Okuqukethwe
I-Myopia: konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokubona eduze
I-Myopia: kuyini?
La myopia akusona isifo kodwa a umbono ongenalutho ebonakala ngokuthi a umbono oseduze kodwa umbono ocacile ukufiphala kusukela kude. Ithinta cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu abadala eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, i-myopia iyinkinga evamile yokubona, futhi ukwanda kwayo kukhula kancane kancane.
Ngokuvamile ivela ku-iminyaka yesikole (ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni) futhi ithuthukela ekubeni umuntu omdala, lapho ijwayele ukuzinza. Ama-myopia athile aqinile, abizwa ngokuthi “izifo” ze-myopia, ngeshwa avela kukho konke ukuphila.
Kukhona amazinga ahlukene we-myopia ukuhlukahluka kwesinye isihloko kuye kwesinye okuholela ekutheni a inhlawulo ebonakalayo okubaluleke kakhulu noma okuncane. Abantu “abalula” abane-myopic abaphoqelekile ukuthi balungise i-myopia yabo unomphela kodwa kuphela ezimweni eziyingozi noma ezidingekayo njengokushayela, ukuya ebhayisikobho, njll ... Abanye bayoba nombono obonakele kakhulu, ngisho naseduze.
Ku-ophthalmology, ubulukhuni bamaphutha e-refractive (kuhlanganise ne-myopia) kukalwa ngama-diopter. Ngokwesimiso, izinga le-myopia lichazwa ngophawu “lokususa,” ngokwesibonelo, ukusuka ku- -0,25 kuya ku- -2,50 diopters i-myopia encane, – 2,75 ukuze -6 diopters for i-myopia emaphakathi, -6 diopters nangaphezulu for i-myopia eqinile.
Ubani ohlushwa i-myopia?
Ukusabalala kwe-myopia kubantu abahlukahlukene kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka,imvelaphi yezwe, Kanyeimvelo. E-France, ngokwe-Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS), u-29% wabantu uyabona eduze. Lesi futhi isibalo esitholakala eNyakatho Melika.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazwe ase-Asia athinteka kakhulu: Amaphesenti angu-80 kuya kwangu-90 ezingane ezifunda isikole aziboni kahle ezindaweni ezithile zasemadolobheni eChina, eTaiwan, eHong Kong, eJapane, noma ngisho naseNingizimu Korea. Phakathi kwabo, i-10 kuya ku-20% ine-myopia ephezulu, engaholela izinkinga mathuna.
Ngokwezilinganiso ezimbalwa, abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5 (ingxenye yesithathu yabantu bomhlaba) bazoba nombono oseduze ngo-2020, uma kuqhathaniswa nezigidigidi eziyi-1,6 namuhla.2.
Izinkinga ze-myopia
Ngeso elivamile, isithombe sezinto sivezwa ku-retina (uhlobo “lwefilimu yezithombe” etholakala ngemuva kweso). I-cornea ne-lens, ama-lens angaphambili kwehlo, asebenzela ukukhiqiza isithombe esibukhali kuyi-retina.
Endabeni ye-myopia, iphuzu lobukhali alikho ku-retina, kodwa phambi kwayo. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo sihlobene nenhlamvu yeso elide kakhulu. Bese sikhuluma i-myopia engapheli.
Okungavamile kakhulu, ukugoba okweqile kwe-cornea nakho kungabandakanyeka. Kuzo zonke izimo, isithombe sezinto ezikude sibonakala sifiphele, ngoba ilensi ayikwazi ukunxephezela.
Izimbangela ze-myopia zombili ngokushintsha izakhi zofuzo et ukukhathazeka, kodwa awaziwa kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, kunezifunda ezingaphezu kuka-20 zofuzo ezihlonziwe futhi zingase zibe nezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ku-myopia3. Ngokocwaningo oluthile, izakhi zofuzo ezingaphezu kuka-70 zidlala indima anomalies of the isiphikiso1. Ezinye zalezi khodi zofuzo zezici zokukhula, noma izakhi ze- i-matrix ye-ocular2.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukwanda kwe-myopia kuqhubeka kwanda emhlabeni wonke, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi izici zemvelo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo esibonakalayo. Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva4, ukuntuleka kokuchayeka elangeni lemvelo iphazamisa ukukhula kweso futhi ingase ikhuthaze i-myopia. Izindlela zokuphila zamanje (imidlalo yevidiyo, ukufunda, izikrini, imisebenzi embalwa yangaphandle, njll.) ngakho-ke kufanele igwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Inkambo kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka
Ezimweni eziningi, i-axile myopia izilungisa kahle futhi ilungiswe, ayifaki inkinga ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ijwayele ukuzinza lapho ineminyaka engama-25 futhi ngokuvamile ayidluli -6 diopters.
