I-Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides) isithombe nencazelo

Amanita phalloides

• Fly i-agaric eluhlaza
• Fly agaric white

Emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi, i-Pale grebe ithole igama elidumile elithi "death cap" - "death cap", "death cap".

Izinhlamvu ezichazayo zalolu hlobo zihlanganisa:

• Ivolva emhlophe emise okwesikhwama ezungeze isisekelo somlenze
• ring
• amapuleti amhlophe
• i-white imprint ye-spore powder
• ukungabi nama-grooves esigqokweni

Ikepisi lePale Grebe livamise ukuba nemibala eluhlaza okotshani noma ensundu ngokunsundu, nakuba umbala ungewona umbandela othembekile wokuhlonza lesi sikhunta, njengoba sishintshashintsha kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi amabala amhlophe ahlala esigqokweni, izinsalela zesihenqo esivamile.

ikhanda: 4-16 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni cishe iyindilinga noma i-oval. Ngokukhula, iba yi-convex, bese iba yi-convex ngobubanzi, i-flat-convex, ukuze isicaba kumakhowe amadala kakhulu. Isikhumba sekepisi siyashelela, sinempandla, siyanamathela esimweni sezulu esimanzi futhi siyacwebezela esimweni sezulu esomile. Umbala uhluka ukusuka koluhlaza okufiphele kuye kumnqumo, ophuzi ukuya konsuqu (amafomu amhlophe “albino” angajwayelekile akhula abe namakepisi anemibala). Kuma-specimens anombala oluhlaza kanye nomnqumo, kuvela imicu yeradial emnyama ebonakalayo ngokusobala, kuma-grebes anombala okhanyayo le micu ayicacisi kahle, kwezinombala onsundu kungaba nzima ukuyibona. Ezigqokweni ezincane kungase kube nama-white shreds, "warts", izinsalela zesihenqo lapho umbungu wesikhunta ukhula khona, ngokufanayo ne-red fly agaric eyaziwa kakhulu. Kodwa ku-grebe ephaphathekile, lezi “zinsumpa” ngokuvamile ziyanyamalala ngokukhula: ziyawa noma zikhukhulwe yizimvula.

amapuleti: mahhala noma cishe mahhala. Emhlophe (ngezinye izikhathi inombala oluhlaza kancane). Kaningi, ububanzi.

LegUkuphakama: 5-18 cm ukuphakama no-1-2,5 cm ubukhulu. I-Cylindrical, emaphakathi. Ngokulinganayo noma ngaphansi ngokulinganayo, ngokuvamile ihambela phezulu futhi inweba ibe yisisekelo esijiyile. Impandla noma i-pubescent kahle. Okumhlophe noma nge-shades yombala wesigqoko, kungambozwa ngephethini elihle le-moire. Esigabeni esime mpo, isiqu sibukeka siminyene noma ngezinye izikhathi singenalutho ngokwengxenye, sinembobo encane emaphakathi, enezinto zokugxusha ezihlanganisa imicu ebheke ngobude, enemigudu yezibungu ehambisana nombala wenyama.

ring: emhlophe, enkulu, eqinile, ewa kancane, efana nesiketi se-ballerina. Phezulu ngemivimbo emincane ye-radial, indawo engezansi izwakale kancane. Iringi ivamise ukuhlala esiqwini isikhathi eside, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi iyalahleka.

Volvo: okumise okwesikhwama, okumhlophe, okumise okwenkomishi, kukhululekile, kuhlanganisa isisekelo esijiyile somlenze. Ngokuvamile isisekelo sesiqu kanye neVolvo ziphansi kakhulu, ezingeni eliphansi, futhi zingafihlwa ngokuphelele ngamahlamvu.

Umtfumbu: imhlophe yonke, ayishintshi umbala uma iphukile, isikiwe noma ilimele.

iphunga: kumakhowe amancane, amakhowe amancane, amnandi. Okudala kuchazwa njengokungajabulisi, okumnandi.

Taste: ngokusho kwezincwadi, ukunambitheka kwe-toadstool ephaphathekile ephekiwe kuhle ngokungavamile. I-flavour yekhowe eluhlaza ichazwa ngokuthi "i-soft, mushroomy". Ngenxa yobuthi obudlulele be-grebe ephaphathekile, abekho abaningi abafuna ukuzama amakhowe, njengoba uqonda. Futhi sincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi ugweme ukunambitha okunjalo.

i-spore powder: Mhlophe.

Impikiswano 7-12 x 6-9 microns, bushelelezi, bushelelezi, ellipsoid, amyloid.

I-Basidia 4-spored, ngaphandle kwama-clamps.

I-grebe ephaphathekile ibonakala yenza i-mycorrhiza enezihlahla eziphukayo. Okokuqala, kuboniswa i-oki, i-linden, i-birch, kancane kancane - i-maple, i-hazel.

Ikhula emahlathini anamahlamvu abanzi futhi aluhlaza, axutshwe namahlathi. Ithanda izindawo ezikhanyayo, izindawo ezicacile ezincane.

I-Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary, i-Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary kanye ne-Encyclopedia yesikhi samakhowe kubonisa kokubili indawo yokukhula kanye namahlathi e-coniferous.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya maphakathi nekwindla, ngoJuni - Okthoba.

Kusatshalaliswe maphakathi nezwe Lethu nakwamanye amazwe anesimo sezulu sezwekazi: Belarus, our country, etholakala emazweni aseYurophu.

