Okuqukethwe
Ngemva kokuphithizela kosuku, izandla zewashi zihamba kancane zibheke ku-21.00. Ingane yethu, njengoba idlale ngokwanele, iqala ukuzamula, ihlikihle amehlo ngezandla zayo, umsebenzi wayo iba buthaka, iba buthakathaka: konke kusikisela ukuthi ifuna ukulala. Kodwa kuthiwani uma ingane yethu ingafuni ukulala, ibonisa umsebenzi omkhulu ngisho kusihlwa esijulile? Kunezingane ezisaba nokulala ngoba ziphupha kabi. Kufanele benzenjani-ke abazali? Futhi ingane yethu kufanele ilale amahora amangaki ngezikhathi ezahlukene zeminyaka? Ake sizame ukuphendula le mibuzo neminye.
Liyini iphupho? Mhlawumbe lokhu kuwumzamo wokubheka ikusasa, noma mhlawumbe umlayezo ongaqondakali ovela phezulu noma ukwesaba okwesabekayo? Noma mhlawumbe wonke amaphupho namathemba afihlwe ku-subconscious yethu? Noma ingabe kungcono ukumane uthi ukulala kuyisidingo somuntu sokuphumula? Impicabadala yokulala ibilokhu ikhathaza abantu. Kwakubonakala kuyinqaba kakhulu ukuthi indoda enamandla futhi egcwele amandla yayivala amehlo ayo lapho kuhwalala, ilale phansi futhi ibonakale “ifa” ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, akabonanga lutho, akazange azizwe esengozini futhi wayengakwazi ukuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukholelwa ukuthi ubuthongo bufana nokufa: njalo kusihlwa umuntu uyafa futhi njalo ekuseni uzalwa kabusha. Shono ukufa ngokwako kubizwa ngokuthi ubuthongo baphakade.
Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi ukulala kuwukuphumula okuphelele komzimba, okuwuvumela ukuba ubuyisele amandla asetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuphaphama. Ngakho, ku-«Sichazamazwi Esichazayo» ka-V. Dahl, ukulala kuchazwa ngokuthi "ukuphumula komzimba ekukhohlweni izinzwa." Okutholwe ososayensi besimanje kuye kwafakazela okuphambene. Kuvela ukuthi ebusuku umzimba womuntu olele awuphumuli nhlobo, kodwa "ulahla" udoti ongadingekile wemibono engahleliwe evela enkumbulweni, uyazihlanza ubuthi, futhi uqongelela amandla ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngesikhathi sokulala, imisipha iyaqina noma iphumule, i-pulse ishintsha imvamisa yayo, izinga lokushisa nokucindezela "gxuma". Ngesikhathi sokulala lapho izitho zomzimba zisebenza ngokungakhathali, kungenjalo emini yonke into izophuma esandleni futhi idideke ekhanda. Yingakho kungesona isihawu ukuchitha ingxenye yesithathu yokuphila kwakho ulele.
Ukulala kubalulekile ekulungiseni izicubu zomzimba kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamaseli kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Usana olusanda kuzalwa, olusanda kuvuka ebusika obuyizinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye esibelethweni sikamama esifudumele nesiminyene kancane, luqala ukufunda ukulala nokuhlala siphapheme. Nokho, ezinye izingane ziphambanisa imini nobusuku. Umama nobaba abanothando bangasiza ingane ukuba ithuthukise isimiso somzimba esifanele sansuku zonke nesasebusuku. Emini, umntwana osanda kuzalwa angalala ekukhanyeni. Abazali akufanele bagcizelele ukuqedwa kwayo yonke imisindo nemisindo. Phela usuku lugcwele imisindo ehlukene namandla. Ebusuku, ngokuphambene nalokho, umntwana kufanele alaliswe ebumnyameni, ashiye ukukhanya ebusuku kuvuliwe uma kunesidingo. Indawo yokulala ebusuku kufanele ibe sendaweni ethule, enokuthula. Kuyancomeka ukuthi zonke izihlobo zikhulume ngokuhleba ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kancane kancane, umntwana osanda kuzalwa ufunda ukuhlukanisa imini nobusuku ezingeni lemizwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela asabalalise amahora okulala, agxile ebumnyameni, isikhathi sasebusuku sosuku. Izingane zidinga amanani ahlukene okulala kuye ngeminyaka yazo (bheka Ithebula 1).
Ithebula 1. Isilinganiso sesikhathi sokulala ngeminyaka ehlukene
Manje kunezingxabano eziningi phakathi kodokotela bezingane mayelana nesikhathi sokulala kwasemini ezinganeni ezincane. Ngonyaka wokuqala nengxenye yokuphila, izingane zidinga ukulala ekuseni nangemuva kokudla okuyinhloko. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi inani lokulala okunjalo libe ngamahora angu-4 ngosuku ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, bese liyancipha kancane kancane. Odokotela bezingane abaningi bayeluleka ukugcina umkhuba wokulala ihora elilodwa inqobo nje uma umntwana ezwa isidingo.
