Ubunyumba wukungakwazi kombhangqwana ukukhulelwa umntwana. Sikhuluma ngokungazali noma inzalo lapho umbhangqwana oya ocansini njalo futhi ongasebenzisi izinto zokuvimbela inzalo uhluleka ukuthola abantwana okungenani unyaka (noma izinyanga eziyisithupha lapho owesifazane eseneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35).

Ukuze owesifazane akhulelwe, uchungechunge lwezehlakalo luyadingeka. Umzimba wakhe, futhi ikakhulukazi ama-ovari akhe, kufanele kuqala akhiqize ingqamuzana, ii-oocyte, elihamba liye esibelethweni. Lapho, lapho kukhona isidoda, ukukhulelwa kungenzeka. Isidoda singaphila amahora angu-72 ohlelweni lokuzala lowesifazane futhi iqanda kufanele livundiswe kungakapheli amahora angu-24 wokuvuthwa kweqanda. Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwala mangqamuzana amabili, kwakheka iqanda bese lifakwa esibelethweni, lapho lizokwazi khona ukukhula.

Ukungabi nenzalo kungaba nzima kakhulu emibhangqwaneni efuna ukuba ngabazali kepha engakwazi ukwenza kanjalo. Lokhu kungakwazi kungaba nakho imiphumela engokwengqondo kubalulekile.

Ziningi izindlela zokwelapha zokungabi nabantwana ezingakhuphula kakhulu amathuba ombhangqwana okuba abazali.

Ukuvama

Ukungabi nenzalo kakhulu evamile njengoba kungathinta phakathi kuka-10% kuya ku-15% wezithandani. Ngakho i-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Abantu baseMelika baqinisekisa ukuthi cishe owesifazane oyedwa kwabayishumi angaba nobunzima bokukhulelwa. Ama-1 kuya kuma-10% abesifazane akhulelwa kungakapheli unyaka owodwa kanti ama-80% angakhulelwa eminyakeni emibili.

E-Canada, ngokwe-Canadian Infertility Awareness Association (ACSI), cishe umbhangqwana oyedwa kwabayisithupha ngeke uphumelele ukukhulelwa ingane ku-1.^ubudala unyaka wokumisa konke ukuvimbela inzalo.

E-France, ngokocwaningo lukazwelonke lwango-2003 kanye ne-2007-2008 epidemiological observatory yokuzala, cishe umbhangqwana owodwa kwemihlanu uzothinteka ngenxa yokungazali ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-1 ngaphandle kokuvimbela inzalo. Ngokusho kocwaningo, abesifazane abangama-5% bakhulelwa besanda ku-12^erizinyanga ngaphandle kokuvimbela inzalo kanye nama-32%, ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-6 kamuva (kuhlanganise no-18% ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12 kanye no-8% ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-24)³.

Yize i-data ingekho kodwa kubukeka sengathi bayanda abesifazane abanenkinga yokukhulelwa kanti nabo bathatha isikhathi eside. Izici zemvelo noma ezithathelwanayo zingaba nomthelela kulokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nakho kuyakhethwa. Kufanele wazi futhi ukuthi ukuzala kuyehla ngeage. Manje, abesifazane balindele i-1 yabo^er ingane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangemva kwayo, engachaza nokuthi kungani izinkinga zokungazali zivame kakhulu.

Izimbangela

Izimbangela zokungazali zihlukene kakhulu futhi zingathinta amadoda, abesifazane noma bobabili abalingani. Ezimweni ezintathu, ukungazali kuthinta owesilisa kuphela, kwesinye sesithathu kuthinta owesifazane kuphela futhi ekugcineni, kwesesithathu esisele, kuthinta zombili.

Kubantu

Ukungatholi abantwana kwabesilisa kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa okuncane kakhulu (i-oligospermia) noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele (i-azoospermia) kwesidoda esidodeni. I-Azospermia ingase ibe ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kumasende noma ukuvaleka kwemigudu evumela ukuba isidoda sifuduke. I isidoda kungase futhi kube nokukhubazeka (teratospermia) noma immobile (asthenospermia). Khona-ke isidoda asisakwazi ukufinyelela i-oocyte futhi singene kuyo. Umuntu angahlupheka futhicumshots ekuqaleni. Ngemuva kwalokho angakhipha umchamo ngentokozo encane, imvamisa nangaphambi kokungena kumlingani wakhe. I-Dyspareunia (ukuhlangana okubuhlungu kwabesifazane) nakho kungavimbela ukungena. Uma kwenzeka 'ukujula ukubuyisa kabusha, isidoda sithunyelwa esinyeni hhayi ngaphandle. Ezinye izici zemvelo, njengokuchayeka kuzibulala-zinambuzane noma ukushisa okuvamile kakhulu kuma-saunas nama-Jacuzzi, kunganciphisa inzalo ngokuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda. Ukuphazamiseka okujwayelekile njengokukhuluphala, ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala noma ugwayi nakho kukhawulela ukuzala kowesilisa. Okokugcina, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza njenge-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiotherapy ngezinye izikhathi zikhawulela ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda.