Kodwa-ke, enye i-myopia iyathuthuka (ebizwa nangokuthi izifo ze-myopia) futhi ayizinzi. Badinga ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okuvamile ngudokotela wamehlo, kanye nokujwayela ukulungiswa kwe-optical okuvamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-myopia (ikakhulukazi uma inamandla) ihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa izifo zamehlo ezinzima.1Kubandakanya:
- un iqembu le-retinal okungadala ubumpumputhe;
- i-glaucoma (ukuwohloka kwe-optic nerve);
- i-cataract (i-clouding ye-lens);
- ukopha kusukela macula (indawo emaphakathi ye-retina).
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akubona bonke abantu emhlabeni abazuzayo ekulungiseni okwanele okubukwayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi eziyi-150 emhlabeni bahlushwa amaphutha angalungiswanga, izigidi eziyi-8 kubo zithathwa njengezimpumputhe.2.
Izimpawu ze-myopia yilezi:
- a ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokubona kude (Igama elithi “kude” lihlobene. Ukubona kungase kuqale ukufiphala kusukela ebangeni elingamasentimitha ambalwa uma kwenzeka kuba ne-myopia ephezulu);
- a kudingeka ukusondela ukuze ubone ngokucacile (lesi esinye sezibonakaliso ezibonakala kakhulu ze-myopia yokuqala);
- ubunzima bokubona lapho ushayela imoto, okuyingozi kakhulu kuwena nakwabanye;
- ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu bekhanda.
I-myopia ephansi ibonakala kancane kancane. Izinto ezikude zibonakala zilufifi, kuyilapho izinto eziseduze zihlala zicwebile.
Ngokuvamile, izingane ezinemiyopic noma intsha iba nobunzima bokufunda okubhalwe ebhodini lapho ihlezi ngemuva kwekilasi. Ukufunda izimpawu ezikude noma amagama emigwaqo kuba nzima.
Isifo se-myopia, noma i-myopia eqinile, iqala ekuqaleni kwengane. Iguquka ngokushesha, kukho konke ukuphila, futhi ayizinzi lapho umuntu esemdala. Ingafinyelela - 30 diopters. Ikakhulukazi lolu hlobo lwe-myopia oluyingozi ebangela izinkinga (i-retinal detachment, i-glaucoma, i-cataracts yokuqala, ukungaboni).
Abantu abasengozini ye-myopia
I-Myopia ivame kakhulu:
- kweminye imindeni, ngoba izizathu zofuzo. Izingane ezinomzali oyedwa noma bobabili ababona eduze maningi amathuba okuba zibe nombono oseduze kunabanye.
- kubantu abadabuka eCaucasia nase-Asia, futhi abavamile kangako kulabo abavela e-Afrika1.
Izici zengozi
Izici eziningana zemvelo zibonakala zandisa ingozi ye-myopia:
- le isikhathi esincane esichithwa ngaphandle ngesikhathi sobuntwana5, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuntuleka kokuchayeka elangeni;
- umkhuba owedlulele wemisebenzi ethile ephoqa amehlo ukuba sebenza eduze, njengokufunda, ukufekethisa, eminye imidlalo yevidiyo, njll… 2;
- Isidingo esinamandla somsebenzi oseduze ebuntwaneni nasebusheni: sikhuluma nge-myopia yesikole.
Umbono kadokotela wethu
Njengengxenye yendlela yekhwalithi yayo, iPasseportsanté.net ikumema ukuthi uthole umbono wochwepheshe bezempilo. UDkt Jacques Allard, udokotela ojwayelekile, ukukunikeza umbono wakhe nge myopia :
I-Myopia iwukuphazamiseka kokubona okuvame kakhulu futhi ukwanda kwayo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngokuvamile ivela eminyakeni yobudala yesikole futhi kubalulekile ukuyibamba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ubunzima bakho bokubona ukude buphawulwe ngokwanele ukuthi bungakuvimba ekwenzeni umsebenzi othile noma bukuvimbela ekusebenziseni ngokugcwele izinto ezithile, thintana nochwepheshe bokubona (udokotela wamehlo waseQuebec noma udokotela wamehlo eFrance). Ukwengeza, uma ungenakho ukuphazamiseka kokubona, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole amehlo akho okokuqala lapho uneminyaka engama-40 futhi ngezikhathi ezithile emva kwalokho, njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-4 phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-54, njalo ngonyaka o-1 kuye kwemi-3 phakathi Iminyaka engama-55 kanye nengama-64, futhi njalo ngonyaka owodwa kuya kwemi-1 ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2. UDkt. Jacques Allard MD FCMFC |