NgoFebhuwari 2018, lapho i-rocket ye-Falcon Heavy ka-Elon Musk ishiya phansi, ishiya umkhondo wentuthu ngemuva kwayo, yayithwele umthwalo ongajwayelekile. Esikhundleni semishini noma ithimba losomkhathi, isikhulu se-SpaceX u-Elon Musk ulayishe imoto kuyo - imoto yakhe yomuntu siqu, i-Tesla Roadster ebomvu. Isihlalo somshayeli sithathwe yi-mannequin egqoke isudu yasemkhathini.
Kodwa umthwalo ongavamile nakakhulu wawusegunjini lamagilavu. Lapho, engafi kudiski ye-quartz, kukhona uchungechunge lwamanoveli ka-Isaac Asimov's Foundation. Ihlezi embusweni we-galactic owawa kusukela esikhathini esizayo esikude, le saga ye-sci-fi yavusa isithakazelo sika-Musk ekuhambeni emkhathini lapho esemusha. Manje izozungeza isistimu yethu sonozungezilanga iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-10 ezayo.
Anjalo amandla ezincwadi. Kusukela ku-software eqanjiwe ethi “Earth” enovelini ka-Neil Stevenson ethi Avalanche eyamemezela ukudalwa kwe-Google Earth, kuya endabeni emfushane emayelana namafoni ahlakaniphile amemezela ukudalwa kwe-inthanethi, ukufunda kutshale imbewu yemibono emiqondweni yabasunguli abaningi. Ngisho nowayenguMengameli waseMelika uMnuz Barack Obama uthi ukufunda kumvule amehlo ukuthi ungubani nokuthi ukholelwa kuphi.
Kodwa ngisho noma ungenazo izifiso ezinkulu, ukufunda izincwadi kungase kuqale umsebenzi wakho. Lo mkhuba ufakazelwe ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho, ngisho nokwandisa uzwela. Futhi lokho akusaphathwa ngezinzuzo ezisobala zalo lonke ulwazi ongaluthola emakhasini ezincwadi.
Ngakho-ke yiziphi izinzuzo zokufunda futhi ujoyina kanjani iklabhu ekhethekile yabantu abafunda izincwadi okungenani ihora ngosuku?
Ukufunda kuyindlela yozwela
Ingabe usunamakhono ozwela? Nakuba izwe lezamabhizinisi ngokwesiko liye labeka ubuhlakani bomzwelo ezintweni ezinjengokuzethemba nekhono lokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile, eminyakeni yamuva nje, uzwela luye lwabonakala ngokwandayo njengekhono elibalulekile. Ngokocwaningo lwango-2016 ngokubonisana nenkampani iDevelopment Dimensions International, abaholi abanolwazi lokuzwelana bavame ukudlula abanye ngama-40%.
Emuva ngo-2013, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezenhlalakahle uDavid Kidd wayecabanga ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa amakhono ozwela. Uthi: “Ngangicabanga ukuthi izinganekwane ziyinto esivumela ukuthi sihlanganyele njalo nezinto eziyingqayizivele zabanye abantu.
Ehlangene nozakwabo eSikoleni Esisha Socwaningo Lwezenhlalakahle eDolobheni laseNew York, u-Kidd waqala ukuthola ukuthi ukufunda kungathuthukisa yini lokho okubizwa ngokuthi inkolelo-mbono yengqondo - okuyinto, ngokuvamile, ikhono lokuqonda ukuthi abanye abantu banemicabango futhi izifiso nokuthi zihluke kwezethu. . Lokhu akufani nokuzwelana, kodwa kokubili kucatshangwa ukuthi kuhlobene eduze.
Ukuze bathole lokhu, bacele abahlanganyeli bocwaningo ukuthi bafunde izingcaphuno zezincwadi eziqanjiwe eziwine imiklomelo njenge-Great Expectations kaCharles Dickens noma “imisebenzi yohlobo” edumile efana nemidlalo ethokozisayo yobugebengu namanoveli othando. Abanye bacelwa ukuthi bafunde incwadi engeyona eqanjiwe noma bangayifundi nhlobo. Kwabe sekwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kube khona yini uguquko kuthiyori yokucabanga yabahlanganyeli.
