Engxenyeni yekhulu leminyaka edlule, amahlathi ayemboze ingxenye enkulu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Kodwa ngokushesha konke kwashintsha. Amakhulu eminyaka ezimpi nokuhlasela, ukwanda kwezolimo nokugawulwa kwemithi ukuze kumayini amalahle nokuthuthwa kwemikhumbi kuye kwacekela phansi ingxenye enkulu yehlathi futhi kwashintsha izindawo ezinjengeMatamorisca, idolobhana elisenyakatho yeSpain, zaba izindawo eziwohlokayo.
Isimo sezulu esomile kanye nenhlabathi enciphile ayihambisani nokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, kodwa kuLand Life, inkampani ezinze e-Amsterdam, lena indawo ekahle. “Ngokujwayelekile sisebenza lapho imvelo ingeke ibuye yodwa. Siya lapho izimo zinzima kakhulu uma kubhekwa isimo sezulu, kunehlobo elinesiphepho noma elishisa kakhulu,” kusho uJurian Rice, oyi-CEO yakwaLand Life.
Le nkampani embozwe idivayisi yayo yobunikazi engamahektha ayi-17 angenalutho e-Matamoriska, ephethwe nguhulumeni wesifunda. Ithuluzi, elibizwa ngokuthi i-Cocoon, libukeka njengedonathi elikhulu lekhadibhodi elikwazi ukubola elingabamba amalitha angu-25 amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze lisize izithombo onyakeni wazo wokuqala. Cishe izihlahla ze-oki eziyi-16, umlotha, i-walnut kanye ne-rowan zatshalwa ngoMeyi 000. Le nkampani ibika ukuthi i-2018% yazo yasinda ehlobo elishisayo lalo nyaka ngaphandle kokunisela okwengeziwe, idlula ingqophamlando esihlahleni esincane.
“Ingabe imvelo iyazibuyela? Kungenzeka. Kepha kungathatha amashumi eminyaka noma amakhulu eminyaka, ngakho siyasheshisa le nqubo, ”kusho u-Arnout Asyes, oyiChief Technology Officer kwaLand Life, owengamele ukuhlanganiswa kwezithombe ze-drone nesathelayithi, ukuhlaziya idatha enkulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi, amathegi e-QR, kanye ne- Okuningi. .
Inkampani yakhe ingaphansi kwenhlangano yomhlaba wonke yezinhlangano ezizama ukusindisa izindawo ezisengozini noma ezigawuliwe amahlathi kusukela ezindaweni eziphansi ezishisayo kuya emagqumeni asomile ezindaweni ezipholile. Ekhuthazwa ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, la maqembu aqhubekela phambili endleleni eya ekutshalweni kabusha kwamahlathi. “Lesi akusona isiphakamiso sethiyori. Kudingeka izikhuthazo ezifanele, ababambiqhaza abafanele, ukuhlaziywa okufanele kanye nemali eyanele yokukwenza,” kusho uWalter Vergara, uchwepheshe wamahlathi nesimo sezulu e-World Resources Institute (WRI).
Ukuthi lezi zici zihlangana kanjani eduze kwephrojekthi ethile nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusindisa amahlathi agawuliwe kuncike ekutheni hlobo luni lwe-ecosystem onayo engqondweni. Amahlathi esibili e-Amazon ahlukile kuphayini waseTexas avela kabusha emililo yequbula noma amahlathi e-boreal ahlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yeSweden. Icala ngalinye licabangela izizathu zalo zokuqalisa izinhlelo zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi futhi icala ngalinye linezidingo zalo eziqondile. Ezimweni ezomile ezizungeze i-Matamoriska kanye nezindawo ezifanayo e-Spain, i-Land Life ikhathazekile ngogwadule olusheshayo. Njengoba kugxilwe ekubuyiselweni kwe-ecosystem, basebenzisana nezinhlangano ezingalindele ukubuyiselwa imali yazo.
Cishe ngo-2015 amahektha atshalwe kabusha emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-600, kanti amanye amahektha ayi-1100 ahlelelwe kulo nyaka, isifiso senkampani sihambisana neBonn Challenge, umzamo womhlaba wonke wokubuyisela umhlaba ongamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-150 ogayiwe futhi osengozini ngo-2020. ubukhulu be-Iran noma iMongolia. Ngo-2030, kuhlelwe ukuthi kufinyelele kumahektha ayizigidi ezingama-350 - umhlaba ongama-20% ngaphezu kweNdiya.
Le migomo ihlanganisa kokubili ukubuyisela izindawo zamahlathi ezilahlekelwe ukuminyana noma ezibukeka zibuthakathaka kancane, nokubuyisela ukumboza kwamahlathi ezindaweni lapho enyamalale khona ngokuphelele. Lo mgomo womhlaba wonke wehlisiwe futhi wakheke e-Latin America njengohlelo lwe-20×20 lokunikela emgomweni ophelele wamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-20 ngokwenza kusebenze amaphrojekthi amancane naphakathi nendawo ngokwesekwa ohulumeni.
