Uphahla lwe-Grand Line nezitebhisi zodonga - imiyalelo yokufaka izitebhisi zophahla

Lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi wokufulela noma ukulungiswa kuhlelwa, ukugcinwa kophahla lwanoma yisiphi isakhiwo (ngisho nezakhiwo eziphakeme eziphansi), izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ezizovumela abalungisi ukuba bahambe emithambekeni. Ngezinye izikhathi amakhosi enqaba izinhlelo ezinjalo, kodwa kwezinye izimo lokhu kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ngemithetho yokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuhlomisa indlu, i-cottage noma esinye isakhiwo esinodonga nezitebhisi zophahla. Ziwusizo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwama-chimneys, ama-drain.

Namuhla, kuthengiswa, kufaka phakathi esitolo seGrand Line, kukhona ukukhethwa okukhulu kwemiklamo enjalo. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ukuthi yiziphi izitebhisi zophahla nama-facade, futhi sijwayelane nezici, ama-nuances wokufaka.

Izitebhisi zophahla

Uma udinga ukukhuphukela ophahleni, uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwedivayisi luzodingeka ukuze uhambe phezulu. Yebo, ungazama ukuhambisa ngqo kuthayela wensimbi. Kodwa lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho kunomswakama ophezulu noma phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, lapho yonke into ezungezile imbozwe ungqimba olushelelayo lweqhwa neqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphahla lungamane lulimale. Ezinye izinhlobo zokufulela azikwazi ukusekela ngisho nesisindo somuntu. Isixazululo esinekhono kakhulu kule nkinga ukufakwa kwesitebhisi esikhethekile.

Izakhiwo zokuphakamisa ophahleni zinamathele ngokuphephile phezulu, azinyakazi, aziboli, azilahlekelwa ukubukeka kwazo okukhangayo isikhathi eside. Uzozizwa ukhululekile futhi uphephe ngokuphelele ukuya phezulu noma phansi kuwo.

Ukuba khona kwemodeli yezitebhisi zokuphahla endlini kwenza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene:

• Ukufakwa kwezinti, izintambo.
• Ukuhlolwa kophahla.
• Ukuhlanza ushimula.
• Ukuhlolwa, ukugcinwa kwama-skylights.
• Ukugcinwa kwengxenye engaphandle yohlelo lokudonsa amanzi.
• Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokugqoka.

Siphinde sinikeze izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa izakhiwo:

• Ukuphakamisa okuphephile nokuhamba ophahleni.
• Yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yokuphuma esimweni esiphuthumayo.
• Induduzo lapho usebenza ngamathayili ensimbi nezinye izinto.
• Umhlobiso wendlu ngokwayo kanye nayo yonke indawo ye-suburban. Amamodeli anamuhla ahluke kakhulu. Abathengi bazokwazi ukukhetha inketho yanoma yisiphi isitayela, uhlelo lombala.

izinhlobo

Zonke izitebhisi ezisetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukene zokwakha uphahla, kanye nangesikhathi sokusebenza, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezine:

• I-attic noma i-mansard. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukukhuphuka phezulu kophahla kusuka endlini. Okusho ukuthi, ingaphakathi endlini. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo yizinkuni, insimbi. Ukwenza idivayisi igcineke kalula, ivamise ukwenziwa ukuthi igoqeke noma igoqeke. Amanye amamodeli ahambisana ne-hatch esebenzayo.
• I-facade noma udonga. Idizayinelwe ukuthi iphakanyiswe kuvulandi, ithala noma phansi.
• wamiswa. Igibele emithambekeni. Amamodeli anamuhla ayizinhlelo ze-modular eziboshelwe komunye nomunye. Izakhiwo ezigxotshiwe zikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ngokuphepha noma iyiphi ingxenye yethayili ngaphandle kokuyilimaza.
• Isimo esiphuthumayo noma umlilo. Zifakwe ezakhiweni lapho ukuphakama kwamafasitela kudlula i-3,5 m. Inhloso yalezi zitebhisi ophahleni ukuhlinzeka ngezimo eziphephile zokuphuma uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, isibonelo, uma kwenzeka umlilo lapho ukuphuma kuvinjiwe. Amamodeli ezimo eziphuthumayo aklanywe ngokucabangela izidingo eziqinile mayelana namandla nokuthembeka kwedivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kungenziwa kuphela izinkampani ezikhethekile. Izakhiwo zomlilo azivamile ukutholakala ekwakhiweni kwezindlu ezizimele. Ngokuvamile zingabonakala ezakhiweni ezinezitezi eziningi, lapho, isibonelo, amahhovisi, izikhungo zemfundo zitholakala.

