"Ithiyori ngaphandle kokuzijwayeza ifile," kusho umkhuzi omkhulu u-Suvorov, futhi nginomuzwa wokuthi ngaphansi kwezinye izimo zokuphila u-Alexander Vasilyevich wayezovela njengompheki omuhle kakhulu. Phela, iyiphi iresiphi uma kungeyona inkolelo-mbono? Umpheki wezimfundamakhwela noma umsikazi angase abheke ngeze ezithombeni zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, kodwa uma engazi izinto eziyisisekelo, iresiphi isala kubo umbhalo ongaqondakali ngolimi olufile.
Bangaki kini abangaziqhayisa ngokuthi niyakwazi ukuthosa kahle (epanini, kunjalo)? Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, angiphumeleli njalo. Futhi uma ungenalo uhlelo lokusindisa umhlaba imizuzu emi-5 elandelayo, zenze ukhululeke, masikulungise ndawonye.
Kuyini ukuthosa?
Uma sikhuluma ngokuthosa, sisho enye yezindlela zokwelapha ukushisa kokudla, lapho ukushisa kudluliselwa khona kusetshenziswa amafutha ashisayo noma amafutha. Ezimweni ezingu-90%, i-pan yokuthosa isetshenziselwa ukuthosa.*, lapho amafutha engezwa khona futhi umkhiqizo uthosiwe kuze kube nsundu yegolide. Futhi uma ngishiya ukukhetha komkhiqizo ngokubona kwakho okwamanje, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngabanye abalingiswa ngokuningiliziwe.
Pan
Uma ucabanga ukuthi manje ngizodalula imfihlo embi futhi ngikutshele ukuthi iyiphi i-pan elungele ukuthosa, kufanele ngikudumaze. Okokuqala, akukho ukuvumelana emphakathini wesayensi mayelana nalesi sici: abanye abantu bathi i-pan engcono kakhulu yokuthosa insimbi kagogo, abanye bakhetha i-pan yokuthosa elula nesimanje ene-non-stick coating. Okwesibili, amapani ahlukene okuthosa afaneleka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokuthosa: isibonelo, uma uzothosa inyama yenkomo, ipani elilodwa lokuthosa likulungele, kodwa uma uthosa ama-pancake e-zucchini, enye.*… Ngokuvamile, ipani elihle lokuthosa kufanele libe nalokhu okulandelayo:
- iphansi eliwugqinsi - ngokuhle ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kokushisa*;
- isikwele esikhulu - ukuze kuthoswe ukudla okwengeziwe ngesikhathi;
- isibambo ntofontofo - ngemva kokufaka i-pan emlilweni, ukukhwabanisa ngaleli thuluzi akupheli, futhi uma isibambo, isibonelo, sishisa ngokushesha, lokhu akukuhle kakhulu.
Kodwa ukugqoka okungeyona induku kuyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili. Yiqiniso, kulula, kodwa empeleni, awukudingi kaningi, futhi ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ukunamathela okunjalo kungagqashuka futhi kungene ekudleni, okungafuneki ngokuphelele.
Umthombo wokushisa
Okusho ukuthi, isitofu. Uma ungibuza ukuthi yini elungele ukuthosa, ngizophendula ngaphandle kokungabaza - emlilweni. Umlilo kulula ukuwulawula*, ishisa ngokushesha i-pan futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ngokubonakalayo inqubo. Angizange ngibhekane nabapheki bokungeniswa, kodwa uma ngiqonda kahle ukuthi basebenza kanjani, abapheki abanjalo bacishe bafane nabapheki begesi, noma kunjalo, akuwona wonke ama-pan yokuthosa angafakwa kuwo. Izitofu zikagesi zokuthosa azijwayelwanga kahle: zishisa kancane, ziphole kancane kakhulu, futhi uma i-pan i-arches ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa.*, lizoshisa ngokulingana. Okuxakayo ukuthi nginesitofu sikagesi ekhaya, ngakho ngiyazi ukuthi ngikhuluma ngani.
Amafutha
Umlingiswa wesithathu, ngaphandle kwakhe ukusebenza okungeke kuqale, kungamafutha. Izimangalo zamahemuhemu adumile (nabathengisi bayakunanela ngenjabulo) ukuthi ungakwazi ukuthosa emapanini angagxili ngaphandle kokwengeza amafutha nhlobo - kodwa uma ufuna ukuthi lokhu kugcotshwa kungaqedi ngemuva kokusetshenziswa okuningi, ngisho nasepanini elinjalo kungaba okulungile kakhulu. gazinga ngamaconsi ambalwa kawoyela ... Kokunye, ngeke ngishaye ihlathi: ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ngabhala isihloko Imaphi amafutha okufanele ngithose ngawo?, lapho ngihlaziye izinketho nezinhlanganisela ezahlukene futhi ngakhipha, ngokubona kwami, ekahle.
