Ama-ovarian follicles yizakhiwo ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwama-ovari futhi zibandakanyeka ekuphumeni kwamaqanda.

Isikhundla. Ama-ovarian follicles atholakala endaweni ye-cortical yama-ovari. Amabili ngenani, ama-ovari noma ama-gonads wesifazane yizindlala ezitholakala ku-pelvis encane, ngemuva kwesibeletho1. Aphinde ahlangane namashubhu e-fallopian, amaphethelo awo azungeze ukuze akhe inkundla. I-ovoid in shape futhi i-3 kuya ku-4 cm ubude, ama-ovari aqukethe izingxenye ezi-2:

• Emaphethelweni we-ovary kukhona indawo ye-cortical, lapho kutholakala khona izintambo ze-ovari;
• Enkabeni ye-ovary kunendawo yomgogodla, eyakhiwe izicubu ezixhumene nemithambo yegazi.

Ukwakheka. I-ovarian follicle ngayinye iqukethe i-oocyte, ezoba i-ovum. Ukwakheka kwama-ovarian follicle kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sokuvuthwa (2) (3):

1. I-Primordial follicle: Ichaza i-ovarian follicle ukuvuthwa kwayo kungakaqali. Lolu hlobo lwe-follicle luhambisana nalolo olutholakala ikakhulukazi endaweni ye-cortical.
2. I-follicle eyinhloko: Ihambisana nesigaba sokuqala sokuvuthwa kwe-follicle lapho i-oocyte namaseli ayizungezile akhula.
3. I-follicle yesibili: Kulesi sigaba, izingqimba eziningana ze-epithelium zakha ezizungeze i-oocyte. Eyokugcina nayo iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Amaseli e-follicular abe esethatha igama lamaseli ayimbudumbudu.
4. I-follicle yesibili evuthiwe: Ungqimba lwamaseli lukhula luzungeze i-follicle, lwakha i-follicular theca. Kulesi sigaba, i-oocyte ikhiqiza into eyenza ulwelwesi oluwugqinsi, i-zona pellucida. Uketshezi olukhanyayo futhi luqoqa phakathi kwamaseli ayimbudumbudu.
5. I-ovarian follicle ekhulile noma i-follicle ka-De Graaf: Uketshezi olunqwabelana phakathi kwamangqamuzana ayimbudumbudu aqoqana ndawonye futhi akhe umgodi, i-follicular antrum. Njengoba iqhubeka nokugcwala uketshezi, umgodi uyakhula ukuze ekugcineni uhlukanise i-oocyte ezungezwe i-capsule yamaseli, ebizwa ngokuthi i-corona radiata. Lapho i-follicle ifinyelela ubukhulu bayo obukhulu, ilungele ukuvuthwa.
6. I-Corpus luteum: Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, i-oocyte iyaxoshwa ngenkathi i-follicle iwa. Amaseli ayimbudumbudu ayanda ukuze agcwalise isikhala esishiywe i-oocyte. La mangqamuzana ashintsha abe amangqamuzana e-luteal, okuholela ku-follicle ebizwa ngokuthi i-corpus luteum. Lesi sakamuva sinomsebenzi we-endocrine ngokuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-progesterone, ihomoni ehilelekile esimweni sokuvundiswa kweqanda.
7. Umzimba omhlophe: Lesi sigaba sokugcina sihambisana nokuwohloka okuphelele kwe-follicle.

Ukugcina isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-28, umjikelezo we-ovarian ubhekisela kuzo zonke izimo ezivumela ukuvuthwa kweqanda ngaphakathi kwe-ovary. Lezi zimo zilawulwa yizinqubo ezahlukahlukene zehomoni futhi zehlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili (2) (3):

• Isigaba esilandelayo. Kwenzeka kusukela ngosuku loku-1 kuya ku-14 lomjikelezo we-ovarian futhi uphela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, ama-follicle ambalwa okuqala e-ovarian aqala ukuvuthwa. Iyodwa kuphela kulawa ma-ovarian follicles afinyelela esigabeni se-De Graaf follicle futhi ahambisana ne-follicle ebhekene nokuxoshwa kwe-oocyte ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
• Isigaba seLuteal. Kwenzeka kusukela ku-14 kuya ku-28th yomjikelezo futhi ihambisana nokuwohloka kwe-follicle. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-ovarian follicles aguquka abe yimizimba ephuzi bese kuba mhlophe.

Umdlavuza we-Ovarian. Izimila ezimbi (ezinomdlavuza) noma eziyingozi (ezingezona umdlavuza) zingavela ku-ovary, lapho kutholakala khona ama-ovarian follicles (4). Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukungakhululeki kwe-pelvic, izinkinga zokuya esikhathini noma ubuhlungu.

I-Ovarian cyst. Ihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwephaketheni ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi kwe-ovary. Ukwakheka kwe-cyst ovarian kuyahlukahluka. Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-cysts zihlukaniswa:

• Ama-cyst asebenza kakhulu azixazulula ngokuzenzakalelayo (1).
• Ama-cysts e-organic adinga ukunakekelwa ngoba angaholela ekuhluphekeni, ebuhlungwini, futhi kwezinye izimo kuthuthukiswe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholwe kanye nokuziphendukela kwayo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungenziwa njengokuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic ezimweni ezithile zama-ovarian cysts.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Kuye ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza, ukwelashwa kwesimila kungase kuhambisane nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenziwa ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa isiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology esolwayo noma efakazelwe, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungenziwa njenge-ultrasound noma i-x-ray.

I-Laparoscopy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyindlela ye-endoscopic evumela ukufinyelela emgodini wesisu, ngaphandle kokuvula udonga lwesisu.

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ukuze kubonwe, isibonelo, izimpawu ezithile zesimila.

Ekuqaleni, amaqanda aqoka kuphela izitho lapho kwakhiwa khona amaqanda ezilwaneni ezi-oviparous, yingakho imvelaphi ye-Latin etymological: iqanda, iqanda. Igama elithi ovary labe selinikezwa ngokufaniswa kwama-gonads abesifazane ezilwaneni ezi-viviparous, ezazibizwa ngokuthi ama-testes abesifazane (5).