Ngakho-ke, izinsana zingalala amahora ayishumi nesishiyagalombili ebusuku, izingane amahora ayishumi kuya kwayishumi nambili, futhi intsha idinga amahora ayishumi okulala ebusuku (futhi yaneliswe isilinganiso sesithupha). Abantu abaneminyaka yobudala esebenzayo badinga amahora okuphumula ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye (futhi balale ngaphansi kwesikhombisa). Asebekhulile badinga inani elifanayo (futhi balala amahora amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa kuphela ngenxa yokuthi “iwashi labo lezinto eziphilayo” linikeza umyalo wokuvuka ekuseni kakhulu).
Ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nokulala lufakazele ukuthi isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokulalisa ingane yakho sisuka ku-19.00 kuya ku-21.30 amahora. Kutuswa ukuthi ungaphuthelwa lesi sikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho ungase uhlangabezane nobunzima obukhulu. Njengoba isidlale ngokwanele usuku lonke, ingane isuke ikhathele ngokomzimba kusihlwa. Uma ingane ijwayele ukulala ngesikhathi futhi abazali bemsiza kulokhu, khona-ke uzolala ngokushesha, futhi ekuseni uzovuka egcwele amandla namandla.
Kwenzeka ukuthi umzimba wengane ulungele ukulala, kodwa azikho izimo ezingokwengqondo zalokhu. Ngokwesibonelo, umntwana akafuni ukuhlukana namathoyizi; noma othile eze ezovakasha; noma abazali abanaso isikhathi sokumbeka phansi. Kulezi zimo, umntwana uyakhohliswa: uma umntwana ephoqeleka ukuba ahlale ephapheme, ngesikhathi lapho edinga ukulala, umzimba wakhe uqala ukukhiqiza i-adrenaline ngokweqile. I-Adrenaline iyi-hormone edingekayo lapho ubhekene nesimo esiphuthumayo. Umfutho wegazi wengane uyakhuphuka, inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha, umntwana uzizwa egcwele amandla, futhi ukozela kuyaphela. Kulesi simo, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ingane ilale. Kuyothatha cishe ihora ngaphambi kokuba ehlise umoya aphinde alale. Lesi sikhathi siyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe i-adrenaline egazini. Ngokuphazamisa indlela yokulala yengane, abazali bafaka ingozi yokonakalisa izindlela zokulawula lapho isimo esijwayelekile somntwana sincike ngosuku olulandelayo. Kungakho kudingekile kakhulu ukunikela ngemidlalo ethule kusihlwa, ehamba kancane kancane e-crib, futhi ingane ilala ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ngakho-ke, yini edingekayo ukuze ingane yethu ifune ukulala futhi ilale ngenjabulo?
Ukulungiselela ukulala
Isikhathi sokulala
Setha isikhathi sokulala: kusukela ngo-19.00 kuya ku-21.30 amahora, kuye ngokuthi ubudala bengane kanye nezimo zomndeni. Kodwa lokhu akufanele kube isenzo somshini kuphela. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukudala izimo zengane ukuze yena ngokwakhe afunde ukulawula lapho elala. Isibonelo, ungatshela ingane yakho ukuthi kusihlwa kuyeza. Ukuhlwa kuyiqiniso elihlosiwe elingekho ngaphansi kwengxoxo. Abazali bangathenga iwashi le-alamu elikhethekile, ngokusho ukuthi ingane izobala isikhathi semidlalo ethule kanye nesikhathi sokulala. Isibonelo, ungathi: “Mfo, uyabona ukuthi sekuyihora lesishiyagalombili ewashini: yini isikhathi sokwenza?”
Isiko lokulala
Lesi yisikhathi sokushintsha kusukela emdlalweni kuya ezinqubweni zakusihlwa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walo mzuzu ukwenza ukulala kube umkhuba olindelwe isikhathi eside futhi othandekayo kubazali nezingane. Lezi zikhathi zihlanganisa kakhulu futhi ziqinisa umndeni. Bakhunjulwa impilo yabo yonke. Lapho ingane ilele ngesikhathi esithile futhi ilele ngokuthula, abazali banesikhathi sokuba bodwa. Isikhathi esiphelele sesiko imizuzu engama-30-40.
Ibeka amathoyizi embhedeni
Umndeni ngamunye ukhetha okuqukethwe kwesiko kuye ngezici zengane kanye nesiko lomndeni jikelele noma amasiko. Ngokwesibonelo, abazali bangase babize ingane yabo ngala mazwi: “Sthandwa, sekuhlwile, sekuyisikhathi sokulungela ukulala. Wonke amathoyizi alinde ukuthi uwafisele "ubusuku obuhle". Ungalalisa umuntu, utshele othile ukuthi "bye, sokubona kusasa." Lesi yisigaba sokuqala, siwusizo kakhulu, ngoba, ukubeka amathoyizi embhedeni, ingane ngokwayo iqala ukulungiselela ukulala.
