kokunikela ngegazi, kuthatha isikhashana ukuthi umzimba wakhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ama-platelet noketshezi lwegazi futhi. Lesi yisikhathi eside lapho umzimba ungenzi lutho: igazi alithuthwa ngokushesha njengokujwayelekile liyiswe ezithweni.

Ngakho-ke kufanele nciphisa imisebenzi yayo. Imisebenzi yomzimba kuzodingeka ilinde, ngaphandle kwalokho uzophelelwa umoya ngokushesha.

Kubuye Kunconywa ukuba phuza amanzi amaningi kunokuvamile ukuze ubuyisele amanzi alahlekile umzimba.