Umqondo wawuwukuthi umsebenzi omuhle ngempela, owamukelwe kahle wethula izwe labalingiswa abangokoqobo, izingqondo zabo umfundi angabheka kuzo, njengendawo yokuqeqesha ukuze acije ikhono lokuqonda abanye abantu.
Amasampula ezincwadi zohlobo olukhethiwe, ngokuphambene nalokho, awazange avunyelwe abagxeki. Abacwaningi bakhethe ngokukhethekile imisebenzi kulesi sigaba ehlanganisa izinhlamvu eziningi eziyisicaba ezisebenza ngezindlela ezingabikezelwa.
Imiphumela ibimangalisa: abafundi bezinganekwane ezihlonishwe ngokugxekayo bathole amamaki aphezulu kuzo zonke izivivinyo—ngokungafani nalabo abafunda uhlobo lwezinganekwane, izinganekwane, noma lutho nhlobo. Futhi nakuba abacwaningi bengakwazanga ukukhomba ngqo ukuthi le thiyori ethuthukisiwe yokucabanga ingase isebenze kanjani emhlabeni wangempela, u-Kidd uthi kungenzeka ukuthi labo abafunda njalo bazohlakulela uzwela. “Abantu abaningi abayiqondayo indlela abanye abantu abazizwa ngayo bazosebenzisa lolo lwazi ngendlela ehambisana nenhlalo,” ephetha.
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ikhono lakho lokuxhumana nozakwenu nabangaphansi, uzwela lungaholela emihlanganweni ekhiqizayo kanye nokusebenzisana. “Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi abantu bavamise ukukhiqiza kakhulu emaqenjini lapho bekhululekile khona ukungaboni ngaso linye, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinto zokuqamba. Ngicabanga ukuthi kunjalo lapho ukwanda kokuzwela kanye nentshisekelo kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abantu kungaba wusizo ohlelweni lomsebenzi,” kusho uKidd.
Amathiphu avela kubafundi abashisekayo
Ngakho-ke, njengoba usuzibonile izinzuzo zokufunda, cabanga ngalokhu: Ngokwenhlolovo yango-2017 eyenziwe ngumlawuli wezindaba waseBrithani u-Ofcom, abantu bachitha ngokwesilinganiso cishe amahora ama-2 nemizuzu engama-49 ngosuku ocingweni lwabo. Ukuze ufunde ngisho nehora ngosuku, abantu abaningi badinga nje ukunciphisa isikhathi ababuka isikrini ngengxenye yesithathu.
Nanka amanye amacebiso avela kubantu abakwazi ngokuziqhenya nangaphandle konembeza abancane ukuzibiza ngokuthi “ngabafundi abashisekayo.”
1) Funda ngoba ufuna
UChristina Cipurici wafunda ukufunda eneminyaka engu-4. Lapho lolu thando olusha lumbamba, wafunda ngokuzimisela zonke izincwadi azithola ekhaya. Kodwa-ke kukhona okungahambanga kahle. “Lapho ngifunda esikoleni samabanga aphansi, ukufunda kwaba impoqo. Yangicika into uthisha wethu ayesenze yona, yangenza ngangakwazi ukufunda izincwadi,” usho kanje.
Lokhu kuzondwa kwezincwadi kwaqhubeka waze waba neminyaka engu-20 ubudala, lapho uChipurichi eqala ukubona kancane kancane ukuthi wayephuthelwe kangakanani - nokuthi abantu ababefunda base behambe ibanga elingakanani, kanye nolwazi olubaluleke kangakanani ezincwadini olungashintsha umsebenzi wakhe.
Wafunda ukuthanda ukufunda futhi futhi wagcina esesungule i-CEO's Library, isizindalwazi esimayelana nezincwadi ezilolonge imisebenzi yabantu abaphumelele kakhulu emhlabeni, kusukela kubabhali kuya kosopolitiki kuya kwezingqwele zokutshala izimali.