Ukubhukuda kusihlwa
Amanzi aphumule kakhulu. Ngamanzi, konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke kuyahamba. Mvumele achithe isikhathi esithile (imizuzu eyi-10-15) ekugezeni okufudumele. Ukuze uthole ukuphumula okukhulu, engeza amafutha akhethekile emanzini (uma kungekho-contraindications). Ingane ithola injabulo enkulu ngokuthela amanzi esuka kwesinye isitsha iye kwesinye. Kuhle uma amanye amathoyizi entanta endlini yokugezela. Ukugeza nokuxubha amazinyo nakho kufakiwe kulesi sigaba.
Amaphijama ayizintandokazi
Ngemuva kwezinqubo zamanzi, esezivele zinethonya lokuphumula kumntwana, siyamgqokisa amaphijama afudumele, athambile. Into ebonakala ilula njengamaphijama ingaba negalelo elinamandla kakhulu esimweni sokulala. Amaphijama kufanele enziwe ngendwangu ekhululekile, ekhululekile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kube thambile, kumnandi, mhlawumbe nohlobo oluthile lwemidwebo yezingane noma i-embroidery. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ama-pajamas kufanele anikeze injabulo kumntwana - khona-ke uzobeka ngenjabulo kuwo. Ukugqoka ama-pajamas, ungakwazi ukugcoba umzimba wengane ngokunyakaza okukhanyayo, okuzolile ngohlobo oluthile lukakhilimu noma amafutha.
Ngingathanda ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi ukubhucungwa okulula nokugqoka amaphijama kufanele kwenzeke embhedeni lapho ingane izolala khona.
Ukulala ngomculo
Lapho abazali belungiselela ingane ukulala (okungukuthi, gqoka ama-pajamas), ungavula umculo opholile. Umculo we-Classical usifanelekela kangcono lesi sikhathi, njengama-lullabies, afakwe esikhwameni segolide sakudala. Umculo onemisindo yezilwane zasendle nawo uzofaneleka.
Ukuxoxa indaba (izinganekwane)
Kuzwakala umculo opholile, izibani zifiphele, ingane ilele embhedeni, futhi abazali bayixoxela indaba encane noma inganekwane. Ungaziqambela izindaba ngokwakho noma uxoxe izindaba ezivela empilweni yabazali bakho, ogogo nomkhulu uqobo. Kodwa indaba akufanele ifundise, isibonelo: "Lapho ngisemncane, ngangi ..." Kungcono ukukusho kumuntu wesithathu. Ngokwesibonelo: “Esikhathini esithile kwakukhona intombazane eyayithanda ukuzilalisa yona. Futhi kanye…” Kuhle uma izingane zifunda ngomlando wogogo nomkhulu wazo ezindabeni ezincane ezinjalo. Bahlakulela uthando ngabathandekayo babo, mhlawumbe asebekhulile kakade. Izingane zithanda izindaba ngezilwane.
Kubalulekile ukuxoxa indaba ngezwi elipholile nelinokuthula.
Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi isiko elihlongozwayo lokuzumeka liyinkomba. Umndeni ngamunye ungacabanga ngomkhuba wawo, kuye ngezici zomntwana kanye namasiko ajwayelekile omndeni. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini isiko, into eyinhloko ukuthi yenziwe njalo. Ngokunikela cishe imizuzu engama-30-40 nsuku zonke esikweni lokulala, abazali bazobona ngokushesha ukuthi izingane ziyancipha ukumelana nalokhu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umntwana uzobheka phambili kulo mzuzu lapho konke ukunakwa kuzonikelwa kuye.
Izincomo ezimbalwa ezinhle:
- Isigaba sokugcina sesiko, okungukuthi ukuxoxwa kwendaba, kufanele senzeke ekamelweni lapho ingane ilala khona.
- Izingane ziyakuthanda ukulala nomngane othile othambile (ithoyizi). Khetha naye esitolo lelo thoyizi azolala ngalo ubumnandi.
- Abelaphi bomculo baye babala ukuthi imisindo ebangelwa imvula, ukuhwashaza kwamaqabunga, noma ukushayeka kwamagagasi (abizwa ngokuthi «imisindo emhlophe») iletha ukuphumula okukhulu kumuntu. Namuhla endalini ungathola amakhasethi nama-CD anomculo kanye «nemisindo emhlophe» eklanyelwe ukulala. (ISEXWAYISO! Qaphela: hhayi wonke umuntu!)
- Imikhuba yokulala kufanele imiswe ngaphambi kokuba ingane ilale, ngaphandle kwalokho izodala umlutha okuzoba nzima ukuwuqeda.
- Imikhuba yokulala kufanele ihluke ukuze ingane ingabi nomkhuba womuntu oyedwa noma into eyodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngolunye usuku ubaba ubeka phansi, ngolunye usuku - umama; ngolunye usuku umntwana ulala no-teddy bear, ngakusasa nogwaja, njalonjalo.
- Izikhathi eziningana ngemva kokuba ingane ilaliswe, abazali bangase babuye bazoyiphulula ngaphandle kokubuza. Ngakho umntwana uyoqinisekisa ukuthi abazali ngeke banyamalale lapho elele.