Temperature
Ngokuqonda kwami, ukuthosa okulungile yilokho ukuthosa lapho konke okwenzeka epanini kungaphansi kokulawula kwethu okuphelele, futhi njengoba kuwumbuzo wokwelapha ukushisa, ukulawula izinga lokushisa kuya phambili. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi asiyidingi i-thermometer namathebula e-Bradis - amaphuzu okushisa angu-3 abalulekile lapho uthosa, futhi kulula ukuwabona ngokubukeka:
- amanzi abilayo - okuzenzakalelayo 100 degrees Celsius*… Amanzi aqukethwe kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo, futhi lapho ethintana namafutha, aqala ukugqama kuwo. Uma amafutha eshiswa ngaphezu kwendawo yokubilisa yamanzi, ayahwamuka ngokushesha futhi awaphazamisi inqubo yokuthosa. Uma amafutha eshiswa ekushiseni okungaphansi kwama-degree angu-100*, amanzi ngeke ahwamuke, futhi umkhiqizo ngeke uthoswe, kodwa ugaywe engxubeni yamafutha apholile kanye namajusi awo.
- Izinga lokushisa lokusabela kwe-Maillard - izinga lokushisa lapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuqala khona phakathi kwama-amino acid noshukela oqukethwe emkhiqizo, okubangela ukwakheka kwalolo qweqwe olusagolide kakhulu. Lokhu kusabela, okwachazwa ngo-1912 ngumFulentshi uLouis-Camille Maillard, kuqala emazingeni okushisa angama-140-165 degrees Celsius. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uthosa ukudla emafutheni ashiswe ngamadigri angu-130, azobe ethosiwe, hhayi isitshulu, kodwa ngeke uthole uqweqwe.
- uwoyela intuthu iphuzu - izinga lokushisa lapho uwoyela eqala khona ukubhema kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokuthi ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali sekuqalile ukushintsha, futhi ama-carcinogens aseqalile ukwakha kuwo. Ukuthosa emafutheni ashiswe kulokhu kushisa akukhuthazwa*.
Njengoba ubona, uwoyela obanda kakhulu mubi, oshisa kakhulu nawo awubi, futhi wukufuna le ncazelo yegolide okuphenduka isithiyo esikhulu kwabaqalayo abangakafundi ukuthosa kahle.
Practice
Masiqhubekele ohlangothini olusebenzayo lokuthosa, ngefomethi yempendulo yemibuzo.
Ungeze nini amafutha - ku-skillet ebandayo noma ku-preheated? Ngokombono, inketho yesibili ilungile kakhulu, kodwa uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ungakwazi ukuthwebula ngokunembile isikhathi esifanele ngaphandle kokushisa epanini, ukushisa amafutha kanye nepani. Ungahlola izinga lokushisa layo ngezindlela zakudala - ngokubeka intende yesandla sakho amasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka ebusweni bamafutha.* noma ukuchaphaza emafutheni ngamaconsi ambalwa amanzi: uma egoqa, gijima futhi ahwamuke ngokushesha, ungaqala ukuthosa.
Kuthiwani uma amafutha eshisa futhi eqala ukubhema? Susa i-skillet ekushiseni* futhi uyisonte ngobumnene ukuze upholise amafutha ngokushesha. Uma amafutha eqhubeka nokubhema futhi abe mnyama, kungcono ukuwathulula, usule i-pan, bese uqala kabusha.
Kuthiwani uma ukudla kwengezwa emafutheni ngokushesha futhi kungafuni ukuthosa? Kuyenzeka. Phakamisa ukushisa kancane futhi ushiye ukudla yedwa. Maduze uzozwa umsindo ohlabayo - isibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuthi amafutha afudumale futhi amanzi aseqalile ukuhwamuka. Ngokushesha lapho ama-juice akwazi ukukhulula imikhiqizo ehwamuka, azoqala ukuthosa, futhi ngemva kwalokho angaphendulwa futhi aqhubeke nokuthosa njengenjwayelo.
Kuthiwani uma kunemikhiqizo eminingi kakhulu? Fry ngezigaba eziningana. Isincomo esijwayelekile ukubeka imikhiqizo epanini ukuze ingathintani: kulokhu, akukho lutho oluzovimbela ama-juice akhishwe yibo ukuba aqhume ngokukhululekile.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ukudla kunamathela epanini? Futhi lokhu kwenzeka - futhi kaningi kunalokho esingathanda. Qhubeka ukuthosa futhi, ubambe i-pan ngesibambo, uyihambise phambili naphambili. Ngemuva komzuzu noma emibili, lapho uqweqwe lwakhiwe, umkhiqizo uzokhipha epanini ngokwawo.
Ngikuvimba kanjani ukudla ukuthi kungashi ngaphandle kokunamathiswa okunganamathi? Indlela echazwe ngenhla isebenza cishe ngokungenasici - kodwa, isibonelo, ukuthosa izinhlanzi epanini ngaphandle kokugqoka okungenayo induku ukuze isikhumba singanamatheli phansi epanini kunzima kakhulu. Kulesi simo, usike umbuthano ephepheni lesikhumba, uwubeke phansi epanini, futhi gazinga kuso.*.
Uma usenemibuzo mayelana nendlela yokufunda ukuthosa kahle, babuze kumazwana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu angathini, ukuthosa kusetshenziswa kaningi kunokusho, ukuthungatha, futhi wonke umuntu kufanele abe naleli khono.