Okuqukethwe
I-Terroir
Ekwenzeni iwayini, ikhwalithi iqala nge-terroir (kusuka egameni elithi terre, ngesiFulentshi elisho "umhlaba"). Ngaleli gama abenzi bewayini emhlabeni wonke babiza ukuphelela kokwakheka kokuma komhlaba kwenhlabathi, i-microclimate nokukhanyisa, kanye nohlaza oluzungezile. Izici ezibaliwe ziyimigomo, imigomo ye-terroir enikezwe uNkulunkulu. Kodwa-ke, iqukethe nemingcele emibili enqunywe yintando yomuntu: ukukhetha izinhlobo zamagilebhisi kanye nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ekwenzeni iwayini.
Okubi kuhle
Umvini wakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi isivuno esihle kakhulu ngokwezinga sikhipha kuphela ezimweni ezingezinhle neze. Ngamanye amagama, umvini uzolahlwa - kusuka ekushodeni komswakama, ukungabi namsoco kanye nokushisa okuthe xaxa ngokweqile. Amagilebhisi ekhwalithi ahloselwe ukwenziwa kwewayini kufanele abe nejusi egxilile, ngakho ukunisela umvini (okungenani eYurophu) akuvunyelwe. Kukhona, vele, okuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela ngenkasa kuvunyelwe ezindaweni ezomile zaseSpain iLa Mancha, kwezinye izindawo emithambekeni ephezulu eJalimane, lapho amanzi angahlali khona - kungenjalo, umvini ompofu ungavele wome.
Umhlabathi wezivini ukhethwa ngabampofu, ukuze umvini ujule; kweminye imivini, uhlelo lwempande luya ekujuleni kwamashumi (kuze kufike kumashumi amahlanu!) amamitha. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze iphunga lewayini elizayo licebe ngangokunokwenzeka - iqiniso liwukuthi idwala ngalinye le-geological lapho izimpande zomvini zihlangana khona linikeza iwayini lakusasa iphunga elikhethekile. Isibonelo, i-granite icebisa isixha sewayini esinephunga elimnandi ngethoni ye-violet, kuyilapho i-limestone ilinikeza amanothi e-iodine namaminerali.
Ungatshala kuphi
Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zokutshala, i-winemaker icabangela, okokuqala, izinto ezimbili ze-terroir - microclimate nokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ezivinini ezisenyakatho, kutshalwa izinhlobo zamagilebhisi amhlophe ikakhulukazi, ngoba zivuthwa ngokushesha, kanti ezivinini eziseningizimu, kutshalwa izinhlobo ezibomvu, ezivuthwa sekwephuze kakhulu. Izifunda I-Champagne futhi Bordeaux… E-Champagne, isimo sezulu siyabanda, siyingozi ekwenzeni iwayini, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zamagilebhisi ezivunyelwe lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-champagne. it Chardonnay, I-Pinot Noir futhi IPinot Meunier, zonke zivuthwa kusenesikhathi, futhi kwenziwa ngazo iwayini elimhlophe nelicwebezelayo kuphela ngazo. Ukuze kwenziwe ubulungiswa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona namawayini abomvu eChampagne - ngokwesibonelo, Silleri, nokho, awacashuniwe. Ngoba azinambitheki. Womabili amagilebhisi abomvu namhlophe avunyelwe esifundeni saseBordeaux. Okubomvu I-Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, ICabernet Franc futhi I-Pti Verdo, nokumhlophe - Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon futhi I-Muscadelle… Lokhu kukhetha kunqunywa, okokuqala, ubunjalo benhlabathi yamatshe kanye nobumba. Ngokufanayo, umuntu angachaza ukusetshenziswa kohlobo oluthile lwamagilebhisi kunoma yisiphi isifunda esikhula iwayini, esivame ukubonwa njengesikhulu.
Abasebenzi
Ngakho izinga le-terroir yikhwalithi yewayini. Isiphetho esilula, kodwa amaFulentshi akwenza ngaphambi kwanoma ubani omunye futhi aba ngabokuqala ukwakha uhlelo lokuhlukanisa olubizwa ngokuthi i-cru (cru), okusho ukuthi "umhlabathi". Ngo-1855, iFrance yayilungiselela umbukiso womhlaba owawuseParis, futhi mayelana nalokhu, uMbusi uNapoleon III wayala abenzi bewayini ukuba bakhe “iqembu lewayini”. Baphendukela ezinqolobaneni zamasiko (Mangisho ukuthi imibhalo egcina umlando eFrance igcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, kwezinye izimo ingaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane), ilandelele ukwehla kwamanani entengo yewayini elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe futhi ngalesi sizathu yakha uhlelo lokuhlukanisa . Ekuqaleni, lesi simiso sanwetshwa kuphela emavinyoni ngokwawo, ngaphezu kwalokho, akhiqizwa e-Bordeaux, kodwa-ke sanwetshelwa ezindaweni ezifanele - okokuqala e-Bordeaux, kwase kuba kwezinye izindawo ezitshala iwayini eFrance, okungukuthi burgundy, I-Champagne futhi Alsace… Njengomphumela, izingosi ezingcono kakhulu ezifundeni eziqanjwe igama zithole izimo UNdunankulu Cru futhi Omkhulu uCru. Nokho, i-cru system kwakungeyona yodwa. Kwezinye izifunda, ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka kamuva, kwavela olunye uhlelo lokuhlukanisa futhi lwaqala ngokushesha - uhlelo lwe-AOC, okungukuthi. Ukuqokwa Okulawulwa Kwemvelaphi, elihunyushwe ngokuthi “ihlelo elilawulwa imvelaphi”. Mayelana nokuthi lolu hlelo lwe-AOC luyini nokuthi kungani ludingeka - engxenyeni elandelayo.