I-Hepatitis ukuvuvukala kwesibindi isibindi, ngokuvamile okubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokudakwa ngokweqile, noma ubuthi bezidakamizwa noma amakhemikhali.

Izimpawu ziyehluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu futhi zincike kumbangela yesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis zibangela ukuba ingxenye yesibindi ibhujiswe ngaso leso sikhathi.

Iningi le-hepatitis lizixazulula ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kokushiya noma yimiphi imiphumela. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo siqhubeka izinyanga ezimbalwa. Uma ihlala ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisi-6, iyacatshangelwa okungapheliyo. Lapho isibindi silimele kakhulu, ukufakelwa kwalesi sitho kungase kube ukuphela kwesixazululo.

izinhlobo

I-Hepatitis ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezi-2 eziyinhloko:

• the i-hepatitis yegciwane, okubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Emazweni athuthukile, amagciwane e-hepatitis A, B kanye no-C abangela cishe u-90% wezifo ze-hepatitis ezinzima. Amagciwane e-Hepatitis D, E kanye no-G nawo anesibopho se-hepatitis.
• the i-non-viral hepatitis, ikakhulukazi okubangelwa ukungenwa kwemikhiqizo enobuthi esibindini (utshwala, amakhemikhali anobuthi, njll.). I-hepatitis engeyona igciwane ingase ibe umphumela wezifo ezithinta isibindi, njengesibindi esinamafutha (isibindi esinamafutha) kanye ne-autoimmune hepatitis (isifo sokusha kwesibindi sokuvuvukala esingapheli semvelaphi engaqondakali, ebonakala ngokukhiqizwa kwama-autoantibodies).

Imvamisa ye-hepatitis

ECanada,hepatitis C isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo lwegciwane esivame kakhulu: unyaka ngamunye, sihlasela abangaba ngu-45 kubantu abayikhulu¹. Ngokuqondene nesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B, sihlasela abantu baseCanada abangaba-3 kwabayi-100, kanye ne-hepatitis A, abangu-000 kwabangu-1,5.^1,42.

I-viral hepatitis ivame kakhulu phakathi amazwe angewona wezimboni. THE 'isifo sofuzo A idlangile e-Afrika, kwamanye amazwe eNingizimu Melika nase-Asia². Kunjalo nangesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Ngempela, emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara nase-Asia, lapho u-8% kuya ku-10% wabantu bengabathwali balesi sifo.I-hepatitis B, ingenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa kwabantu abadala (kusuka kumdlavuza wesibindi noma isifo sokuqina kwesibindi). Cishe u-3% wabantu emhlabeni wonke unaleli gciwanehepatitis C. E-Afrika, ukwanda kwalesi sifo kuphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni: kudlula u-5%⁴.

Iziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi zithwele kanzima ukulwa ne-viral hepatitis, yona ngokuvamile azinakwa iminyaka. Ngaphambi kokuxilongwa, ukutheleleka kungase kungagcini nje ngokudala umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni, kodwa futhi kusakazekele kwabanye abantu.