Kwabesifazane

Izimbangela zokungazali futhi ziningi. Abanye besifazane bangahlushwa yiukungajwayelekile kwe-ovulation. I-ovulation ingase ingabi khona (i-anovulation) noma ikhwalithi ephansi. Ngalezi zinto ezingavamile, ayikho i-oocyte ekhiqizwayo ngakho-ke ukuvundiswa akukwazi ukwenzeka. I amashubhu fallopian, ephakathi kwama-ovari nesibeletho futhi ivumele umbungu ukuba uthuthele emgodini wesibeletho, ungase uvinjwe (ngokwesibonelo, uma kwenzeka isalpingite, ukuvuvukala kwamashubhu noma inkinga yokunamathela ngemva kokuhlinzwa). Owesifazane angase abe ne-endometriosis, i-uterine fibroma noma i-polycystic ovary syndrome, okuwukungalingani kwe-hormonal okubangela ukuba ama-cyst avele kuma-ovari futhi abonakaliswe ngezikhathi ezingavamile kanye nobunyumba. Imithi, njengokwelapha umdlavuza, ingabangela ukungazali. Izinkinga ze-thyroid kanye ne-hyperprolactinemia nazo zingaba nesibopho. Lokhu kwanda kwezinga le-prolactin, i-hormone ekhona ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, kungathinta i-ovulation.

Ukuxilongwa

Uma kwenzeka ukungazali, kuyadingeka ukuzama ukuthola imbangela yayo. Ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene okunikezwayo kungaba yinde. Ochwepheshe baqala ngokubheka isimo sempilo jikelele yombhangqwana; babuye bakhulume ngempilo yabo yocansi. Ezimweni ezingaba ingxenye yesithathu, ukungazali kombhangqwana kuhlala kungachazwa.

Le Ukuhlolwa kukaHuhner ukuhlolwa okufanele kwenziwe emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kocansi. Ihlola izinga lamafinyila omlomo wesibeletho, into ekhiqizwa yisibeletho evumela isidoda ukuthi sihambe kangcono futhi sifinyelele esibelethweni.

Kubantu, okunye kokuhlolwa kokuqala ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe kwesidoda: inombolo ye-spermatozoa, ukuhamba kwabo, ukubukeka kwayo, ukungahambi kahle kwayo, njll. i-spermogram. Uma kutholakala okungavamile, kungase kucelwe i-ultrasound yezitho zangasese noma i-karyotype. Odokotela baphinde bahlole ukuthi ukuqhanyelwa kuyinto evamile yini. Ukuhlolwa kwamahomoni, njengokuhlola i-testosterone, okuvela kusampula yegazi kuvame ukwenziwa.

Kwabesifazane, ukusebenza kahle kwezitho zokuzala kuyahlolwa. Udokotela uphinde aqinisekise ukuthi umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ujwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola inani lamahomoni akhona kungaqinisekisa ukuthi owesifazane uvuthwa kahle. A amadlinga ivumela ukubonwa okuhle kwesibeletho kanye namashubhu e-fallopian. Lokhu kuhlola kuvumela, ngenxa yomjovo womkhiqizo ohlukile, ukuthola noma yikuphi ukuvaleka kumashubhu. A i-laparoscopy, ukuhlinzwa okubonisa ngeso lengqondo ingaphakathi lesisu ngakho-ke ama-ovari, amashubhu e-fallopian nesibeletho, kungase kunqunywe uma kusolwa ukuzala. Kungasiza ukubona i-endometriosis. I-pelvic ultrasound ingakwazi futhi ukubona ukungahambi kahle kwesibeletho, amashubhu noma ama-ovari. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungase kudingeke ukuze kutholwe umsuka wofuzo wokungazali.