Okuqukethwe
Ovini banamuhla benze ukubhaka kube yindlela ethembeke kunazo zonke yokulungiselela isidlo esimnandi esiqinisekisiwe ngobunzima obuncane. Ngimane ngafaka inhlanzi, imifino noma inyama kuhhavini osuke usushisa kakade, “ngikhohliwe” ngakho isikhathi esiyimizuzu eyi-10 kuya emahoreni amaningana - futhi i-voila, unedina ephelele isilungele ngaphandle kokunyakaza komzimba okwengeziwe. Uma uvula ngokungahleliwe noma iyiphi iresiphi ebandakanya ukubhaka kuhhavini, kungenzeka ikhombise izinga lokushisa ebangeni lama-degree angama-180 kuye kwangama-220, noma nangaphezulu. Le ndlela inezinzuzo zombili nezinkinga ezimbalwa.
Ubuhle nobubi bokubhaka kuhhavini
Isici esivelele sokubhaka kuhhavini (ake sikubize ngokwendabuko) yizinga lokushisa elisetshenzisiwe, eliphakeme kakhulu kunezinga lokushisa lokupheka lomkhiqizo, esilwela ukukwenza. Akukhathalekile ukuthi ufuna ukuthola inyama yenkomo eyosiwe eyiMedium Rare (okushisa okuphekiwe - ama-degree angama-55) noma ngaphezulu esonweni, uncamela ukuyithosa inyama ngokuphelele (izinga lokushisa lokulungela ngama-degree angama-70): eyodwa naleyo enye imiphumela ikude ngokulinganayo nobubanzi bamadigri ayi-180-220. Ukukubeka ngokomfanekiso, sisebenzisa umshini wokubacindezela ukubamba isando esitebhini esincane. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ukubhaka ezingeni lokushisa okuphezulu kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa, okuyizona okuyinhloko:
- Isikhathi… Isixhumanisi esixhumanisa umthombo wokushisa nemikhiqizo efakwa kuhhavini siwumoya, futhi njengoba wazi (noma ungazi) esifundweni se-physics yesikole, umoya unokuguquguquka okushisayo okuphansi kakhulu namandla okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iyazifudumeza iyodwa kancane kancane bese ishisa kancane lokho ehlangana nayo. Yingakho singakwazi ukuphefumula emanzini ekushiseni okungaba ngu-100 degrees, futhi inyama yenkomo egazingiwe, ekhishwa kuhhavini, ihlala inamanzi futhi ibomvana ekusikeni. Kodwa-ke, ngendlela efanayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi sidinga ukusetha izinga lokushisa kahle ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elifunayo, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka silinde iminyaka.
- Lula… Ibukeka kanjani inyama yenkomo eyosiwe enomlomo, ngoba ngiyithathile njengesibonelo? Yebo, ngaphakathi kunamanzi futhi kupinki - kepha ingaphezulu lawo kufanele libe luhle, lithosiwe, lihehe. Le fry ingumphumela oqondile wokuphendula kukaMaillard, lapho, lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela kuma-degree angama-120 nangaphezulu, kwenzeka i-caramelization yoshukela. Ngokuwosa inyama ezingeni lokushisa okuphezulu, sakha izimo ezifanele zale mpendulo, ekuvumela ukuthi ukwenze ngaphandle kokuthosa okwengeziwe: konke kwenzeka ngqo kuhhavini, ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe engxenyeni yakho.
- Ukuqapha… Igama elithi “ukhohliwe” esigabeni sokuqala salesi sihloko, ngilibeka kumamaki wokucaphuna ngesizathu: ngeke ukwazi ukukhohlwa ngenkukhu noma inhlanzi ebhakwa kuhhavini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, njengoba uphuthelwe yingxenye yehora, uzibeka engcupheni yokuthola isidlo esingadliwayo, noma ngisho nephepha lokubhaka eligcwele ngokuphelele lamalahle. Okucasula kakhulu, le nqubo ayikwazi ukuhlehliswa, ukugcwaliswa, njengoba bekuculwa engomeni yakudala, akunakubuyiselwa emuva.