Izindlela zokufinyeza

• I-hepatitis A. Yisifo esibi kakhulu se-viral hepatitis. Ngokuvamile umzimba ulwa nayo emasontweni ambalwa futhi uhlala uvikelekile impilo yonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba alwa negciwane akhona, kodwa igciwane ngokwalo alisekho. Igciwane le-hepatitis A lisakazwa ngokungenisaamanzi orukudla okungcolisiwe. Ingatholakala esigqikini somuntu onegciwane futhi ingcolise ukudla, amanzi noma izandla zomunye umuntu. Ukudla okungaphekiwe noma okungaphekwa kahle yikhona okungenzeka kakhulu kokudlulisela isifo. Igciwane lingasakazwa futhi ngokudla kwasolwandle okuvunwa ezindaweni lapho kuchithwa khona indle engagezwanga. Ingozi yokutheleleka iphezulu emazweni anezimo zenhlanzeko ezimbi. Kula mazwe, cishe zonke izingane sezivele zinaleli gciwane. Umgomo uvikela kuwo.
• I-hepatitis B. Lolu uhlobo lwe-hepatitis kaningi emhlabeni, futhi futhi obulala kakhulu. Igciwane le-hepatitis B lisakazeka phakathi nesikhathi sex (isidoda nolunye uketshezi lomzimba luqukethe) futhi igazi. Ithelelana ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-50 kuya kweziyikhulu kunegciwane lengculaza³. Ukushintshanisa amasirinji angcolile kungabangela ukudluliselwa. Iningi labantu abanaleli gciwane liyakwazi ukulwa nalo ngokuphelele. Cishe u-5% usalokhu ungenwe yileli gciwane futhi kuthiwa “bangabathwali” baleli gciwane. Abathwali abanazo izimpawu, kodwa basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-cirrhosis yesibindi noma umdlavuza wesibindi, okuyizifo ezisongela ukuphila. Umama obelethile angadlulisela igciwane enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi ebeletha. Umuthi wokugoma unikezwe kusukela ngo-1982.
• hepatitis C. I-Hepatitis C iwuhlobo lwe-viral hepatitis ekhohlisa kakhulungoba ibangelwa igciwane elimelana kakhulu. Kuze kufike ku-80% wezifo zegciwane le-hepatitis C ziba okungapheliyo. Ukuhlonzwa kwalokhu kwakamuva kusanda kwenzeka: kusukela ngo-1989. Igciwane livame ukudluliselwa ngokuthintana ngqo ne igazi lomuntu elingcolile : ngokuyinhloko ngokushintshanisa imijovo esetshenziselwa ukujova izidakamizwa, ngokumpontshelwa igazi elingakahlolisiswa, nangokuphinda kusetshenziswe izinaliti nemijovo engahlanzekile. Kuyaqabukela, itholwa ngesikhathi socansi olungavikelekile nabantu abanaleli gciwane, ikakhulukazi uma kushintshaniswa igazi (ukuya esikhathini, ukulimala ezithweni zangasese noma ezingemuva). Yimbangela yokuqala yokufakelwa kwesibindi. Awukho umgomo wokuvikela kuwo.
• I-hepatitis enobuthi. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala noma ukuphuzwa kotshwala izidakamizwa. Ukungeniswa kwe amakhowe ezingadliwa, ukuchayeka ku imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali (emsebenzini, isibonelo) kanye nokungeniswa kwe imikhiqizo yezempilo yemvelo or izitshalo ezinobuthi ngoba isibindi (njengezitshalo zomndeni wakwa-Aristolochiaceae, ngenxa ye-aristolochic acid equkethe, kanye ne-comfrey, ngenxa ye-pyrrolizidines equkethe) ingabangela i-hepatitis enobuthi. Ngokuya ngento engenisiwe, i-hepatitis enobuthi ingakhula amahora, izinsuku noma izinyanga ngemuva kokuchayeka. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ziyehla lapho umuntu eyeka ukuchayeka entweni eyingozi. Kodwa-ke, umuntu angalimala unomphela esibindini futhi ahlupheke, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa ye-cirrhosis.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

I-Hepatitis engatholakali ngesikhathi noma engelashwa kahle ingaholela ezinkingeni ezimbi kakhulu.

• Isifo sokusha kwesibindi. Lena inkinga evame kakhulu. I-Hepatitis kuthiwa ayipheli uma ingelapheki ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisi-6. Ezimweni ezingu-75%, kuwumphumela wesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B noma i-C. Isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo esingelapheki esilashwa ngokwanele ngokuvamile siyelapheka phakathi nonyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu.
• I-cirrhosis. I-Cirrhosis ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile "kwezibazi" esibindini, ezakhiwe ngenxa yokuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe (ngobuthi, ngamagciwane, njll.). Lezi “zithiyo ezine-fibrous” zigcina zivimbela ukugeleza kwegazi ngokukhululekile esithweni. Amaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-25 esifo sokusha kwesibindi esingapheli aqhubekela ku-cirrhosis uma ukwelashwa kungasebenzi ngokugcwele noma uma kungalandelwa kahle.
• Umdlavuza wesibindi. Kuyinkinga enkulu ye-cirrhosis. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umdlavuza wesibindi ungase futhi ubangele umdlavuza otholakala kwesinye isitho esisakazeka esibindi nge-metastasis. I-Hepatitis B no-C, kanye ne-hepatitis enobuthi ebangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqileutshwala kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi bathuthukele kumdlavuza.
• I-hepatitis engapheli. Isifo sokusha kwesibindi esingapheli esingavamile kakhulu sibonakala ngokwehluleka okukhulu kwesibindi, esingasakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yaso. Ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwezicubu zesibindi kwenzeka futhi ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba kuyadingeka. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abane-hepatitis B noma i-hepatitis enobuthi. Cishe kumuntu oyedwa kwaba-1, kuyabulala esikhathini esifushane.