Futhi, izakhiwo zesitebhisi zihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kwinhloso yokusebenza:

• Portable. Baqinisekisa isikhundla esizinzile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwama-tile, ukufakwa kwama-doborniks, ukuxhumana.
• umile. Banikeza ithuba ngokuphepha, ngokukhululekile ukuya ophahleni ngesikhathi sokulungisa noma izinyathelo zokuvimbela.

Izici zokudizayina

Izitebhisi zokufulela ngokuvamile zenziwe nge-aluminium, insimbi, kancane kancane ngokhuni. Ungathola futhi izinketho ezihlanganisiwe, ezihlanganisa izisekelo eziningana. Ngenxa yekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yezinto zokwakha, izici ezinhle kakhulu, imikhiqizo ayikho ngaphansi kokubola nokubi. Amamodeli anamuhla ambozwe ngesendlalelo esikhethekile se-polymer esiqeda ukugqwala.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, umshini unamathiselwe ezakhiweni ezikhethekile zefreyimu, ezithinta kahle ukuthembeka kwazo zonke izinto zokusebenza futhi zinciphise izimo eziphuthumayo. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, amaladi okukhuphukela ophahleni awanyakazi, anikeze ukunyakaza okuphephile, okunethezekile kuyo yonke indawo.

Isisetshenziswa

Amamodeli ophahla ngokuvamile anezigaba ezihlukene nabakaki abasebenza njengezixhumi. Isakhiwo esikhethekile sabakaki sikuvumela ukuthi uwafake kunoma iyiphi into ngaphandle kokuphula ukuqina nobuqotho be-canvas.

Isethi ejwayelekile ephelele ithatha isethi kusuka odongeni kanye nezingxenye zokuphahla. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zihambisana ngokungenaphutha nezinkambiso nezindinganiso, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ephuthumayo neyomlilo. Lapho ukhetha imodeli, nikeza okuthandayo emikhiqizweni ene-coating yokusiza. Ngokuvamile banemithungo eyirabha ekwazi ukumelana nokushelela.

Izinyathelo zokufaka

Esitolo se-inthanethi sezinto zokwakha iGrand Line ungathenga amamodeli ahlukene ezitebhisi. Iningi labo linohlelo olulula lokufaka, olungasingathwa ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kochwepheshe. Into esemqoka ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Cabangela izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokufaka:

1. Ukulungiswa kwazo zonke izici zomdlalo wesikhathi esizayo.
2. Ukunqunywa kwesakhiwo sabakaki. Okokuqala chaza okwedlulele, bese emva kwalokho izakhi ezijwayelekile.
3. Ukufakwa kwamabakaki anamabhawudi, ama-ladder racks.
4. Isethi yokwakhiwa kwezigaba, ngokusekelwe kubukhulu berempu.
5. Ukufakwa endaweni ephahleni - ukufakwa kwama-handrails, ukukhethwa kwamahange ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezikhethiwe.

Phakathi nenqubo yokufaka, udinga ukucabangela imithetho ethile ezokwenza isakhiwo sithembeke futhi siqine ngangokunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, ukuvimbela ukuvuza, ezindaweni lapho ama-fasteners afakwe khona, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kwe-sealant.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa, nquma ubude besakhiwo ngokunembile. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukunquma ngaphambi kokuthi ukufakwa kuqale. Lokhu kuzokusindisa ezinkingeni ezengeziwe ngesikhathi somsebenzi ekuphakameni.