Ngokungafani ne-Land Life Company, le phrojekthi yesifunda yonke ihlinzeka ngendaba yezomnotho neyebhizinisi yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, noma ngabe ayabuyiselwa ukuze kulondolozwe ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. “Kumele uthole imali yezinkampani ezizimele. Futhi le mali idinga ukubona inzuzo ekutshalweni kwayo, ”kusho uWalter Vergara. Ucwaningo alwenzile lubikezela ukuthi iLatin America izobona inani elilinganiselwe lamanje elilinganiselwa ku-$23 billion esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-50 uma lifinyelela umgomo walo.
Imali ingavela ekuthengisweni kwezinkuni emahlathini aphethwe ngendlela eqhubekayo, noma ekuvuneni “imikhiqizo engeyona yezingodo” njengamantongomane, amafutha nezithelo ezihlahleni. Ungacabangela ukuthi ingakanani i-carbon dioxide ihlathi lakho elimunca futhi udayisele amakhredithi ekhabhoni ezinkampanini ezifuna ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwazo. Noma ungase ukhulise ihlathi ngethemba lokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zizoheha abavakashi bemvelo abazokhokhela indawo yokuhlala, ukuvakasha kwezinyoni nokudla.
Nokho, laba baxhasi abayona inhloko-dolobha enkulu. Imali yohlelo lwe-20×20 ivela ngokuyinhloko ezikhungweni zezezimali ezinemigomo emithathu: imbuyiselo encane ekutshaleni kwazo, izinzuzo zemvelo, kanye nezinzuzo zomphakathi ezaziwa ngokuthi utshalomali oluguqula umphakathi.
Isibonelo, omunye wozakwethu abangama-20×20 yisikhwama saseJalimane i-12Tree. Batshale izigidi ezingu-US$9,5 eCuango, indawo engamahekthare angu-1,455 ogwini lwase-Panama e-Caribbean ehlanganisa ipulazi le-cocoa elithengiswayo nokuvunwa kwezinkuni ehlathini lesibili eliphethwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ngemali yabo, baphinde bathenga kabusha indawo eyayiyipulazi lezinkomo, bahlinzeka ngemisebenzi esezingeni eliphezulu emiphakathini ezungezile, futhi baphinde babuyisela imali ababeyitshalile.
Ngisho nasendaweni eyagawulwa emashumini eminyaka edlule futhi manje esetshenziswa abalimi, ezinye izitshalo zingahlala ndawonye namahlathi uma kutholakala ukulingana okufanele. Iphrojekthi yomhlaba wonke ebizwa ngokuthi i-Breedcafs icwaninga ngendlela izihlahla eziziphatha ngayo emapulazini ekhofi ngethemba lokuthola izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikwazi ukukhula ngaphansi komthunzi we-canopy. Ikhofi limila ngokwemvelo emahlathini anjalo, liphindaphindeke kangangokuthi isivuno sifinyelela ezimpandeni.
“Ngokubuyisela izihlahla endaweni, siba nomthelela omuhle emswakameni, emvuleni, ekongiweni kwenhlabathi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo,” kusho uchwepheshe wekhofi uBenoît Bertrand, ohola lo msebenzi e-French Centre for Agricultural Research for International Development (Cirad). U-Bertrand uhlaziya ukuthi yimaphi emashumini amakhofi afaneleka kangcono kulolu hlelo. Indlela efanayo ingasetshenziswa emazweni ane-cocoa, i-vanilla nezihlahla zezithelo.
Akuzona zonke iziqephu zomhlaba ezifanele ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi. Abalingani bakaWalter Vergar bafuna ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphephile, futhi ngisho ne-Land Life Company ilawula amaphrojekthi amakhulu kuphela emazweni asengozini encane njengeSpain, Mexico noma i-USA. "Sivame ukugwema ukusebenza ngezinga elikhulu ezingxenyeni zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi noma e-Afrika lapho kungekho khona ukuqhubeka," kusho uJurian Rice.
Kodwa endaweni efanele, mhlawumbe okudingayo nje yisikhathi. Enkabeni ye-Costa Rica e-Pacific Ocean, i-Baru National Wildlife Refuge engamahektha angu-330 ayifani nepulazi lezinkomo elahlala endaweni yalo kwaze kwaba ngu-1987, lapho u-Jack Ewing enquma ukuguqula le ndawo ibe indawo ye-ecotourism. Esikhundleni sokugxambukela, umngane wakhe wameluleka ukuba avumele imvelo ithathe indawo yayo.
Amadlelo angaphambili aseBaru manje asengamahlathi aluhlaza, anamahektha angaphezu kuka-150 ehlathi lesibili elibuyiselwe ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, izinkawu ze-Howler (uhlobo lwezinkawu ezinamakhala abanzi), ama-Scarlet Macaws kanye nama-cougars afudukayo abuyele endaweni yesiqiwu, okubambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwezokuvakasha kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-ecosystem. UJack Ewing, manje oneminyaka engu-75, uthi le mpumelelo ibangelwa amazwi omngane wakhe eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule: “ECosta Rica, lapho uyeka ukuzama ukulawula ihlathi elomile, ihlathi liyabuya ukuze liziphindiselele.”