“Ziningi izici ezangiholela kulolu shintsho: abeluleki bami; isinqumo sokutshala imali esifundweni se-inthanethi lapho ngathola khona uhlelo olusha lwezemfundo; ukufunda izindatshana kubhulogi likaRyan Holiday (ubhale izincwadi ezimbalwa ezikhuluma ngesiko lokumaketha futhi eke waba umqondisi wezokumaketha womkhiqizo wemfashini i-American Apparel), lapho ehlala ekhuluma ngokuthi izincwadi zimsize kanjani; futhi, mhlawumbe, nezinye izinto eziningi engingazi nakwazi ngazo.”
Uma kunendlela yokuziphatha kule ndaba, nansi-ke: funda ngoba ufuna - futhi ungalokothi uvumele le nto yokuzilibazisa ibe umsebenzi.
2) Thola ifomethi “yakho” yokufunda
Isithombe esifushane somfundi oshisekayo siwumuntu ongaziyeki izincwadi ezinyathelisiwe futhi olwela ukufunda izinhlelo zokuqala kuphela, njengokungathi ziyizinto zakudala eziyigugu. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele kube njalo.
“Ngigibela ibhasi amahora amabili ngosuku, futhi lapho nginesikhathi esiningi sokufunda,” kusho uKidd. Lapho eya futhi ebuya emsebenzini, kuba lula kakhulu kuye ukufunda izincwadi ezibhalwe nge-elekthronikhi - isibonelo, esikrinini sefoni. Futhi lapho ethatha okungezona izinganekwane, okungelula ukuyiqonda, ukhetha ukulalela izincwadi ezilalelwayo.
3) Ungabeki imigomo engenakwenzeka
Ukulingisa abantu abaphumelele kukho konke akuwona umsebenzi olula. Abanye babo bafunda izincwadi eziyikhulu minyaka yonke; abanye bavuka ngovivi bafunde izincwadi ekuseni ngaphambi kokuqala kosuku lokusebenza. Kodwa akudingekile ukuba ulandele isibonelo sabo.
U-Andra Zakharia ungummakethi ozimele, umsingathi we-podcast kanye nomfundi okhuthele. Iseluleko sakhe esiyinhloko siwukugwema amathemba aphezulu kanye nemigomo ethusayo. “Ngicabanga ukuthi uma ufuna ukuba nomkhuba wokufunda nsuku zonke, udinga ukuqala kancane,” kusho yena. Esikhundleni sokuzibekela umgomo ofana “nokufunda izincwadi ezingama-60 ngonyaka,” uZakariya uphakamisa ukuthi uqale ngokucela izincomo zencwadi kubangani futhi ufunde amakhasi ambalwa kuphela ngosuku.
4) Sebenzisa "Umthetho wama-50"
Lo mthetho uzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi uyilahla nini incwadi. Mhlawumbe uvame ukwenqaba ngesihluku ukufunda vele ekhasini lesine, noma ngokuphambene nalokho - awukwazi ukuvele uvale ivolumu enkulu ongafuni nokuyibona? Zama ukufunda amakhasi angama-50 bese unquma ukuthi ukufunda le ncwadi kuzoba intokozo yini kuwe. Uma kungenjalo, yilahle.
Leli su lasungulwa umlobi, isisebenzi sasemtatsheni wezincwadi kanye nomhlaziyi wemibhalo uNancy Pearl futhi lachazwa encwadini yakhe ethi The Thirst for Books. Ekuqaleni uphakamise leli su kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50: kufanele basuse iminyaka yabo isuka kweyi-100, futhi inombolo ewumphumela iyinani lamakhasi okufanele bawafunde. Njengoba uPearl esho, njengoba ukhula, impilo iba mfishane kakhulu ukuthi ungakwazi ukufunda izincwadi ezimbi.
Yilokho kuphela okukhona kukho! Ukubeka ifoni yakho kude okungenani ihora bese uthatha incwadi esikhundleni sokuqiniseka ukuthi kuzothuthukisa uzwela lwakho nokukhiqiza. Uma abantu abamatasa kakhulu nabaphumelele kakhulu emhlabeni bengakwenza, nawe ungakwenza.
Cabanga nje ukuthi kungakanani okusha okutholakele nolwazi okulindelwe! Futhi yeka ugqozi! Mhlawumbe uyoze uthole amandla kuwena ukuvula ibhizinisi lakho isikhala?