- Umhwamuko… Ukupheka ngaphezu kwama-degree ayi-100 kunomunye umphumela, futhi wazi kahle ukuthi ngikhuluma ngani, noma ngabe ubengenayo i-A ku-physics. Kuleli zinga lokushisa, amanzi ayahwamuka, futhi uma sikhuluma ngamanzi aqukethwe kumkhiqizo uqobo, azoma ngenxa yalokho. Kulula kakhulu ukomisa ucezu lwenyama noma inhlanzi, amadada kanye nezikhunta ngosizo lwesembozo - kodwa ngqo lokho ezikusizayo, futhi ungayisusi ngokuphelele inkinga.
- Umehluko wethempelesha… Isekhona, futhi amandla okushisa ane-conductivity eshisayo awalikhanseli leli qiniso. Ngenkathi sisebenzisa i-thermometer yenyama ukukala izinga lokushisa maphakathi nenyama yethu yenkomo eyosiwe, izingqimba zayo zangaphandle zichayeka ekushiseni okukhulu kakhulu futhi zomile ngokushesha. Enkomeni eyosiwe ephekwe kahle, lolu ungqimba lwenyama eyome kakhulu luyoba mncane futhi ngeke lusivimbele ekudleni ucezu lwethu ngenjabulo, kepha uma uphuthelwa okuncane - futhi kuphele lapho, cisha isibani.
Konke lokhu okubi kungahlanganiswa kube munye - “Uma unganakekeli okuphekwe kuhhavini, ungakonakalisa ukudla” - futhi-ke, izinzuzo zokubhaka kwendabuko ezimweni eziningi zikwedlula. Kepha kukhona nethuba lokuhamba ngenye indlela - ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa nokwandisa isikhathi sokupheka. Izindlela zokupheka eziningana zilandela lesi simiso.
Ukupheka okushisa okuphansi
Ukupheka okushisa okuphansi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zawo kuvame ukusebenza ngamazinga okushisa asukela ku-50 (okuphansi akusabhakwa, kepha ukufudumeza okukhanyayo) kuye kuma-degree ayi-100, okungukuthi, hhayi ngaphezulu kwephuzu lokubilisa (futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu kithi, kuyasebenza ukuhwamuka) kwamanzi. Cishe uyazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokubhaka okushisa okuphansi:
Ukubilisa nokubhaka
Ukupheka ukudla kuketshezi kukuvumela ukuthi ungakhathazeki kakhulu ngokukumisa: ngalokhu, uketshezi obilisayo noma okuphekwayo kufanele kuqale kome noma, ngokunembile, kuqhume, futhi lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukulandela kunokulinganisa okuqukethwe umswakama ucezu lwenyama.
Ukupheka kwamanzi okugeza
Imikhiqizo (imvamisa ewuketshezi noma okungenani i-viscous) idluliselwa esitsheni, esifakwa kwesinye isitsha esigcwele amanzi. Akumele ukhathazeke ngokushisa ngokweqile - amanzi azungeze isitsha ngokudla macala onke ngeke awavumele ashise ngaphezu kwamadigri ayi-100 aze ahwamuke ngokuphelele. Yile ndlela ama-dessert nama-pates alungiswa ngayo, futhi ungafunda mayelana nokugeza kwamanzi kuyo yonke imininingwane lapha.
Ukupheka umusi
Imikhiqizo ibekwe phezu kwamanzi abilayo futhi imbozwe ngesivalo esingakhiphi isitimu, esiphoqa ukuthi sijikeleze ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhiqizo iphekwe ekushiseni okungaba ngu-100 degrees, ungashisi futhi ungalahlekelwa ama-flavour compounds aqukethwe kuwo, okuthi, ngesikhathi sokupheka okuvamile, angene emanzini. Ngibhale kabanzi mayelana nokushushuluza lapha.
I-Su-vid
Imikhiqizo ifakwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki, ifakwe emanzini, izinga lokushisa elilawulwa ngokunemba kwezingxenyana ze-degree, futhi iphekwe ngale ndlela amahora ambalwa, noma ngisho nezinsuku. Ngenxa yalokho, isidlo sithola ukugazingwa okufanayo kulo lonke ugqinsi lwaso, sigcina ukunambitheka kwaso futhi sihlala sinamanzi ngendlela emangalisayo. Yiqiniso, indlela ye-sous-vide ayikwazi ukuchazwa ngamafuphi, ngakho-ke ngemininingwane ngincoma ukubhekisela kusihloko sami I-Sous-vide Technology: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele.
