Inhlupho yi-zoonosis ebangelwa amagciwane Yersinia pestis, evame ukudluliselwa kusuka kumagundane kuya kubantu ngamazeze, kodwa futhi phakathi kwabantu ngomzila wokuphefumula. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanelekile nokushesha kwama-antibiotic, inkambo yayo iyabulala ku-30% kuya ku-60% wamacala (1).

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi “ukufa okumnyama” okwaqeda iYurophu ngekhulu lama-1920 kusadlangile ezindaweni ezithile zomhlaba! EFrance, izigameko zokugcina zesifo zabhalwa ngo-1945 eParis futhi kwabangu-50 eCorsica. Kepha emhlabeni jikelele, zingaphezu kuka-000 izehlakalo ezibikwe ku-WHO emazweni angama-26 kusukela nge-2s yokuqala (XNUMX).

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuqubuka kwezifo eziningana kuqoshwe yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, China, Peru naseMadagascar. Lesi sakamuva yizwe eliwumqedazwe omkhulu, abantu abambalwa ababulewe yilesi sifo ngo-2014/2015 (3).

Uhlupho luveza izinhlobo ezimbalwa zomtholampilo (i-septicaemic, hemorrhagic, gastrointestinal, njll., ngisho namafomu athambile), kodwa ezimbili ziningi kakhulu kubantu:

Isifo se-bubonic esivame kakhulu. Kumenyezelwa ngokuqala ngokuzumayo kwemfiva ephezulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuhlaselwa okujulile kwesimo esijwayelekile kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuqaphela. Kubonakala ngokuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes, ngokuvamile entanyeni, emakhwapheni kanye ne-groin (buboes).

Isifo samaphaphu, esibulala kakhulu. Ukukhwehlela kwe-mucopurulent ngegazi kanye nobuhlungu besifuba kunezelwa ezimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo se-bubonic.

I-ejenti yesifo i-Gram-negative bacillus, Yersinia pestis. I-Yersinia iwuhlobo lwamabhaktheriya omndeni wakwa-Enterobacteriaceae, ohlanganisa izinhlobo eziyishumi nesikhombisa, ezintathu zazo eziyi-pathogenic kubantu: izinambuzane, i-enterocolitis et i-pseudotuberculosis. Amagundane yiwona oyinhloko, kodwa hhayi kuphela, indawo yokugcina lesi sifo.

Isifo sihlasela izilwane ezincane kanye namazeze azibulalayo. Ithathelwana isuka ezilwaneni iye kubantu ngokulunywa amazeze angenwe yileli gciwane, ngokuthintana ngqo, ngokuhogela umoya nangokungenisa izinto ezithathelwanayo.

• Abantu abalunywe izeze elinegciwane ngokuvamile baba nokwakheka kwe-bubonic.
• Uma i-bacillus Yersinia pestis ifika emaphashini, umuntu uba nesifo samaphaphu esingadluliselwa kwabanye abantu ngomzila wokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela.

Ezindaweni ezihlala njalo, qaphela ukulunywa yizintwala futhi ugweme amagundane nezidumbu zezilwane.

Uma kutholakala ngesikhathi, isifo se-bubonic singelashwa ngempumelelo ngama-antibiotics: i-streptomycin, i-chloramphenicol kanye ne-tetracyclines ama-antibiotic ayinkomba anconywe i-Institut Pasteur.

I-Chemoprophylaxis (ebizwa nangokuthi "i-chemoprevention"), ehlanganisa ukuphatha i-tetracyclines noma i-sulfonamides, esimweni sesifo, iyasebenza ekuvikeleni indawo eseduze yezifundo ezithintekile, iphinde ichaze i-Institut Pasteur.

Imithi yokugoma eminingana iye yenziwa esikhathini esidlule, kodwa manje isigcinelwe izisebenzi zaselabhorethri, ngoba ibonakale ingasebenzi ekulawuleni izifo eziwumshayabhuqe.