I-North American Pale Grebe iyafana ne-European Amanita phalloides yakudala, yethulwa ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika e-California kanye nendawo yaseNew Jersey futhi manje ikhulisa ngenkuthalo ububanzi bayo oGwini oluseNtshonalanga kanye nase-Mid-Atlantic.

Ikhowe linobuthi obubulalayo.

Ngisho nomthamo omncane kakhulu ungabulala.

Akukabikho idatha enokwethenjelwa yokuthi yisiphi isithako esithathwa ngokuthi "sesibulala kakade". Kukhona izinguqulo ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, eminye imithombo ikhombisa ukuthi i-1 g yekhowe eluhlaza nge-1 kg yesisindo esiphilayo yanele ubuthi obubulalayo. Umbhali wale nothi ukholelwa ukuthi le datha inethemba elikhulu.

Iqiniso liwukuthi i-Pale grebe ayiqukethe eyodwa, kodwa ubuthi abambalwa. Ubuthi obuhlukanisiwe ne-pulp ye-fungus yi-polypeptides. Amaqembu amathathu obuthi ahlonziwe: ama-amatoxins (amanitin α, β, γ), i-phalloidins ne-phallolysins.

Ama-atoxins abangela ukulimala kwezitho. Umthamo obulalayo we-atoxin ngu-0,1–0,3 mg/kg wesisindo somzimba; ukusetshenziswa kwekhowe elilodwa kungabulala (40 g wamakhowe aqukethe 5-15 mg we-amanitin α).

Ama-phallotoxins empeleni angama-alkaloid, atholakala kuphela emlenzeni we-grebe ephaphathekile kanye ne-fly fly agaric. Lobu buthi bubangela ukuwohloka okusebenzayo nokwesakhiwo kwe-mucosa yesisu namathumbu emahoreni angama-6-8, okusheshisa kakhulu ukumuncwa kwama-atoxin.

Ubuqili be-Pale grebe ukuthi izimpawu zobuthi azibonakali ngokushesha, kodwa ngemva kuka-6-12, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amahora angu-30-40 ngemva kokudla amakhowe, lapho ubuthi sebuvele buhlasele isibindi, izinso nakho konke. izitho zangaphakathi.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-Pale Toadstool poisoning zivela lapho ushevu ungena ebuchosheni:

• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza okungapheli
• ubuhlungu obungazelelwe esiswini
• ebuthakathakeni
• Ukudlikizela
• bekhanda
• umbono ongenalutho
• kamuva kwenezelwa isifo sohudo, ngokuvamile ngegazi

Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, ngokushesha Shayela ucingo i-ambulensi.

I-Pale grebe iyikhowe elibonakala kalula kumkhethi wamakhowe oqaphile. Kodwa kunamaphuzu amaningi lapho amaphutha abulalayo angenzeka khona:

• amakhowe mancane kakhulu, "achanyuselwa" nje eqandeni, isiqu sifushane, indandatho ayibonakali nhlobo: kulokhu, i-Pale grebe ingaba nephutha kwezinye izinhlobo zokuntanta.
• amakhowe madala kakhulu, indandatho iwile, kulokhu, i-Pale grebe nayo ingaphutha kwezinye izinhlobo zokuntanta.
• amakhowe madala kakhulu, indandatho iwile, futhi iVolvo ifihliwe emaqabunga, lapho i-Pale grebe ingaphambanisa nezinye izinhlobo ze-russula noma imigqa.
• amakhowe akhula ahlanganiswe nezinhlobo ezidliwayo ezaziwa umkhiphi wamakhowe, amakhowe antantayo afanayo, ama-russula noma ama-champignon, kulokhu, ekushiseni kwesivuno, ungalahlekelwa ukuqaphela kwakho.
• amakhowe asikwe ngommese kakhulu, ngaphansi kwesigqoko kakhulu

Amathiphu alula kakhulu:

• hlola ukhunta ngalunye okungenzeka lubukeke njengegrebe eliphaphathekile kuzo zonke izimpawu zesici
• ungalokothi ucoshe umuntu osikiwe walahla amakepisi amakhowe anamapuleti amhlophe
• lapho inqwaba iqoqa i-russula eluhlaza, ukuntanta okulula nama-champignon amancane, hlola ngokucophelela ikhowe ngalinye
• uma ucoshe ikhowe “elisolisayo” futhi okusolakala ukuthi li-Pale grebe kulo, geza izandla zakho kahle ehlathini

Uma i-Pale Grebe ikhula eduze kakhulu namanye amakhowe adliwayo, kungenzeka yini ukuqoqa futhi udle lawa makhowe?

Wonke umuntu uzinqumela lo mbuzo. Yilolo hlobo lwe-agaric yoju engingeke ngiluthathe.

Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi ku-Pale Grebe, akuyona nje inyama enobuthi, kodwa nezinhlamvu?

Yebo kuyiqiniso. Kukholelwa ukuthi kokubili izinhlamvu kanye ne-mycelium zinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, uma unezibonelo ze-grebe ephaphathekile kubhasikidi wakho kanye namanye amakhowe, cabanga: ingabe kufanelekile ukuzama ukugeza amakhowe? Mhlawumbe kuphephe kakhudlwana ukuvele uzilahle?

Ividiyo mayelana ne-mushroom Pale grebe:

Izithombe ezivela emibuzweni ekuqashelweni zisetshenziswa esihlokweni nakugalari ye-athikili.