Ukushisa okushisa okuphansi
Njengoba angibhalanga i-athikili ehlukile ngokubhaka okushisa okuphansi, ngokungafani nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kokushisa okushisa okuphansi, sizohlala kukho ngemininingwane ethe xaxa. Ukubhaka okushisa okuphansi kufana nokubhaka okufanayo kuhhavini njengoba sazi, kepha ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu, ebangeni elifanayo lama-50-100 degrees.
Kungabonakala sengathi le ndlela isanda kusungulwa, lapho abapheki beqala ukuphambuka kuzindlela zokupheka ezinamashumi eminyaka futhi bengesabi ukuzama, kepha empeleni, ukubhaka okushisa okuphansi kunesiko elide. Ezinsukwini zakudala, lapho konke ukudla kwakuphekwa kuhhavini owodwa, kwakuncibilika kahle. bese kuthi, njengoba zipholile, zisetshenziselwe ukulungisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene.
Ekuqaleni, ngaphansi kwamakhothamo ashisayo, babhaka okuthile okudinga ukushisa okuphezulu, kepha bapheka ngokushesha okwanele - isinkwa, amakhekhe ayisicaba nokunye. Kwabe sekufika ukuphenduka kwesobho nezitsha, ezaziphekwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi kancane, kepha zisephezulu impela.
Futhi ekugcineni, lapho kuhhavini kungasashisi kangako, izingcezu ezinzima zenyama zathunyelwa kuwo, ezadonsa amahora amaningi ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, ukuthambisa nokuthola ukunambitheka. Namuhla, kubhakwa ubushushu obuphansi kusetshenziselwa cishe izinhloso ezifanayo: ukubhaka okuhamba kancane ekushiseni okuphansi kusiza ukuthambisa ukusikeka okunzima, ukuguqulwa kwezicubu ezixhunyanisiwe zibe yi-gelatin, kanye nokushisa okuphansi kusiza inyama enjalo ukugcina amajusi amaningi, ngoba ayinothile kuyo noma kunjalo. Noma kunjalo, ukubhaka okushisa okuphansi kunezinkinga zako - ngakho-ke, inyama isoma, ngoba ukuhwamuka komswakama kunjalo noma kungenjalo kwenzeka ngokwemvelo.
Ukuze wehlise ijubane le nqubo, inyama ingafakwa kwisikhunta kufakwe amanzi amancane (noma engeziwe, kuya ngokuthi inyama esiphekwayo inamanzi angakanani) futhi imbozwe ngocwecwe. Okunye okungahambi kahle ukuthi inyama ephekwe ngale ndlela ayinayo nhlobo uqweqwe. Ngalesi sizathu, kuvame ukulethwa ekushiseni okuphezulu noma okuthosiwe - ekuqaleni noma ekugcineni, ngaphambi kokuphaka. Kodwa-ke, kulabo okuthosiwe okuphikisanayo nabo, lokhu kubuyela emuva kungaba yinzuzo, kunikeze ithuba lokunambitha inyama emnandi ebhakwe kuhhavini.
Izinga Lokushisa Eliphansi Bhaka Ungadliwa
Ngokuyinhloko, ungabhaka noma iyiphi ingxenye yenyama ngale ndlela - yehlisa nje izinga lokushisa futhi wandise isikhathi sokupheka. Imifino nezinhlanzi kungabuye kubhakwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kepha lokhu akunangqondo, ngeke kuzuze ngempela kule ndlela. Ukukunikeza umbono wendlela, nazi izindlela zokupheka ezenziwe ngomumo. Ezinye zazo zisebenzisa amazinga okushisa aphakeme kancane kuneziqu ezingama-100, ngakho-ke ngokombono osemthethweni, lokhu akuyona ukubhaka okushisa okuphansi, kepha kukhona okuphakathi, kepha futhi kungaphekwa kusetshenziswa le ndlela.
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