Okuqukethwe
Izimbangela zalesi sifo
I-Necrosis iwukuyeka okungenakuguqulwa komsebenzi obalulekile wamaseli, izicubu noma izitho entweni ephilayo, okubangelwa ithonya lama-microbes we-pathogenic. Isizathu se-necrosis singase sibe ukubhujiswa kwezicubu nge-mechanical, thermal, chemical, infectious-toxic agent. Lesi senzakalo senzeka ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba, ukungasebenzi kahle kwangaphakathi nokujikeleza kwegazi. Ubukhulu be-necrosis buncike esimweni somzimba jikelele kanye nezici zendawo ezimbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-necrosis kwenziwa lula ngokuba khona kwama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, isikhunta, amagciwane. Futhi, ukupholisa endaweni lapho kukhona ukwephulwa kokujikeleza kwegazi kunomphumela omubi, ezimweni ezinjalo, i-vasospasm iyanda futhi ukujikeleza kwegazi kuphazamiseka nakakhulu. Ukushisa ngokweqile kuthinta ukwanda kwe-metabolism futhi ngokuntuleka kokujikeleza kwegazi, izinqubo ze-necrotic ziyavela.
Izimpawu ze-necrosis
Ukuba ndikindiki, ukungabi nokuzwela kuwuphawu lokuqala okufanele kube isizathu sokuvakashela udokotela. I-Paleness yesikhumba ibonakala ngenxa yokujikeleza kwegazi okungalungile, kancane kancane umbala wesikhumba uba cyanotic, bese umnyama noma uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma i-necrosis ivela emaphethelweni aphansi, khona-ke ekuqaleni ibonakala ngokukhathala okusheshayo lapho uhamba, umuzwa wokubanda, ukugubha, ukubukeka kokukhubazeka, emva kwalokho izilonda ze-trophic ezingapholi, i-necrotic ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuwohloka kwesimo somzimba jikelele kwenzeka ngenxa yokwephulwa kwemisebenzi yesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi, ukujikeleza kwegazi, isimiso sokuphefumula, izinso, isibindi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ukwehla kokuzivikela ngenxa yokubonakala kwezifo zegazi ezihambisanayo kanye ne-anemia. Kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, ukukhathala, i-hypovitaminosis nokusebenza ngokweqile.
Izinhlobo ze-necrosis
Ngokuya ngokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezenzeka ezicutshini, izinhlobo ezimbili ze-necrosis zihlukaniswa:
I-coagulative (eyomile) necrosis - kwenzeka lapho amaprotheni ezicubu ezigoqa, ajiya, ome futhi aphenduke abe yinqwaba egoqekile. Lokhu kuwumphumela wokunqamuka kokugeleza kwegazi kanye nokuhwamuka komswakama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo zezicubu zomile, zishwabene, zinsundu ngokumnyama noma ezimpunga-ophuzi ngombala ezinomugqa wokuhlukanisa ocacile. Endaweni yokwenqatshwa kwezicubu ezifile, kuvela isilonda, inqubo ye-purulent iqala, kwakheka ithumba, futhi amafomu e-fistula lapho kuvulwa. I-necrosis eyomile yakhiwa ku-spleen, izinso, isiphunzi senkaba ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.
I-Colliquation (emanzi) necrosis - kubonakala ngokuvuvukala, ukuthambisa kanye nokucwiliswa kwezicubu ezifile, ukwakheka kwesisindo esimpunga, ukubonakala kwephunga elibi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-necrosis:
Ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo - kwenzeka ngenxa yokunqamuka kokunikezwa kwegazi okungazelelwe ekugxilweni kwezicubu noma isitho. Igama elithi ischemic necrosis lisho i-necrosis yengxenye yesitho sangaphakathi - infarction yobuchopho, inhliziyo, amathumbu, amaphaphu, izinso, ubhedu. Nge-infarction encane, ukuncibilika kwe-autolytic noma i-resorption kanye nokulungiswa okuphelele kwezicubu kwenzeka. Umphumela ongemuhle wesifo senhliziyo ukuphulwa komsebenzi obalulekile wezicubu, izinkinga noma ukufa.
I-Sequester - indawo efile yezicubu zethambo itholakala emgodini we-sequester, ehlukaniswe nezicubu ezinempilo ngenxa yenqubo ye-purulent (i-osteomyelitis).
I-Gangrene - i-necrosis yesikhumba, i-mucous, imisipha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwandulelwa yi-tissue necrosis.
Ama-bedsores - kwenzeka kubantu abangakwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yokucindezelwa isikhathi eside kwezicubu noma ukulimala esikhumbeni. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezilonda ezijulile, ezi-purulent.
Diagnostics
Ngeshwa, iziguli ngokuvamile zithunyelwa ukuhlolwa okwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-x-ray, kodwa le ndlela ayikuvumeli ukubona i-pathology ekuqaleni kokukhula kwayo. I-Necrosis kuma-x-ray ibonakala kuphela esigabeni sesibili nesesithathu sesifo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nakho akunikezi imiphumela ephumelelayo ocwaningweni lwale nkinga. Namuhla, i-imaging magnetic resonance yesimanje noma amadivaysi e-computed tomography enza kube nokwenzeka ukunquma ngokunembile izinguquko esakhiweni sezicubu.
wesifundo
Umphumela we-necrosis muhle uma kukhona ukuncibilika kwe-enzymatic kwezicubu, ukuhluma kwezicubu ezixhumene nezicubu ezisele ezisele, futhi kwakheka isibazi. Indawo ye-necrosis ingagcwala izicubu ezixhumeneyo - kwakhiwa i-capsule (encapsulation). Ngisho nasendaweni yezicubu ezifile, ithambo lingakheka (i-ossification).
Ngomphumela ongathandeki, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-purulent kwenzeka, okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphuma kwegazi, ukusabalala kokugxila - i-sepsis iqala.
Ukufa kujwayelekile ku-ischemic stroke, i-myocardial infarction. I-Necrosis yongqimba lwe-cortical yezinso, i-necrosis ye-pancreas (i-pancreatic necrosis) kanye. njll - izilonda zezitho ezibalulekile ziholela ekufeni.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-necrosis kuzophumelela uma lesi sifo sitholwa kusenesikhathi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezilondolozayo, ezongayo nezisebenzayo, uchwepheshe oqeqeshwe kakhulu kuphela onganquma ukuthi iyiphi ewufanelekela kakhulu umphumela ophumelela kakhulu.