I-facade (udonga) izitebhisi

Noma yisiphi isakhiwo, isakhiwo sinophahla oludinga ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa njalo. Uma sikhuluma ngendlu yangasese, khona-ke umninikhaya kufanele akhuphukele ophahleni ukuze asuse amahlamvu, alungise i-antenna, iqhwa elihlanzekile noma ipayipi, futhi enze ukulungiswa okuncane. Yonke le misebenzi kufanele yenziwe njalo. Uma kungenjalo, izinga lokugqoka lizokhula, okungaholela ekuqhekekeni okuphawulekayo namaphutha. Futhi lokhu kuzodinga ukulungiswa okubizayo noma ukulungiswa okuphelele kokugqoka. Enye yezindlela zokuzisindisa kulezi zinkinga futhi usize ukunakekelwa kwekhaya uku-oda izitebhisi eziya ku-facade. Igxunyekwe ngaphandle odongeni oluthwala imithwalo yesakhiwo futhi yakhelwe ukuthi iphakanyiswe futhi igudluzwe ophahleni.

Design

Wonke ama-nuances ezitebhisi eziqondile alawulwa yizinga lombuso. Ikhwalithi, umkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe kufanele uqinisekise:

• Ukufinyelela okuphephile phezulu kwesakhiwo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kwengozi empilweni nasempilweni.
• Ukuxhumana okuqinile, okuqinile, okuthembekile kwazo zonke izakhi.
• Ikhono lokusekela isisindo esimaphakathi somuntu.
• Awukho umthelela omubi ezintweni zokugqoka.
• Ukubekwa kahle kwezinyathelo. Isinyathelo esingezansi kufanele sibe kude okungadluli ku-1-1,2 m ukusuka phansi. Ibha ephezulu kufanele ibekwe ezingeni lama-eaves. Ububanzi obunconywayo bezitebhisi ngokwazo buyi-0,4 m.

Amamodeli angaphambili kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zawo wonke amazinga amanje. Kubalulekile futhi ukufaka kahle izakhi zesistimu. Ukunakwa okuningi kukhokhwa ekuthembekeni kokufakwa, ukulungiswa kwazo zonke izingxenye, ukuqiniswa kwama-handrails.

Abakhiqizi abathembekile abanolwazi ekudaleni amasistimu anjalo, njenge-Grand Line, bahlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezinesethi yezixhumi nakho konke okudingekayo ukuze kufakwe okulungile.

Isisetshenziswa

Izitebhisi ezijwayelekile eziya odongeni lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo zihlanganisa lezi zinsiza ezilandelayo:

• Isakhiwo ngokwaso esinenombolo edingekayo yezigaba, kuye ngokuthi ukuphakama kwesakhiwo. Uma kunesidingo, ubude bomkhiqizo bungancishiswa ngokusika ngokweqile.
• Ipheya lezandla ngendlela ye-arc, ehlinzeka ngokukhululeka, ukukhuphuka okuphephile.
• Abakaki abalengayo okunamathisela ucingo ezindlebeni.
• Abakaki okufakwa odongeni. Inani lama-elementi lincike kusayizi wesigaba.
• Izibambi zezandla, amabhuloho ophahleni.

Izinyathelo zokufaka

Ukufaka kahle isakhiwo sesitebhisi sophahla noma udonga, kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile izincomo zomkhiqizi. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokufaka ihilela izigaba eziyisithupha ezibalulekile:

1. Ukugxilisa isakhiwo odongeni ngesiqeshana sokusekela esifanele.
2. Ukuxhumana kwemichilo emikhulu nabakaki.
3. Ukufakwa kwamabakaki alengayo ngokuqiniswa kwamapulangwe kanye nebhodi le-cornice.
4. Ukuhlanganisa uphahla kanye nezindonga zodonga nge-U-ubakaki.
5. Ukufakwa kwe-handrail.
6. Ukufakwa kwebhuloho.

Imiyalo yevidiyo

Kuvidiyo evela kuGrand Line, ungabona ngokucacile inqubo yokufaka.

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu

Izitebhisi eziya ophahleni nodonga ziyisici esibalulekile sokucushwa kophahla. Iyakwazi ukwenza lula imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi sokugcinwa noma ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo. Lapho uthenga umklamo, bheka kalula ukusetshenziswa, izinga lokuphepha. Idivayisi kufanele ithembeke, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izakhi zesimanje, ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisetshenziswe ekwenzeni.

Kubalulekile ukusondela ngokucophelela kwinqubo yokufaka. Ukufaka kahle isakhiwo, udinga ukuba nezinga elithile lolwazi nolwazi. Kungcono ukuphathisa isixazululo salolu daba kubadwebi abanekhono. Bazofaka isakhiwo sophahla ngokuthembekile, ngokushesha, ngokuphumelelayo.